00805nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001400131462001100145462002000156562002800176670014700204670003800351670022200389mp2013015001DLC20140224113444.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015001  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aaccordion  aaccordeon  agarmon  apiano accordion  wgafree reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Accordion: a portable instrument of the reed organ family, classified as a keyed free-reed aerophone)  aAzerbaijan, 1996:blabel (Garmon)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:baccordion (term applied to a number of portable free-reed aerophones. Their common features include a mechanical keyboard under each hand, manipulated by the fingers to select pitches)00821nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462002400136562002900160670006300189670018000252670010300432680010400535mp2013015002DLC20140224113444.2030617|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015002  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aaccordion band  aaccordion orchestra  wgainstrumental ensemble  aWagner, Christoph. Hermann Schittenhelm (1893-1979), 1993.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Oct. 29, 2002b(under Accordion: accordion orchestras; under Band: accordion band (piano accordions of various sizes with percussion instruments))  aGoogle search, June 17, 2003:baccordion band(s) (63,800 hits; accordion orchestra(s): 7,050 hits)  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more accordions, with or without percussion and other instruments.00733nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117462002600142462002100168562001400189670009500203670013100298670012200429mp2013015003DLC20140224113444.2090318|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015003  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aacoustic bass guitar  abass guitar, acoustic  afolk bass guitar  wgaguitar  aFonta, T. Chants & themes for the birth of a dream, c2007:b2nd prelim. p. (acoustic bass)  aGrove music online, Apr. 11, 2008b(Acoustic bass guitar, an oversized four-string guitar tuned like the electric bass guitar)  aNew Grove:bunder Electric guitar (Electric bass guitar, more widely used than the large acoustic "folk bass" guitar)00466nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001000113562001700123670003900140680015300179mp201301500420140224113444.3130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015004  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aactor  wgaperformer  aWeb3bactor (theatrical performer)  iAn actor in a non-singing role who is explicitly required for the performance of a musical composition that is not in a traditionally dramatic form.00418nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001600134562001400150670010800164mp2013015005DLC20140224113444.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015005  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aaeolian harp  aeolian harp  wgazither  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:baeolian harp (string instrument (chordophone) sounded by natural wind)00511nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113562001800127670011800145680011400263mp201301500620140224113444.4130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015006  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aaerophone  wgainstrument  aGalpin Society journal, v. 14 (1961):bp. 24 (4. Aerophones. The air itself is the vibrator in the primary sense)  iA musical instrument that creates sound through the vibration of air without the use of strings or membranes.00698nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001200128562003100140562001400171670017700185670010900362675004500471mp2013015007DLC20140224113444.5080228|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015007  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aajaeng  aa-jaeng  wgabowed string instrument  wgazither  aInternationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik (41st : 2002 : Darmstadt, Germany). 41. Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik Darmstadt, 2002, p2004:bcontainer (a-jaeng)  aGrove music online, Feb. 8, 2008b(ajaeng, bowed long zither of Korea; usually paired with the haegŭm)  aWeb. 3;aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments01081nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001400128462001200142562003000154670011200184670019600296670033500492680006000827mp2013015008DLC20140224113444.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015008  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalboka  aalbogón  aalbogue  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.:bAlboka (A double-reed hornpipe of the Basque region; albogón, albogue)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bSpain/Traditional and popular music (alboka: The large class of instruments made by children includes some similar ones such as the double-reed Basque alboka)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, viewed on Music online, Oct. 16, 2013:bv. 8 (under Basque music: alboka--two pipes each with a single reed and a horn at both ends, one acting as a bell, the other as a mouthpiece; under Spain: alboka of Basque country--a double clarinet that plays two simultaneous notes in unison or fifths)  iA Basque hornpipe with two pipes played simultaneously.01592nz  a2200325n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001600132462001500148462001500163462001400178462001300192462001000205462001100215462001000226462001300236462001300249462001300262562001800275670004500293670016000338670014700498670021400645670031400859680009301173mp2013015009DLC20140224113444.6000606|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015009  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalgōjā  aalghōzā  aalg̲hozah  aalgōzā  abīnõn  ado nally  ajorhi  ajorī  angoze  apāvā  apāwā  asatāra  wgaduct flute  aMisri Khan. Alg̲hozahmiyuzik [SR] 198-.  aNew Grove Instrumentsb(Algōjā (Algōzā, Alghōzā) general term, widespread in the Indian subcontinent ... denoting various kinds of duct flutes)  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bPakistan, Islamic Republic of (alghoza (jorī, pāvā, bīnõn), double duct flute usually made of wood)  aWikipedia, April 1, 2013:bAlgoze (pair of Punjabi woodwind instruments adopted by Sindhi, Rajasthani and Baloch folk musicians, also called Jorhi, Do Nally, Satara or Ngoze; resembles a pair of wooden flutes)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, viewed on Music online, Oct. 16, 2013:bv. 5 (under Musical instruments, Northern area: algojā (alghozā) and satāra or pāwā of Rajasthan and Gujarat are end-blown flutes played in pairs by shepherd communities; the player blows both instruments at the same time)  iA pair of end-blown flutes played simultaneously, widespread in the Indian subcontinent.00535nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001400129462001600143562002000159670011200179670007400291mp2013015010DLC20140224113444.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015010  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalphorn  aalpenhorn  aalpine horn  wganatural horn  aNew Grove dict. of musical instr.b(Alphorn: wooden trumpet of pastoral communities in the Alps; Alpenhorn)  aMythahorns #2, p1995:bcontainer (the contemporary alphorn orchestra)00717nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462002500135462002700160562001600187670027400203680007000477mp2013015011DLC20140224113444.8010810|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015011  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalto clarinet  aE♭ clarinet (alto)  aE-flat clarinet (alto)  wgaclarinet  aNew Grove Online Arpril 5, 2013:balto clarinet (member of the clarinet family, normally pitched in E♭ (it is classified as an aerophone). It is used chiefly in military bands and wind bands, and is usually built with an upturned metal bell and a curved metal crook.)  iThe alto member of the clarinet family, normally pitched in E♭.00819nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462002800132562001300160670007400173670027600247670006200523680005200585mp2013015012DLC20140224113444.8990928|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015012  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalto flute  abass flute (alto flute)  wgaflute  aWork cat.: 99477870: Vlijmen, J. van. Against that time, 1997, c1995.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.:bunder Flute (alto (or bass) flute in G; larger version of the concert flute; the term bass flute, although sometimes used to denote the alto flute in G, ought to be reserved for the flute in C, which sounds an octave below the concert flute)  aMarcuseb(alto flute; known in England as the bass flute)  iA flute in G, a fourth below the concert flute.01115nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001700131462001400148462001600162462001500178462001500193562001500208670008600223670028700309670019800596680009100794mp2013015013DLC20140224113444.9030827|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015013  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalto horn  acavalry horn  aE♭ horn  aE-flat horn  amellophone  atenor horn  wgasaxhorn  aSun Life Stanshawe Band. Conductor's showcase [SR] p1981:bcontainer (tenor horn)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Aug. 27, 2003:bequivalent to the English tenor horn; under Tenor horn (valved brass instrument of alto pitch, like a small euphonium in shape; in British brass band scores it is usually referred to as E♭ horn; modern form of the E♭ alto Saxhorn)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(valved brass instrument in E♭, a fifth lower than the modern cornet or trumpet; small circular models called mellophones, large circular ones called cavalry horns)  iA valved brass instrument of alto pitch that is similar to a small euphonium in shape.00257nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113562001600131mp201301501420140224113445.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015014  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalto recorder  wgarecorder00492nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562001700132670022100149mp201301501520140224113445.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015015  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalto saxophone  wgasaxophone  aNew Grove Online March 13, 2013:balto saxophone (alto instrument of the saxophone family, pitched in E♭; the compass of the standard instrument is d–a″, though many alto saxophones have a key for concert a″)00698nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001600135670007100151670024500222670007300467mp2013015016DLC20140224113445.1980112|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015016  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalto trombone  wgatrombone  aJung, H. A poet's discourse, c1995:bt.p. (solo for alto trombone)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr., c1984:bTrombone, #5 (Alto trombones in E♭ or F, commonly used from the 16th century to the 18th as the top voice in the brass choir ... now usually reserved for alto trombone parts with exposed high notes)  aNew Grove Online March 13, 2013:balto trombone (E♭ alto trombone)00349nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113462001800128462002000146562002000166562001700186mp201301501720140224113445.2130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015017  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aalto voice  aalto (singer)  acontralto voice  wgafemale voice  wgalow voice00582nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130562001700142670010100159670010100260680005100361mp2013015018DLC20140224113445.3030224|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015018  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aamadinda  amadinda  wgaxylophone  aWegner, U. Xylophonmusik aus Buganda (Ostafrika), 1990:bp. 5 (Amadinda, ein Xylophon der Ganda)  aNew Grove musical instrumentsb(Amadinda (madinda). Log xylophone of the Ganda people of Uganda)  iA log xylophone of the Ganda people of Uganda.00859nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117562003500139670044600174680009300620mp2013015019DLC20140224113445.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015019  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aangklung (rattle)  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, viewed on Music online, Oct. 17, 2013:bv. 4 (under Java: Angklung is a generic term for sets of tuned, shaken bamboo rattles; each instrument has two to four bamboo tubes, tuned from one to three octaves apart and suspended loosely from the top of a frame; when the instruments are shaken, two small extensions of each tube strike each side of a slot within the lower part of the frame, creating sounds)  iA tuned bamboo sliding rattle of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, or a set of such rattles.00665nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117462001200142562001700154670026600171680007000437mp2013015020DLC20140224113445.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015020  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aangklung (xylophone)  akechruk  wgaxylophone  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bangklung (In Banyuwangi, East Java, the angklung is a xylophone consisting of 12 to 14 bamboo tubes in a frame; the tubes are cut on the slant at the top and closed by a node at the bottom. It forms part of the gamelan angklung)  iAn East Javanese xylophone consisting of bamboo tubes in a frame.01310nz  a2200313n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117462002200142462003400164462002300198462002600221462002300247462001800270462002300288462002200311462002200333462002200355462001700377462002100394562003300415562001400448670013900462670027000601670012500871mp2013015022DLC20140224113445.5090206|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015022  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aAppalachian dulcimer  aAmerican dulcimer  aAppalachian mountain dulcimer  adulcimer, American  adulcimer, Appalachian  adulcimer, Kentucky  adulcimer, lap  adulcimer, mountain  adulcimer, plucked  aKentucky dulcimer  amountain dulcimer  alap dulcimer  aplucked dulcimer  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(Appalachian dulcimer: a plucked zither of European derivation found chiefly in the Appalachian mountains)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Appalachian dulcimer [Kentucky dulcimer, mountain dulcimer]: partly- of fully-fretted zither of the USA; fully-fretted form is now made, stopped chordally with the left hand and plucked with finger plectra in the right hand)  aWaldren, K.L. The mountain dulcimer songswap companion, c1999:bp. 2 (Appalachian mountain dulcimer) p. 3 (Lap dulcimer)00619nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001200129670005500141670021100196680005400407mp2013015023DLC20140224113445.6980807|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015023  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aarará  wgadrum  aWork cat.: Ortiz, F. Los tambores ararás, c1995.  aNew Grove musical instrumentsb(Arará. Cuban drum-type regarded as constructed by Blacks from Dahomey (who are called Ararás in Cuba) or by their descendants; all are single-headed and open at the base)  iA drum constructed by the Arará people of Cuba.00751nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001700133562001900150670027800169680014600447mp2013015026DLC20140224113445.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015026  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aarcicembalo  aarchicembalo  wgaharpsichord  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(Arcicembalo, archicembalo; term used by Nicola Vicentino to designate a harpsichord equipped with many divided keys or a second manual to permit playing of his reconstructions of diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic genera of the ancient Greeks)  iA harpsichord equipped with many divided keys, or a second manual, to allow more precise tuning of diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic notes.00868nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002400132670049200156680007400648mp2013015024DLC20140224113445.7991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015024  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aarchiphone  wgaelectronic organ  aHuygens-Fokker Foundation for Microtonal Music WWW site, Apr. 5, 2013:b(Since 1970 four archiphones have been built by Herman van der Horst of the firm Neonvox in Wilp, Gelderland at the instigation of Anton de Beer. The keyboard layout is essentially the same as on the Fokker-organ. The keys are closer to one another, making more rapid playing possible. Transistor oscillators are the tone source. It has some 40 different timbres, equally divided between the 8- and 4-foot "stops".)  iA microtonal electronic organ first built in 1970 in the Netherlands.00942nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001400130462001400144462001400158462001300172462002100185562001200206670032100218680019700539mp2013015025DLC20140224113445.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015025  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aarchlute  aarchiluth  aarcileuto  aarciliuto  aerzlaute  aliuto attiorbato  wgalute  aNew Grove Online March 13, 2013:barchlute (generic term for lutes with fretted courses tuned like the Renaissance lute, and with extended, unfretted bass courses (diapasons)...differs from the Theorbo mainly in that the body is smaller and the first and second courses are at lute pitch rather than an octave lower)  iAn extended-neck lute with two peg boxes that was principally used in the Baroque period, on which the upper courses are tuned like a Renaissance lute and the diapasons are tuned diatonically.00681nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562001700134562002300151670026400174680009700438mp201301502720140224113445.8130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015027  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aarmpit squeezing  wgaaerophone  wgabody percussion  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bIndonesia/West Java (rhythms squeezed from the armpits of ngajibrut street entertainers) Sound Effects (melodies have been played by creating an air pocket with a wet hand held under the armpit and squeezing with the free arm)  iA performer who traps air in his or her armpit and creates sound through a squeezing motion.01178nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001700132462002300149562001800172670048600190670024000676680008000916mp2013015028DLC20140224113445.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015028  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aarpeggione  abowed guitar  aguitar violoncello  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online (Jan. 18, 2013)b(guitar violoncello, bowed guitar; A bowed string instrument. Both J.G. Staufer (Stauffer) of Vienna and Peter Teufelsdorfer of Pest claimed to be inventors of what came to be known as the arpeggione. Both built a new instrument they called a ‘bowed guitar’, and both introduced their respective instruments in the spring of 1823 ... The instrument was essentially a bass viol with a guitar-type tuning, E–A–d–g–b–e′)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(A bowed guitar invented by J.G. Staufer in 1824. It is the size of a cello, its bridge and fingerboard are curved, its neck is fretted, and its six strings are tuned like those of the guitar, E A d g b e′)  iA fretted bowed string instrument of the 19th century, tuned like a guitar.00917nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001100130562001200141670005500153670008200208670019300290670017900483680006100662mp2013015029DLC20140224113445.9910606|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015029  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aatabaque  atambor  wgadrum  aLody, R.G. O atabaque no candomblé baiano, 1989.  aNew Grove dict. mus. instrumentsb(Atabaque, similar to the Afro-Cuban conga)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bBrazil (The conical single-headed drum, similar to the Afro-Cuban conga drum, is known throughout the country under the generic terms atabaque and tambor.)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, viewed on Music online, Oct. 18, 2013:bv. 2 (under Brazil, central and southern areas: atabaque-large narrow single-headed conical drum)  iA large, narrow, single-headed conical drum from Brazil.00502nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001800131670003900149670009100188675001100279680004200290mp2013015031DLC20140224113445.9930913|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015031  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aatenteben  wgaduct flute  aAduonum, K. Atenteben tutor, 1981.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Atenteben. End-blown bamboo flute from Ghana)  aWeb. 3  iAn end-blown bamboo flute from Ghana.00682nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001200130670011600142670017400258680009200432mp2013015032DLC20140224113446.0050428|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015032  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aaudeharp  wgaharp  aWood plucked instrument:bp. 4 (60 parallel strings in 4 octaves, in two planes that intersect near the middle)  aAudet, F.X. Instructions for playing the audeharp, c1910:bp. 4 (wood plucked instrument; 60 parallel strings in 4 octaves, in two planes that intersect near the middle)  iA wooden harp with sixty parallel strings in two planes that intersect near the middle.00431nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113562001600126562001700142680013800159mp201301503320140224113446.1130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015033  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aaudience  wgaensemble  wgaperformer  iOne or more participants in the performance of a musical work, other than the performer(s) on stage or otherwise presenting the work.01177nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562003000127670046700157670031700624680007800941mp2013015034DLC20140224113446.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015034  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aaulos  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, June 1, 2010:b(Greek reed instrument. It was the most important of the ancient Greek wind instruments; even when used in the singular, usually denotes a wind instrument consisting of two pipes and two (probably double) reeds. However, since the word was also applied to any hollow, elongated tube, aulos may refer to any wind instrument consisting of a single pipe with or without a reed, including (occasionally) the trumpet.)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, viewed on Music online, Oct. 18, 2013:bv. 8 (under Ancient Greek music: aulos (pl. auloi), a conical double-reed aerophone, typically played in pairs by one player; made of reed, wood, bone, ivory, or metal, open at the lower end, and with differing numbers of finger holes)  iAn ancient Greek reed instrument typically played in pairs by one player.00623nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562003300130562001400163670030000177mp2013015035DLC20140224113446.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015035  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aautoharp  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove Online March 13, 2013:bautoharp (box zither of German origin, popular in the USA from the late 19th century. The player strums the strings with his fingers, a fingerpick or a plectrum; damper bars controlled by buttons damp all the strings except those that sound the required chord.)01243nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001700129562001200146670007100158670026200229670009100491670016900582670015000751675006700901680005700968mp2013015036DLC20140224113446.2110214|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015036  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ababadok  ababadok drum  wgadrum  aBabadók [VR] : a unique traditional drum from Timor Leste, 2005.  aMúsica de Timor-Leste, article on Portuguese Wikipédia website, Feb. 11, 2011b(babadok; a small drum of conical wooden body, with about 30 to 50 cm. in length and about 15 cm. in diameter, usually played by females, who hit with both hands alternately)  aMusique est-timoraise, article on French Wikipédia website, Feb. 11, 2011b(babadok)  aGoogle search, Feb. 11, 2011b(the women of Timor-Leste beat the babadok drum, as accompaniment for the tebe dance, which they perform in honour of their ancestors)  aBabadok : newsletter of World Bank Timor-Leste, Aug. 2010, viewed online Feb. 11, 2011:bt.p. (an illustration of a babadok is next to the title)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instruments;aGarland enc. of world music  iA small conical drum played by women in Timor-Leste.00483nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001400133562002200147670006000169680009600229mp2013015037DLC20140224113446.3981020|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015037  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ababy rattle  wgarattle  wgatoy instrument  aHersey, M. Collecting baby rattles and teethers, c1998.  iA toy rattle usually used to entertain infants, but sometimes used as a musical instrument.00443nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001100131670012300142680003200265mp2013015038DLC20140224113446.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015038  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abağlama  wgasaz  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Bağlama: Turkish long-necked lute; the most popular and widely played saz in Turkey)  iA Turkish long-necked lute.00954nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001100129462002400140462002200164562003000186670007800216670016400294670030200458mp2013015039DLC20140224113446.4030417|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015039  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abagpipe  abiniou  acornemuse (bagpipe)  amusette (bagpipe)  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove musical instrumentsb(Biniou : mouth blown bagpipe of Brittany)  aMarcuseb(Biniou : small, mouth-blown bagpipe of Brittany; the true biniou disappeared during the 1930's, to be gradually replaced by the larger Scot. bagpipe)  aNew Grove Online March 13, 2013:bbagpipe (wind instrument which in its commonest forms consists of a chanter and one or more drones, all supplied with air from the bag, which is compressed under the player’s arm to provide a constant pressure. The instrument is classed as a composite reedpipe)00968nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001400132670009600146670010800242670032200350670007600672680003800748mp2013015041DLC20140224113446.5021010|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015041  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abajo sexto  wgaguitar  aWinant, S. Out of the rhythm section : the role of the bajo sexto in Tejano conjunto, 2002.  aGarland encyc. of world music, 1988:bv. 2, glossary (bajo sexto, large twelve-stringed Mexican guitar)  aGroveMusic, via WWW, Oct. 10, 2002b(bajo sexto (large 12-string guitar); characteristic instruments of música norteña (from northern Mexico) are the accordion and the bajo sexto; accordion and bajo sexto are also the basic duo of the popular music genre originally from southern Texas, Tex-Mex (Tejano conjunto))  aLC database, Oct. 10, 2002b(in titles and performer notes: bajo sexto)  iA large 12-string Mexican guitar.00998nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162004100117462003700158562003000195670019600225670035500421680005200776mp2013015042DLC20140224113446.6000329|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015042  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abālabān (double reed instrument)  abalaman (double reed instrument)  wgadouble reed instrument  aKahlid Rashid, 1997:bbooklet (the balabân is a traditional oboe in Kurdish music; the same type of instrument is found in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Turkey where it is known as duduk or mey)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(bālabān (balaman, yasti balaman, duduk); cylindrical oboe of the Caucasas, especially Azerbaijan, northern Iran, and northeast Iraq, also known in northern Iran by its older Turkish name narme ney or mey; the balaban of the Uzbek and Tajik peoples of Central Asia is a clarinet; reference to duduk (oboe))  iA traditional cylindrical oboe of the Caucasas.01023nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162004100117462003700158562003000195670019600225670035500421680007700776mp2013015043DLC20140224113446.7000329|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015043  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abālabān (single reed instrument)  abalaman (single-reed instrument)  wgasingle reed instrument  aKahlid Rashid, 1997:bbooklet (the balabân is a traditional oboe in Kurdish music; the same type of instrument is found in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Turkey where it is known as duduk or mey)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(bālabān (balaman, yasti balaman, duduk); cylindrical oboe of the Caucasas, especially Azerbaijan, northern Iran, and northeast Iraq, also known in northern Iran by its older Turkish name narme ney or mey; the balaban of the Uzbek and Tajik peoples of Central Asia is a clarinet; reference to duduk (oboe))  iA single reed instrument of the Uzbek and Tajik peoples of Central Asia.00583nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040001800092162001400110462001400124462001400138562002000152670016400172680007700336mp2013015044DLC20140224113446.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015044  aDLCbengcDLC  abalalaika  abalabayka  abalalayka  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Balalaika: balalayka, balabayka: a long-necked lute with a triangular body; one of the most popular folk instruments of Russia)  iA Russian folk stringed instrument with a long neck and triangular body.00347nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113562003500136680005400171mp201301584620140224113446.8131219|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015846  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abalalaika ensemble  wgaplucked instrument ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more balalaikas.03035nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113562002900137670123000166670062801396670065302024680020002677mp201301583220140224113446.9131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015832  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abalalaika orchestra  wgainstrumental ensemble  aThe Balalaika and Domra Association of America (BDAA) WWW site, December 10, 2013b(the invention of the balalaika orchestra is attributed to Russian nobleman and musician Vassily Vassilievich Andreyev who in the late 1800s undertook to have a family of balalaikas of different sizes (soprano to low bass) made for performance along the lines of the string instruments of the symphony orchestra. Continuing to experiment, he added domras of different sizes and the gusli. Tours of his orchestra in the early 20th century, as well as Russian immigrants, helped popularize balalaika orchestras outside of Russia. Over the years, and particularly during the Soviet period, non-folk instruments such as the flute and oboe came into use in the balalaika orchestras, along with the bayan. The instruments played in traditional Russian folk instrument orchestras typically include three-stringed domras of various sizes, balalaikas of various sizes, bayans in several voices, guslis, flute, oboe, optional clarinet and bassoon, and percussion. In the United States, four-stringed domras are favored, while in Ukraine, four-stringed domras are standard and Ukrainian instruments such as the bandura, kobza, and tsimbali are included)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music. Vol. 8, Europe, c2000:bp. 775 (Russian Vasily Andreev (1861-1918) began collecting folk instruments with the aim of restoring instrumental folk traditions to the Russian people. He soon realized that these were ineffective when presented on stage, so he tried to improve the situation by having the instruments rebuilt in sizes from soprano to bass and played in sections along the lines of a symphony orchestra. Well-received by the pre-revolutionary intelligentsia, these orchestras became the hallmark of Soviet-period staged folklore and were later adopted by all Soviet republics)  aGrove music online, December 10, 2013b(The success of the balalaika is attributed to Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreyev (1861–1918) who, assisted by the instrument makers V. Ivanov, F. Paserbsky and S. Nalimov, produced a metal-fretted chromatic version in a family of sizes. Andreyev's Society of Lovers of Balalaika Playing gave its first public performance in Russia in 1888 and in 1889 the Society performed at the Paris Exposition Universelle. By 1896 Andreyev had reorganized his instrumentalists as the Grand Russian Orchestra, which between 1909 and 1912 toured Europe and America. Balalaika orchestras were soon formed in Britain and the USA)  iAn ensemble consisting largely or wholly of balalaikas and domras of different sizes, usually including other Russian or Ukrainian folk instruments, percussion, woodwinds, and one or more bayans.00444nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129562001700142562002900159670009800188mp2013015045DLC20140224113446.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015045  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aballoon  aaerostat  wgaaerophone  wgapercussion instrument  aWeb.3:bballoon (small-necked inflatable bag of thin usu. gaily colored rubber used as a toy)00765nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000900126462001100135462001200146462001200158462001300170562002500183670004300208670015500251670004200406670002300448680005200471mp2013015046DLC20140224113447.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015046  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abalo  abala  abalafo  abalafon  abalafou  abalaphon  wgamallet instrument  aJessup, L. The Mandinka balafon, 1984.  aNew Groveb(Balo; bala, balafou, balafon; a gourd-resonated frame xylophone of the Mandinka/Malinke peoples of Gambia, Senegal, Mali, and Upper Volta)  aMarcuseb(balafo; balafon see balafo)  aWeb. 3b(Balaphon)  iA West African gourd-resonated frame xylophone.01303nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562001300136670009200149670009200241670072900333680007101062mp2013015047DLC20140224113447.1991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015047  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abambuso sonoro  wgaorgan  aAnsink, C. Heaven won't be big enough for Johnnie and his fortythousand friends, c1990.  aLetter from E. van Swol, Donemus, June 10, 1992b(the bambuso sonoro is a bamboo organ)  aDutch Wikipedia, Sept. 16, 2013 (via Google translate):bbambuso sonoro (The Bambuso Sonoro is a bamboo organ that consists of more than a hundred pipes. The experimental musical instrument is designed by artist Hans van Koolwijk, and it is probably inspired by the famous 19th-century bamboo organ of Las Piñas City in the Philippines [1]. The size of the bamboo flutes varies from a few centimeters to about six feet. The air supply is effected by means of a fan. Through valves, stop valves, pedals and rods sound may be affected. Though you can hardly conventional melodies played on the instrument lends itself perfectly for making sound masses, glissandi, interferences between sounds, static and rhythmic patterns.)  iAn experimental bamboo organ designed by artist Hans van Koolwijk.01059nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462001500138462001500153462002100168562002400189670007700213670004200290670014600332670029400478680006900772mp2013015257DLC20140224113447.1050117|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015257  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afairground organ  aband organ  afair organ  ashowground organ  wgamechanical organ  aWork cat.: New Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(fairground organ; band organ)  aMusic indexb(fair organ; band organ)  aGrove music online web site, Dec. 20, 2004 $b (Fairground organ, fair organ, showground organ, band organ; Dut. draaiorgel; Ger. Kermisorgel)  aNew Grove Online March 14, 2013:bfairground organ (fair organ, showground organ, band organ.Mechanical organ used to provide music for merry-go-rounds and in amusement parks, circuses and skating rinks in Europe and the USA...originated in Europe as an outdoor version of the Orchestrion)  iA mechanical organ used for outdoor entertainments and circuses.00801nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002800131670009200159670005200251670007500303670007400378670009500452680006000547mp2013015049DLC20140224113447.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015049  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abandoneon  wgabutton-key accordion  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Bandoneon; square-built button accordion or concertina)  aMarcuseb(Bandoneon: a large square concertina)  aNew Harvardb(bandoneon: a square, entirely button-operated accordion)  aWeb. 3b(bandonion or bandoneon: an accordion popular in So. America)  aAm. Heritage, 3rd. ed.b(bandoneon: a small accordion especially popular in Latin America)  iA square button-key accordion popular in South America.00883nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129462001200141562002000153670013000173670006400303670006800367670010100435670004600536680008300582mp2013015050DLC20140224113447.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015050  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abandora  apandora  apandore  wgaplucked lute  aNordstrom, L. The bandora, 1992:bCIP galley (the name is found as pandora in 4 sources, and as bandora in all other sources)  aFerrabosco, A. Collected works for lute and bandora, c1979.  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(Pandora, also called bandora)  aApel, W. Harvard dict.b(Bandora, pandora, pandore; 16th cent. stringed instrument of bass size)  aNat. gaz. mus. inst.b(Bandora (pandora))  iA plucked wire-strung bass instrument invented in England in the 16th century.01389nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001700126462001800143462001900161462002800180462002000208462001400228462002500242462001900267462001800286562002900304670018100333670008700514670038800601680007500989681003501064mp2013015048DLC20140224113447.3080505|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015048  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aband  aconcert band  amilitary band  asymphonic band  asymphonic wind ensemble  asymphonic winds  awind band  awind ensemble (band)  awind orchestra  awind symphony  wgainstrumental ensemble  aWikipedia, October 21, 2013b(under Concert band: also called wind band, symphonic band, symphonic winds, wind orchestra, wind symphony, wind ensemble, symphonic wind ensemble)  aRapp, W. The wind band masterworks of Holst, Vaughan Williams, and Grainger, 2005.  aGrove music online WWW site, Sept. 29, 2005b(Military band: A term dating from the late 18th century used of a regimental band of woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments. It is also applied to an ensemble of any sort that plays military music, including signals and military calls. In British usage it refers (misleadingly) to mixed wind bands of all types; Wind band: see Band)  iA large ensemble consisting primarily of winds, brass, and percussion.  iReference underawind ensemble00847nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129562003300142670009900175670030400274680009900578mp2013015051DLC20140224113447.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015051  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abandura  abandoura  wgaplucked string instrument  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(bandura: a type of psaltery found in the Ukraine; bandoura)  aNew Grove Online March 14, 2013:bbandura (hybrid instrument of the Ukraine combining elements of a lute and box zither, possibly derived from the 10th century Arabic and Persian pandura and the kobuz of the Kipchak and Polovtsian peoples...also known as the kobza until the end of the 19th century)  iA Ukrainian plucked-string instrument which combines elements of lute and zither construction.00942nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001200131462001400143562002000157670015100177670008700328670017500415670006600590680008000656mp2013015052DLC20140224113447.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015052  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abandurria  abandola  amandurria  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(bandurria: a plucked lute, a hybrid of the guitar and cittern families, found in Spain and parts of Latin America)  aBritannica Micro.b(Bandurria; in Latin America it is frequently called a bandola)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, viewed on Music online, Oct. 22, 2013:bv. 4 (under Glossary: bandurria, European pear-shaped plucked lute, found in the Philippines)  aGrove music online, October 22, 2013b(bandurria [mandurria])  iA plucked string instrument from Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines.00725nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002000127670008800147670034400235mp2013015053DLC20140224113447.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015053  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abanjo  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(banjo: a plucked lute with a long guitar-like neck)  aNew Grove Online March 14, 2013:bbanjo (plucked string instrument with a long guitar-like neck and a circular soundtable;the development of the modern banjo began in the second quarter of the 19th century as an increasingly commercial adaptation of an instrument used by West African slaves in the New World as early as the 17th century.)01061nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001400135462001400149462001300163462001400176462001800190562002000208670028800228670015700516670009700673680006100770mp2013015054DLC20140224113447.5050601|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015054  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abanjo ukulele  abanjo uke  abanjolele  abanjouke  abanjulele  aukulele banjo  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of jazz. WWW site, Apr. 29, 2005:bBanjulele (banjouke, banjo ukulele, ukulele banjo; banjo on which the strings are of the same length, and of the same tuning (usually a', d',f#', b), as those of a ukulele; differs from the ukulele in that its tone is more strident)  aNew Grove dict. of music WWW site, Apr. 29, 2005:bBanjulele (hybrid instrument combining a banjo body with a ukulele fingerboard, stringing and tuning)  aGoogle search, Apr. 29, 2005b(banjo ukulele, 11,600; ukulele banjo, 7,650; banjulele, 685.)  iAn instrument combining a banjo body and ukulele tuning.01113nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001600133462001800149462001500167462001600182462001700198462001000215462001000225462001000235562002200245670003500267670014000302670013800442670004800580670014700628680004800775mp2013015055DLC20140224113447.6020201|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015055  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abānsurī  abaṃsarī  abāṃsurī  abānsrī  abā̃srī  abā̃surī  ahalur  ahusor  asolor  wgaductless flute  aSarma, A. Bāṃsurī, 1982.  aMarcuse. Musical instruments:bp. 36 (Bansurī (Sans.), whistle flute of the Punjab, 4-6 fingerholes; also called halur, husor, solor)  aNew Grove:bv. 9, p. 131, under India (bānsurī) p. 142 (made of bamboo) v. 14, p. 107, under Pakistan (may also be made of metal)  aYājñika, H. Baṃsarī vādana, 1998.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(bā̃surī (bāṃsurī, bānsuri, bānsrī, bā̃srī): north Indian term for flutes of various types)  iOne of various types of South Asian flutes.00831nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001500135670006400150670030500214680011600519681002600635mp2013015056DLC20140224113447.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015056  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abaritone horn  wgasaxhorn  aHarvard dict. of music:bunder baritone (the baritone horn)  aNew Grove Online March 14, 2013:bbaritone horn (The baritone instrument of the Saxhorn family, pitched in B♭. The name is also used for the euphonium (tenor Tuba), especially in the USA, where the two instruments are structurally less dissimilar than in Europe and are often used interchangeably.)  iThe baritone instrument of the saxhorn family, pitched in B♭. For the tenor of the tuba family seeaeuphonium  iNote underaeuphonium00504nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113562001700136670022900153mp201301505720140224113447.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015057  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abaritone saxophone  wgasaxophone  aNew Grove Online March 14, 2013:bbaritone saxophone (baritone instrument of the saxophone family, pitched in E♭; the compass of the standard instrument is D–a', though many baritone saxophones have a key for concert C.)00326nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113462002200132562001800154562002000172mp201301505820140224113447.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015058  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abaritone voice  abaritone (singer)  wgamale voice  wgamedium voice00403nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113562001200130680013900142mp201301505920140224113447.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015059  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aBaroque lute  wgalute  iA lute popular in 17th-18th century Europe that has ten to thirteen courses, and the upper courses are tuned to an open D minor chord.00930nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001600134462001800150462001500168462001700183562002400200680012300224670038900347mp2013015060DLC20140224113447.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015060  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abarrel organ  aDutch organ  agrinder organ  ahand organ  astreet organ  wgamechanical organ  iA small organ played chiefly by street musicians, in which a barrel with pins or staples is activated by a hand crank.  aNew Grove Online May 3, 2013:bbarrel organ (mechanical instrument in which the musical programme is represented by projections on the surface of a slowly rotating barrel or cylinder; in its common form, the barrel organ comprises a small pipe-organ offering 14 notes or more in a non-chromatic scale and represented on between one and four stops or registers controlled by drawstops)00525nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001900134462001300153462001600166462001700182562002400199680012000223mp2013015061DLC20140224113447.8970411|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015061  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abarrel piano  acylinder piano  apianette  apiano organ  astreet piano  wgamechanical piano  iA mechanical piano activated by a hand crank, with a pinned barrel or cylinder, played chiefly by street musicians.01382nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129462001200141462001800153462001200171462001200183462001200195462002100207462001800228562001800246670009100264670034300355670024900698680016900947mp2013015062DLC20140224113447.9010919|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015062  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abaryton  abariton  abarydon  alyra bastarda  aparadon  aparidon  apariton  aviola di bordone  aviola paredon  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Baryton (bariton, barydon, paradon, paridon, pariton))  aNew Grove onlineb(bass string instrument simultaneously bowed from above and plucked from behind; term "lyra bastarda" occasionally although incorrectly applied to the baryton; hybrid instrument based on the Baroque bass viol and incorporating features of the lyra viol and the bandora; three basic forms: Baroque, Classical and revival)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(18th-century bowed stringed instrument similar to the bass viol, with six bowed strings and seven fingerboard frets ... and a very broad neck hollowed in the rear to accommodate as many as twenty sympathetic strings)  iAn 18th century bowed string instrument similar to the bass viol, but with the addition of sympathetic wire strings which could also be plucked with the left thumb.00482nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113462002700137562001700164562001800181670013700199mp201301506320140224113448.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015063  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass-baritone voice  abass-baritone (singer)  wgalow voice  wgamale voice  aNew Grove Online March 14, 2013:bbass-baritone voice (male voice combining the compass and attributes of the bass and the baritone)00711nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001600135670042600151mp2013015064DLC20140224113448.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015064  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass clarinet  wgaclarinet  aNew Grove Online March 18, 2013:bbass clarinet (member of the clarinet family, generally pitched in B♭, an octave below the soprano clarinet.Its range is usually extended to E (usually written e; sounding D) on French and English instruments, D (written d; sounding C) on German instruments, and there is a growing tendency to use instruments extended to C (written c; sounding B′) in the manner of the basset-horn.)00558nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001200131670028100143mp2013015065DLC20140224113448.1941118|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015065  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass drum  wgadrum  aNew Grove Online March 18, 2013:bbass drum (The largest orchestral drum. Normally it has two heads, though single-headed drums, called ‘gong drums’, were popular in the 19th century. Mounted on a stand...As a part of the drum kit, the bass drum has shrunk over the years)01026nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001300132670010600145670021200251670012900463670019100592680006100783mp2013015066DLC20140224113448.2990929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015066  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass flute  wgaflute  aLiebermann, L. Eight pieces for bass flute or alto flute or C flute or piccolo (1997), op. 59, c1998.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.:bunder Flute (the term bass flute, although sometimes used to denote the alto flute in G, ought to be reserved for the flute in C, which sounds an octave below the concert flute)  aMarcuseb(bass flute: cross flute pitched in C, and octave below the ordinary or concert flute, and thus in reality a tenor)  aNew Grove Online March 18, 2013:bbass flute (term occasionally used to denote the alto flute in G, although more properly reserved for the flute in C an octave below the concert flute.)  iA flute pitched in C, an octave below the concert flute.00876nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001900133462002700152462002500179562002300204670003400227670012200261670005400383670004000437670013800477670003100615mp2013015067DLC20140224113448.2010823|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015067  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass guitar  abass, electric  abass (electric guitar)  aelectric bass guitar  wgaelectric guitar  aMarcuse. Musical instruments.  aNew Grove:bunder Electric guitar (Electric bass guitar, more widely used than the large acoustic "folk bass" guitar)  aOld catalog headingb(Electric bass, Bass guitar)  aKeif, D. Arpeggios for bass, c1997.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 23, 2001b(Electric bass guitar (Bass guitar): an electric guitar, usually with four heavy strings)  aWork cat: Europe; Americas00513nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113562001600131670024400147mp201301506820140224113448.3130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015068  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass recorder  wgarecorder  aNew Grove Online March 19, 2013:bRecorder (four main instruments in use today: the descant (known in the USA as the ‘soprano’; lowest note c″); treble (in the USA ‘alto’; lowest note f′), tenor (lowest note c′) and bass (f))00259nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562001700132mp201301506920140224113448.4130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015069  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass saxophone  wgasaxophone00509nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001600135670003800151670004700189670011500236mp2013015070DLC20140224113448.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015070  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass trombone  wgatrombone  aKnaub, D. Sound waves [SR] p1983.  aNew Grove:bunder Trombone (Bass trombone)  aNew Grove Online March 19, 2013:bbrass trombone (Brass instr. with a range to F or E below the ten. tb. B♭)00315nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113462001800128562001700146562001800163mp201301507120140224113448.5130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015071  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abass voice  abass (singer)  wgalow voice  wgamale voice00680nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117562001600137670006400153670005800217670015400275680008100429mp2013015072DLC20140224113448.5870910|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015072  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abasset clarinet  wgaclarinet  aMozart, W.A. Clarinet concerto in A major, K622 [SR] p1986.  aGrove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Basset clarinet)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bbasset clarinet (soprano clarinet whose range is extended downwards to written c, in the manner of the basset-horn)  iA clarinet similar to the soprano clarinet but with an extended lower range.00600nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001600133670009100149670002600240670003200266670013200298mp2013015073DLC20140224113448.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015073  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abasset horn  wgaclarinet  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(Basset-horn: woodwind inst. of the clarinet family)  aWeb. 3b(basset horn)  aRandom houseb(basset horn)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bbasset horn (Woodwind instrument; a member of the clarinet family, normally now pitched in F)00701nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562003000129670023300159670016300392mp2013015074DLC20140224113448.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015074  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abassoon  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(bassoon; under Curtal (double curtaile, curtall, curtoll, curtle, corthol, courthol): the name used in England from the late 16th century to the early 18th for both the Dulcian and the Bassoon)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bbassoon (wooden conical wind instrument, sounded with a double reed, which forms the tenor and bass to the woodwind section)00524nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562002200128670004200150670010600192680006800298mp2013015075DLC20140224113448.6980807|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015075  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abatá  wgahourglass drum  aOrtiz, F. Los tambores batá, c1995.  aNew Grove musical instrumentsb(Batá. Double-headed hourglass drum of the Afro-Cuban Lucumí cult)  iA double-headed hourglass drum of the Afro-Cuban Lucumí cult.01331nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127562002800137670001500165670004500180670009000225670023700315670049700552680007601049mp2013015076DLC20140224113448.7090220|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015076  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abayan  abajan  wgabutton-key accordion  aNew Grove.  aMarcuseb(chromatic accordion of Russia)  aGubaĭdulina, S.A. Sonnengesang, p2004:bdisc label (In croce : for cello and bajan)  aBajan world Web site, Dec. 17, 2008:bhome page (In 1907 the instrument builder Peter J. Sterligow built a four-rowed button harmonica for the musician and pedagogue Jakow Orlanski-Titarenko in St. Petersburg, which he called bajan)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bUnder Accordion/Chromatic accordions/Button chromatic accordion (Known as the bayan in Russia and the musette in France, these differ from piano accordions mainly in that the right-hand section of this type of accordion is organized in three, four or five rows of buttons, usually coloured black and white). Under Russian Federation (a type of accordion introduced in 1907, with a chromatic keyboard and chord buttons). Under Belarus (the bayan or accordion)  iA Russian chromatic button-key accordion developed in the 20th century.00941nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001300128462001200141562001200153670018300165670009800348670016500446670008000611680004400691mp2013015078DLC20140224113448.7110624|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015078  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abegena  abaganā  abeganna  wgalyre  aʾAlamāyahu Wa/yoḥanes. Yabaganā ʾaśarārenā mamāriyā ... 2000:bnote in LC-Nairobi bib. record (Begena, one of the oldest string musical instruments in Ethiopia)  aPowne, M. Ethiopian Music : An Introduction, 1968:bp. 53 (bagana is a ... ten-stringed lyre)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.:bv. 1, p. 202 (beganna; also known as bagana, bägänna, begena; large box lyre of Sudan and Ethiopia, with eight to ten strings)  aGoogle search, June 27, 2003b(Begena most common; also Bagana and Beganna)  iAn Ethiopian lyre with a box resonator.00518nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002800126670023000154mp2013015079DLC20140224113448.7011228|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015079  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abell  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bUnder Bells i (idiophone consisting of a hollow object, usually of metal but in some cultures of hard clay or even glass, which when struck emits a sound by the vibration of most of its mass)00855nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001300130462002400143462001300167562001900180562003200199670003000231670017900261670003700440670005400477680009400531mp2013015080DLC20140224113448.8030224|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015080  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aberimbau  aberimbao  aberimbau de barriga  aurucungu  wgamusical bow  wgastruck string instrument  aFor the birds [SR] c1981.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(berimbau: a Brazilian musical bow of African origin, with a single wire string and sometimes a gourd resonator; berimbau de barriga, urucungu)  aDelta Larousse, 1970b(Berimbau)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975b(Berimbao)  iA single-string Brazilian musical bow with a gourd resonator that is played with a stick.00701nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001500132562001200147670007900159670023400238680003600472675001100508mp2013015081DLC20140224113448.8010727|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015081  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abian zhong  apien chung  wgabell  aCentral Broadcasting Folk Orchestra, Peking [SR] 1981:blabel (bian zhong)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.:bv. I, p. 228 (Bianzhong (pien-chung); Set of bronze bells of China.) v. III, p. 894, under Zhong (sets of bells, usually 16 in number, tuned chromatically, of either the zhong or niu construction ...)  iA set of bronze bells of China.  aWeb. 300776nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117462002700143562001800170670010500188670022100293680009200514mp2013015082DLC20140224113448.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015082  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abichromatic harmonium  aharmonium, bichromatic  wgareed organ  aLC database:b(Möllendorff, W. Musik mit Vierteltönen; Erfahrungen am bichromatischen Harmonium)  aSchenker documents online WWW site, October 23, 2013:bProfiles; Person; Willi (Willy) von Möllendorff (Moellendorf) (known for his experimentation with quarter-tones, for which he invented a bichromatic harmonium)  iA quarter-tone harmonium invented by Willi von Möllendorff in the early 20th century.02048nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001800130462001500148462001400163462001900177462001500196562001200211670011400223670028700337670007700624670094300701680016201644mp2013015083DLC20140224113448.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015083  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abig band  abig jazz band  adance band  ajazz band  ajazz orchestra  astage band  wgaband  aNew Grove dict. of jazz:bJazz IV, p. 545 (The ten- 15-piece dance bands ... "big bands" or "big jazz bands")  aNew Grove dict. of jazz:bBands (In American schools the term "stage band" is used as a synonym for "big band" ... in jazz, the term ... is most frequently applied to larger ensembles for which the term "big band," "dance band," and "orchestra" have often been used interchangeably)  aWhat did you dream? [SR], p2010:bdisc label (Dan Gailey Jazz Orchestra)  aWikipedia, Feb. 21, 2013:bOrchestral jazz (Orchestral jazz is a jazz genre developed in the United States in the 1920s, most significantly by Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington. As early as the 1910s there had been dance orchestras playing the popular songs of the day along with a smattering of jazz. But the first to truly perform and record orchestral jazz was Fletcher Henderson, starting in about 1923, who gathered from smaller quintets and sextets a number of notable New York based players and formed the first full jazz orchestra.) Big band (A big band is a type of musical ensemble that originated in the United States and is associated with jazz and the Swing Era typically consisting of rhythm, brass, and woodwind instruments totaling approximately 12 to 25 musicians. The terms jazz band, jazz ensemble, jazz orchestra, stage band, society band, and dance band may describe this type of ensemble in particular contexts.)  iA band generally of 10-15 solo instruments, predominantly winds, and sometimes including a vocalist, that performs jazz and popular music for social dancing.00622nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002800126670017400154670005600328680008000384mp2013015084DLC20140224113448.9010306|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015084  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abilo  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(Ancient Russian percussion plaque or disc, suspended from a tree; used for signalling in the monasteries of the Raskolniks (dissenters))  aMarcuse, S. Mus. instr.b(Bilo, Russ.: semanterion)  iAn ancient Russian percussion plaque or disc that is suspended from a tree.00937nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562003000131670004800161670008400209670042600293680004800719mp2013015085DLC20140224113449.0940331|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015085  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abirbynė  wgasingle reed instrument  aJuozapaitis, V. Sonata birbynei solo, 1982.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Birbynė; folk clarinet of Lithuania)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bUnder Clarinet (form of the Lithuanian birbynė is an idioglot instrument of straw, quill, etc. with a reed cut into the tube near the top and one to three finger-holes). Under Lithuania (wind instrument made of maple or ash, has a conical barrel with five or six finger-holes; a mouthpiece of the clarinet type is inserted at the upper end and a cow-horn bell is attached at the lower)  iA single-reed folk instrument of Lithuania.00542nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002000126670010500146670010000251680003300351mp2013015086DLC20140224113449.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015086  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abiwa  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(biwa: a pear-shaped plucked lute, usually with four or five strings)  ade Ferrenti,H. Japanese mus. intsts.,bp. 91 (pear-shaped plucked lutes generically named biwa)  iA pear-shaped Japanese lute.00892nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000900126562002200135670022000157670014100377675004800518670007600566680005600642mp2013015087DLC20140224113449.1920915|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015087  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ablul  ablur  wgaductless flute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Syrinx, probably this name is an error, as this is a single flute, open at both ends, played vertically, used by Kurdish shepherds to signal their flocks)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Blul, open wooden end-blown flute of Armenia, of pastoral origin, also known by the Caucasian Kurds as the blur)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975;aWeb. 3  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bUnder Armenia (blul: end-blown flute)  iA Kurdish and Armenian open wooden end-blown flute.00408nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001800131670008700149675002600236mp2013015088DLC20140224113449.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015088  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abodhrán  wgaframe drum  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(bodhrán: single-headed frame drum of Ireland)  aRandom House;aWeb. 301004nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117562002800137670003300165670011100198670033000309670008800639680009500727mp2013015090DLC20140224113449.1081203|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015090  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abody percussion  wgaconcussion idiophone  aThe human hambone [VR] 2005.  aGrove music online, Dec. 2, 2008b(under Sound effects; Musical sound effects after 1950: body percussion)  aBodydrums.com, Dec. 2, 2008b(Body percussion is the art of creating percussive sounds using body movements and body parts exclusively; may be performed on its own or as an accompaniment to song. Examples include Indonesian saman; Ethiopian armpit music; Flamenco pamas; South African gumboot; and from the USA, the hambone.)  aGarland encyc. of world mus. WWW site, Mar. 7, 2011:bv. 4, 9, 10 (body percussion)  iA performer who creates percussive sounds using body movements and body parts exclusively.00342nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113562002300131670006600154mp201301508920140224113449.2130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015089  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abody slapping  wgabody percussion  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bpassim., also body-slapping01321nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001100113562002800124670008100152670084300233680009901076mp201301509120140224113449.2120316|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015091  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abonang  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 16, 2012:bunder Gamelan (gong-chime)  aWesleyan Univ. Virtual instrument museum, Mar. 16, 2012:b(Gamelan instrument; consists of two rows of horizontal gong-kettles with the open side facing down, which is placed on cords stretched over a rectangular wooden-frame. The bonang is played with two cylindrical sticks, which are padded with cord at the striking end. A full gamelan set has two kinds of bonang: bonang barung and bonang panerus; the latter is one octave higher than the former (its lower octave overlaps with the higher octave of bonang barung). Depending on the tuning system, a bonang may have fourteen gong-kettles for pelog (seven in each row), or twelve or ten for slendro (six or five in each row). Some gamelan may also have bonang panembung, a bonang whose octave range is one octave lower than bonang barung. Country of origin: Indonesia; Subregion: Java)  iA gamelan instrument consisting of two rows of horizontal gong-kettles played with two sticks.00823nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002800127670012800155670026000283680012200543mp2013015092DLC20140224113449.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015092  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abones  wgaclapper (percussion)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bbones (Concussion idiophones or Clappers...played in pairs (usually a pair in each hand))  aWikipedia, October 23, 2013b(bones; folk musical instrument which consists of a pair of animal bones, or pieces of wood or similar material; played by holding them between the fingers and moving the wrist in such a way that they clap against one another)  iA folk clapper consisting of a pair of animal bones, or pieces of wood or similar material, held between the fingers.00638nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001500128562001200143670019000155670005000345680007300395mp2013015093DLC20140224113449.2051004|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015093  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abongos  abongo drum  wgadrum  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.:bBongos (Bongo drums: A pair of small Afro-Cuban single headed drums with conical or cylindrical hardwood shells; one of the two main drum types of Cuba)  aRandom Houseb(bongo, also called bongo drum)  iA pair of small Afro-Cuban single headed drums with hardwood shells.00650nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002400129462001400153562001200167670021700179680008400396mp2013015094DLC20140224113449.3980526|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015094  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abonkó  abonkó-enchemiyá  aenchemí  wgadrum  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(bonkó; one of four drums in the ensemble associated with the Afro-Cuban Abakwá cult; enkómo is the name used for the other three drums (cotchíerima, endóga, tétendóga))  iOne of four drums in the ensemble associated with the Afro-Cuban Abakwá cult.01619nz  a2200313n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462002000134462001600154462002100170462001800191462002400209462002100233462002200254462001900276462002700295462003000322462002700352562001500379670007100394670017800465670029600643670031200939680005401251mp2013015095DLC20140224113449.3060417|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015095  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aborder pipes  aborder bagpipes  aborderpipes  alowland bagpipes  alowland pipes  acauld wind bagpipes  acauld wind pipes  apipes, cauld wind  apipes, lowland  apipes, Scotish lowland  aScottish lowland bagpipes  aScottish lowland pipes  wgabagpipe  aCannon, R.D. Out of the flames, 2004:bt.p., p. vii (Border pipes)  aBorderpipes WWW Site, 12 Apr. 2006:bBorder Pipes - Scottish Lowland Bagpipes page (Border pipes are bellows blown, have 3 drones in a common stock & a conical bore chanter)  aHamish Moore of Dunkeld WWW Site, 12 Apr. 2006:bEssay page (Border pipes - they are bellows blown, have 3 drones issuing from a common stock & have a conical bored chanter in contrast to the parallel bore of the small pipes; the pipes were traditionally popular on both sides of the border)  aJulian Goodacre Bagpipemaker WWW Site, 12 Apr. 2006:bBorder Bagpipe page (the Border or Lowland bagpipe is a loud cauld wind pipe; Border, Lowland or "Cauld Wind" bagpipes differ from the Highland bagpipe. Their drones are set in common stock, they are usually bellows blown & have a quieter, sweeter tone)  iA bellows-blown bagpipe of the Scottish lowlands.00808nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001400130462001100144462001000155562002000165670004100185670005200226670007400278670007000352670009600422680006000518mp2013015096DLC20140224113449.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015096  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abouzouki  abouzoukee  abuzuki  abuzuq  wgaplucked lute  aTaslis, K. Bouzoukee lessons, c1976.  aMarcuseb(Buzuki; chordophone of modern Greece)  aMakhoul, N. Récital oriental à Baalbeck [SR] 1984, p1979b(Buzuk)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(bouzouki: Greek long-necked lute)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bbouzouki (Greek long-necked lute, also found in Ireland.)  iA plucked long-necked lute of the Mediterranean Region.00407nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113562003100128680008800159681002600247mp201301509720140224113449.4130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015097  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abowed lute  wgabowed string instrument  iAn unspecified bowed string instrument of the Sachs-Hornbostel lute classification.  iReference underalute02770nz  a2200301n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002800117462002100145462003000166462001800196462002300214462000900237462000900246562002700255562002500282670033500307670020900642670022600851670026301077670083701340670020102177680005602378681003402434mp2013015098DLC20140224113449.5070501|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015098  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abowed string instrument  abowed instrument  abowed stringed instrument  abowed strings  afretted instrument  alira  alyra  wgafriction instrument  wgastring instrument  aZeyringer, F. Die Viola da braccio, c1988:bp. 258 (Viola da braccio: In 16th c. general name for an arm-held string instrument; in 17th c., family name; in 18th c. a designation for the middle-voice instrument of the viola da braccio family; today, meaning has reverted to the generic definition of an arm-held string instrument)  aNew Harvardb(Viola da braccio: in 16th and 17th c., a bowed string instrument played on the arm rather than on or bet. legs; thus, any of several instruments of the violin family, as distinct from viols)  aNew Grove instrumentsb(Viola da braccio: 16th- and 17th c. term for a member of vln. family or, more precisely, generic term for bowed str. ins. played on the arm as opposed to one played bet. the knees (viola da gamba))  aMarcuseb(Viola da braccio: It.: arm viola; 16th-17th c. designation of instrs. of the violin family, as opposed to viola da gamba family; during 17th c. the term became reserved for the alto instr., our viola, still called Bratsche (from braccio) in German)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 30, 2007:bUnder Lyra ii (term used for various instruments, most often string instruments; "lyra" and "lira" in medieval and Renaissance writings designated various string instruments as well as the ancient Greek lyra); under Fiddle (generic term for any chordophone played with a bow; colloquially often used for a member of the violin family. During the Middle ages and early Renaissance the medieval versions of the word were used not only for bowed instruments in general but also for one particular type known today as the "medieval fiddle." To decide which instrument was meant requires an awareness of the date, the instruments, applicable, and the content) under Fret (A strip of gut, bone, ivory, wood or metal, placed across the fingerboard of certain bowed and plucked instruments)  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bunder Bow (flexible stick of wood or a tube (bamboo) held under tension by a string or strings, usually of horsehair, used to draw sound from a string instrument)  iAn unspecified string instrument played with a bow.  iNote underastring instrument00527nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002200113462002500135462002600160462001700186562002700203562001800230670010900248mp201301509920140224113449.5130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015099  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aboy soprano voice  aboy soprano (singer)  asoprano, boy (singer)  atreble voice  wgachild soprano voice  wgamale voice  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bUnder Soprano (also used for a boy's treble voice (‘boy soprano’))00773nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001200132670040400144680007900548mp2013015100DLC20140224113449.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015100  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abrass band  wgaband  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bbrass band (A group of instruments. The term was originally used for any group, but today there is a somewhat snobbish distinction between orchestras and bands. Brass bands use only cup-mouthpiece instruments (as well as percussion). Concert or wind bands, often now called wind orchestras, include all the winds and percussion and are derived from military bands.)  iA large ensemble consisting of brass instruments and sometimes percussion.00548nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001600136462003000152462002200182562002100204680010600225681003500331mp2013015101DLC20140224113449.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015101  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abrass ensemble  abrass choir  abrass instrument ensemble  abrass instruments  wgawind ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of diverse brass instruments that cannot be described by a more specific term.  iReference underawind ensemble00739nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562002300138670039500161680003700556mp2013015102DLC20140224113449.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015102  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abrass instrument  wgawind instrument  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bbrass instrument (family of lip-reed instruments, including brasswinds...A brass instrument is essentially tubular, sounded by the player exhaling through vibrated lips applied to one end of the tube. The term ‘brass instrument’ does not denote the material of construction, which is most commonly metal but can be of wood, plastic, etc. or composite.)  iAn unspecified brass instrument.00664nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462002200133462001700155562002800172670004000200670018400240680005800424mp2013015103DLC20140224113449.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015103  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abronze drum  abronze kettledrum  adrum, bronze  wgapercussion idiophone  aWen, Y. Ku tʻung ku tʻu lu, 1957.  aGrove music online, October 29, 2013b(bronze drum, a bronze idiophone (sometimes called bronze kettledrum) with a bronze tympanum instead of a skin head; origins in ancient Asia)  iA drum with a bronze tympanum instead of a skin head.00457nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002000127670017600147mp2013015104DLC20140224113449.7021212|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015104  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abugle  wganatural horn  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bbugle (Valveless brass or copper instr. of treble pitch, with wide tube of conical bore, moderate sized bell, and cup-shaped mouthpiece.)00960nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001800134562001400152670011000166670012900276670032800405680004500733mp2013015105DLC20140224113449.7960415|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015105  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abulbultarang  abulbul tarang  wgazither  aPālacantrarāju, E. Pulpultārā vācikkak kar̲r̲ukkoḷḷuṅkaḷ, 1993b(usage: Bulbultarang)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Bulbultarang; Bulbultala; plucked board zither with a mechanized keyboard of India)  aWikipedia, October 29, 2013b(bulbul tarang, instrument with two sets of strings (drone and melody) and keys which fret the strings; strings can be bowed or plucked with a pick; sometime known as "Indian banjo" or "Japan banjo"; similar instruments benju (Pakistan), kottafoshi (Maldives), medolin (Fijian Indian diaspora))  iAn Indian zither with a button keyboard.01053nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001500133562002200148670006800170670011400238670003000352670002600382670003700408670027800445680011200723mp2013015106DLC20140224113449.7970806|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015106  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abull-roarer  abullroarer  wgafree aerophone  aZerries, O. The bull-roarer among South American Indians, 1953.  aNew Groveb(Bullroarer; the term bullroarer was universally adopted in 1880 as the technical term in English)  aBritannicab(Bull-roarer)  aWeb. 3b(bull-roarer)  aNew Harvard dict.b(bull-roarer)  aHarvard dictionary of music, 2003b(bull-roarer; instrument made by attaching a flat, narrow, elongated object to a string and whirling it overhead. As it circles the player, it rotates on its own axis, causing the air to vibrate and producing a roaring or screaming sound)  iAn instrument consisting of a flat, narrow, elongated object attached to a string that is whirled overhead.02044nz  a2200301n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002100129462002300150462001900173462001000192462002000202462002200222462001200244562003100256562002000287670010500307670027500412670008700687670034000774670040201114670010001516680012601616mp2013015107DLC20140224113449.8000922|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015107  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abumbass  abasse de Flandre  abladder and string  abladder fiddle  abumba  afiddle, bladder  aFlandre, basse de  apoispil  wgabowed string instrument  wgastick zither  aEhrenwerth, M. Teufelgeige und ländliche Musikkapellen in Westfalen, 1992b(Bumbass; Teufelsgeige)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Bumbass; basse de Flandre; bowed monochord or stick zither consisting of a heavy gut string attached at each end to a long wooden pole and stretched over a pig's bladder; sounded with a notched stick or sometimes a horsehair bow)  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(Bladder and string; bumbass; basse de Flandre; bumba)  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bbumbass (bowed monochord consisting of a heavy gut string attached at each end to a long wooden pole and stretched over a pig’s bladder. It is sounded with a notched stick or sometimes a horsehair bow and used in many parts of Europe to provide a droning rhythmic accompaniment to folksong or dance)  aHarvard dictionary of music, 2003b(Bladder and string; bumbass; basse de Flandre; bumba; stringed instrument consisting of a single gut string fastened at both ends to a curved stick, with an inflated animal bladder inserted between them that keeps the string taut and serves as a resonator; scraped with a horsehair bow or a notched stick; known widely in Europe since at least the 17th century)  aWikipedia, October 30, 2013b(under bladder fiddle; bumbass; poispil; European folk instrument)  iA European folk instrument consisting of a single gut string fastened to a curved stick with an animal-bladder resonator.00663nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117462002100142462002700163462001500190562001700205670008000222670004800302670011900350mp2013015108DLC20140224113449.8991229|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015108  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abutton-key accordion  abutton accordion  abutton box (accordion)  asqueezebox  wgaaccordion  aWatson, R. Handbook for melodeon, c1981b(Melodeon, a button-key accordion)  aNew Groveb(button-key models of accordion)  aThe Button Box WWW Home Page, Dec. 29, 1999b(button accordions: often called button box, squeezebox, or melodeon)02192nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001100113462000900124462001400133462001400147462001400161462001900175462001100194462001400205562003500219670038500254670018600639670031300825670013401138670018401272670012501456670013501581670018601716mp201301510920140224113449.9130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015109  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acabaca  aagbe  aaggüé  aatcheré  achekeré  aguiro (rattle)  asekere  ashekeré  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aNew Grove Online March 25, 2013:b(Cabaca [afoxê, afuxê, cabasa, cabaza, sekere, shekere] natural or synthetic round or pear-shaped gourd covered with a network of beads and finishing in a single handle...important instrument in the Latin American dance band and and similar rhythmic ensemble, in the late 20th century increasingly being used in contemporary orchestral music)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bGüiro (The name is also applied to the Atcheré, a large rattle with external strikers, used for religious rites of the Afro-Cuban Lucumí cult)  a98-183428: El acheré y los chekeré, c1995:bp. 5 (a percussion instrument consisting of a gourd covered with a loose netting into which the strikers have been woven) p. 12 (also known as ágbe, ággüe, or aggüé but its more precise name is shekeré or chekeré) p. 13 (sing. form: el chekeré)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(chekeré; Afro-Cuban rattle, made of a large gourd or tinplate, with external strikers)  aNew Grove Online March 25, 2013:bunder Sekere [shekere] (Gourd vessel rattle of the Yoruba people of Nigeria. It has external strikers, consisting of a network of cowrie shells.)  aOrtiz, F. El acheré y los chekeré, c1995:bp. 5 (a type of maraca, generally peduncular in shape; pl.: los acheré)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(atcheré; also, acheré, güiro; a large gourd rattle of the Afro-Cuban Lucumí cult)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bGüiro (The name is also applied to the Atcheré, a large rattle with external strikers, used for religious rites of the Afro-Cuban Lucumí cult)00934nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562002800129670019000157670005400347670017400401670011700575680006000692mp2013015110DLC20140224113449.9980825|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015110  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acajón  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 98-187923: Ortiz, F. El catá, el cajón, c1995:bp. 21, etc. (a wooden box drum, constructed, for instance, from shipping crates; played with the hands; pl. form: cajones)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(cajón)  aWikipedia, March 21, 2013:bcajón (a box-shaped percussion instrument originally from Peru, played by slapping the front face (generally thin plywood) with the hands.)  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bUnder Peru (the Afro-Peruvian cajón (wooden-box drum played with the hands).  iA Latin American wooden box drum played with the hands.01720nz  a2200301n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113462001300126462001500139462001400154462001500168462001300183462001300196462001500209462001400224462001400238462001200252462001700264462002700281562002000308670023900328670048900567670023601056680012601292mp201301583120140224113449.9131102|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015831  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acalichon  acalachon  acalascione  acalchedon  acallichone  acolachon  agalizona  agallichone  agallichon  agallizona  amandora  amandorlauten  acolascione (bass lute)  wgaplucked lute  aBrescianello, G.A. The 18 sonatas for gallichone, 1996:binsert (Mandora, Mandorlauten, colascione, colachon, calachon, callichone, calchedon, gallizona, etc. all pertain to the same type of instrument: the gallichone of Brescianello)  aGrove music online, October 31, 2013b(calichon (mandora, gallichon); variant spellings: gallichona, Gallischon, Gallischona, gallichone, gallichane, galizona, galizono, galiziono, gallicono, calichon, colachon, caliciono, colocion, calachon, calcedon, calzedono, callezono; type of bass lute used for continuo and solos in late 17th through 19th centuries, especially in Germany and Austria; six to eight courses; the term "mandora" also includes the smaller form tuned a 4th higher)  aWikipedia, October 31, 2013:bmandora (under Bass instrument: a large bass lute, better known as gallichone (galizona, galichon); 6 to 8 courses, used mainly for continuo in Germany, Austria, and Bohemia in 18th and 19th centuries)  iA bass lute with six to eight courses used primarily for continuo in 18th and 19th century Germany, Austria, and Bohemia.00678nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002400130670013300154670015200287680008100439mp2013015111DLC20140224113450.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015111  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acalliope  wgamechanical organ  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bcalliope (musical instrument intended for outdoor use and operated by steam or compressed air)  aHarvard dictionary of music, 2003b(instrument consisting of tuned steam whistles played from a keyboard or operated by a barrel-and-pin mechanism)  iAn outdoor mechanical musical instrument consisting of tuned steam whistles.01276nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001800131670021400149670052900363675008500892680012900977mp2013015112DLC20140224113450.1010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015112  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acampanula  wgabowed lute  a95754991: Denhoff, M. Circula el tiempo : für 4-1 Violoncelli (Campanulen):bt.p. verso (einem Cello-ähnlichen Streichinstrument mit 12-16 Resonanzsaiten; includes name and address of the luthier-inventor)  aHelmut Bleffert MusikiInstrumentenbau WWW site, April 4, 2013:b(developed [the campanula] after I was awarded with a contract to design an instrument after the model of a plant. I took the campanula (bell flower) as the ideal; buil[t] in all sizes; four playable strings are tuned the same way as with a cello, the measure of string length is identical as well. Additionally, there are 16 resonating strings wich are spread across the whole body of the campanula and may be tuned with pegs applied at the foot of the neck.)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments;aWeb. 3;aNew Grove dict. of mus. online  iA modern bowed string instrument invented by Helmut Bleffert that is like a cello but with 16 additional resonating strings.00434nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001200130562002700142670011900169mp2013015113DLC20140224113450.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015113  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acarillon  wgabell  wgakeyboard instrument  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bcarillon (set of stationary, tuned bronze bells played…using a baton keyboard)00441nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002800131670014800159mp2013015114DLC20140224113450.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015114  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acastanets  wgaconcussion idiophone  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bcastanets (Percussion (strictly concussion) instruments of indefinite pitch, primarily associated with Spain)01213nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001100131462001000142562002800152670023800180670005300418670026700471670015800738680012300896mp2013015115DLC20140224113450.2090407|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015115zsh2007001609  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acatá  ahueco  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 98187923: Ortiz, F. El catá, el cajón, c1995:bp. 5 (called "catá" in eastern Cuba; made of a piece of hardwood tree trunk, hollowed out, open at both ends, placed horizontally, and struck with two wooden drumsticks)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(catá)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(percussion tube of E. Cuba, consisting of a trunk of mahogany or other hardwood, open at both ends, laid horizontally on a stand, and beaten with 2 sticks; modern ones are considerably smaller than older ones; also called hueco)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 7, 2009:bunder Dominican Republic/African influence (... and/or a stick beaten on the drum body (catá, maraca))  iA Cuban percussion instrument consisting of a hollowed-out tree trunk open at both ends and struck with wooden sticks.01313nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001000132462001400142462001200156462001200168462002100180462001500201562002000216670009100236670026100327670024900588670015300837680006900990mp2013015116DLC20140224113450.2990503|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015116  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acavaquinho  abraga  abraguinha  amachada  amachete  amachete-de-braga  amachetinho  wgaplucked lute  aCazes, H. Desde que o choro é choro--, 1995:bcontainer (cavaquinho; soprano guitar)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(cavaquinho; plucked lute of Portugal and Brazil, midway between a guitar and a mandolin; in Hawaii, evolved into the ukulele; in Central America and the West Indies, evolved into the cuatro; also known as machete or machada)  aEncicl. da musica brasileirab(cavaquinho; four-stringed plucked chordophone constructed like a mandolin but with single rather than double courses; also braguinha, braga, machete, machetinho, machete-de-braga; esp. popular in choros ensembles)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975b(cavaquinho; small, four stringed cavaco (a Portuguese hybrid of guitar and mandolin); also known as machete)  iA small four-stringed plucked instrument of Portugal and Brazil.00566nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113562001700127670016500144680012300309mp201301511720140224113450.3130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015117  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acelebrant  wgaperformer  aWeb. 3:bcelebrant (1. one who celebrates a public religious rite; 2. one who takes part in ceremonious or convivial festivities celebrating a special occasion)  iA performer who celebrates a rite or special occasion and is explicitly required in the performance of a musical work.00603nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562002700129562002800156670027300184mp2013015118DLC20140224113450.3040227|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015118  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acelesta  wgakeyboard instrument  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(celesta: a keyboard inst. in the form of a small upright piano ... in which metal plates (usually steel) suspended over resonating boxes are struck by hammers and sustained after the manner of piano action; classified as a metallophone)00422nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113462001700128562002900145680011400174mp201301511920140224113450.3130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015119  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acell phone  amobile phone  wgaelectronic instrument  iA mobile phone used as a musical instrument that is explicitly required in the performance of a musical work.00718nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001600127462001600143562001800159670013500177670014100312670008300453mp2013015120DLC20140224113450.4010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015120  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acello  abass violin  avioloncello  wgabowed lute  aRDA Toolkit, viewed online Dec. 5, 2012bLC-PCC PS for 6.15.1.6 RDA (LC practice: use the following instrument names: cello [...])  aNew Grove dict. of music online (Jan. 22, 2013)b(The bass instrument of the violin family. It was known originally as the bass violin.)  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bcello (bass instrument of the violin family)00377nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001600136562002900152680005000181mp2013015121DLC20140224113450.4021104|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015121  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acello ensemble  acello choir  wgabowed string ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more cellos.00793nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001800129670029600147670012100443680007100564mp2013015122DLC20140224113450.4100922|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015122  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acellone  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: Summit Chamber Players. Homage to Stelzner [SR] 2005:blabel (cellone) insert (a large cello invented by Alfred Stelzner, having four strings tuned in fifths a fourth below the cello; its body length (77 cm.) and its breadth slightly exceed those of a cello, but it sounds deeper)  aGrove music online, Apr. 8, 2009b(under Krug, Arnold: cellone, an instrument between the cello and the double bass)  iA large cello-like instrument tuned a fourth lower than the cello.00985nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001600132462001600148462001800164462001500182562001200197670005100209670016100260670002700421670021800448680008900666mp2013015356DLC20140224113450.5901010|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015356  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aIrish harp  aCeltic harp  aGaelic harp  aScottish harp  aWelsh harp  wgaharp  aHeymann, A. Secrets of the Gaelic harp, c1989.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bv. 1, p. 406 (Clàrsach; Scottish Gaelic term for the Celtic (or Irish) harp, cognate with the Irish cláirseach)  aLC data base, 9/19/90.  aNew Grove Online March 23, 2013:b(Since 1819 the term Irish harp has been applied to various small, lightly built, gut-strung harps used in solo and ensemble performances of Irish and other Celtic-derived music.)  iUse for a variety of small, gut-string harps used in Celtic or Celtic-derived music.00610nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562001800136670021500154680009500369mp2013015123DLC20140224113450.5030827|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015123  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acembal d'amour  wgaclavichord  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, July 25, 2003b(invented by Gottfried Silbermann about 1720; clavichord with strings of approximately twice the normal length struck by the tangents precisely at their mid-point)  iA large clavichord on which the strings are struck by tangents at their precise mid-point.01036nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001400131462001600145462001100161462001100172462002600183562001200209670009800221670010300319670009800422670019400520680008000714mp2013015830DLC20140224113450.5960408|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015830  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aceṇḍa  aceṇḍe  aceṇṭā  achande  achenda  acheṇḍamēḷaṃ  wgadrum  aVāriyar, P.E. Kēraḷīya mēḷakala, Ceṇḍamēḷaṃ, 1992:bt.p. verso (Chenda)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments, 1984b(ceṇḍa; ceṇḍe: Double-headed drum of Kerala)  aGrove music online, March 22, 2013:b(under India/The Region: ceṇṭā (cylindrical drum))  aWikipedia, Oct. 30, 2013b(under Chenda: cylindrical percussion instrument used widely in the state of Kerala, and Tulu Nadu of Karnataka State in India; in Tulu Nadu it is known as chande)  iA cylindrical drum used widely in the Kerala and Karnataka states of India.00918nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001100132462001500143462001200158562003300170562001900203670009000222670006200312670007500374670014500449680009400594mp2013015124DLC20140224113450.6010807|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015124  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ačhakhē  aja-kae  ajàkhây  ajakhē  wgaplucked string instrument  wgatube zither  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Čhakhē; jakhē; plucked tube zither of Thailand)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Čhakhē; Jàkhây; Jakhē)  aPakō̜n Rō̜tchāngphư̄an. Dīeo-- čhakhē, 199-b(ja-kae)  aNew Grove Online March 21, 2013:bunder Thailand (plucked zither čhakhē has three strings, two made of silk and the third made of brass)  iA plucked zither of Thailand with three strings, two made of silk and the third of brass.00703nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001700131462001800148562003000166670028300196680005400479mp2013015125DLC20140224113450.6010327|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015125  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achalumeau  amock trumpet  atrumpet, mock  wgasingle reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, March 1, 2001b(single-reed instrument of predominantly cylindrical bore, related to the clarinet; keyless chalumeau apparently known in England as the mock trumpet; originally and to the end of the 17th century denoted a pipe or bagpipe chanter)  iA single-reed instrument related to the clarinet.01281nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001300131670081500144680013300959681003101092mp2013015126DLC20140224113450.7030512|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015126  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achamadron  wgaorgan  aWork cat.: 2001547569: Starke, M.J. Three pieces for chamadron, c1999:bverso, p. 4 (The chamadron is a type of pipe organ consisting of reed pipes arranged on a track so as to project horizontally through louvers in a church tower when played, and to retract for protection from the elements. The only existing example of the instrument as of 1996 (in the Hervormde Church, Havelte, Netherlands) has 50 copper pipes controlled from a keyboard consisting of one manual and pedalboard. It was invented by Cornelius Roubos, an organist in Zweeloo, Netherlands, in 1988. The name "chamadron" comes from the French "en chamade" which designates horizontal placement of reed pipes, typically the horizontally projecting trumpet stops of Spanish organs. The instrument has antecedents in the 13th and 18th centuries)  iA organ consisting of reed pipes projected horizontally through louvers in a church tower that was invented in the 20th century.  iReference underaorchestra00469nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117562001700139670013600156681003100292mp2013015127DLC20140224113450.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015127  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achamber orchestra  wgaorchestra  aNew Grove Online March 22, 2013:bchamber orchestra (small orchestra of a few strings on each part and selected woodwind and brass)  iReference underaorchestra00982nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001800135562001300153670010800166670015600274670009000430670028000520mp2013015128DLC20140224113450.7991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015128  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achamber organ  acabinet organ  wgaorgan  aWork cat.: Gierveld, A.J. Antieke Nederlandse huisorgels uit het bezit van Dirk Andries Flentrop, 1990.  aNew Grove dict. mus. instrumentsb(Chamber organ (Cabinet organ, cabinet d'orgue, orgue de chambre, orgue de salon, Hausorgel, Kammerorgel, huisorgel))  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975b(Chamber organ (Cabinet d'orgue, Kammerorgel))  aNew Groveb(Chamber organ (Cabinet d'orgue, Kammerorgel). Usually refers to organs built in an upright cabinet. Distinguished from portative, regals, table organ, and fixed church positive; "cabinet organ" is a more suitable name and is much used by German and Dutch writers)00610nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129462001200142462001200154462001700166562002200183670016400205680004700369mp2013015129DLC20140224113450.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015129  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achanggo  achang go  achanggu  aseyo go  asŏlchanggo  wgahourglass drum  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(changgo: double-headed hourglass drum, the chief percussion inst. of Korea. Also known as changgu, sŏlchanggo, and seyogo)  iA double-headed hourglass drum from Korea.00707nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113462001900132562001800151670013500169670005000304670011100354680007200465mp201301513020140224113450.8130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015130  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achanging voice  acambiata voice  wgamale voice  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bunder Cambiata (In American usage ‘cambiata’ denotes the changing voice of an adolescent boy)  aLCDB:b(changing voice; boy's changing voice)  aEdition Peters WWW site, April 9, 2013:b(Changing Voices- Songs within an octave for teenage male voices)  iA male adolescent singer whose voice is in the process of changing.00821nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002000130670006500150670008400215670004000299670015100339680014900490mp2013015131DLC20140224113450.9861103|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015131  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acharango  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: Caballero Araujo, B.A. El charango peruano, 198-.  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst., 1984b(Charango, small guitar of the Andean region)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975.  aNew Grove Online March 25, 2013:bcharango (Small fretted lute of the Andean regions of Bolivia, central and southern Peru and northern Argentina)  iA small fretted plucked-string instrument of the Andean region with a bowl made of an armadillo shell or of wood shaped like an armadillo shell.01238nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129462001300141462001500154462001100169462001000180462001100190562001500201670014600216670008400362670009700446670020400543670017500747680005000922mp2013015133DLC20140224113450.9970404|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015133  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achiboni  achimoni  ačiboni  agudastviri  astviri  atulum  atulumi  wgabagpipe  aWork cat.: 90-151789: Msxalaże, A. Kʻartʻuli xalxuri sakravieri musikis istoriidan, 1969:bt.p. (Čiboni) colophon (Russ. name: Chiboni)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Chiboni; bagpipe of Adjaria in Georgia, U.S.S.R.)  aMarcuseb(Chiboni; tulum (mouth-blown bagpipe of Turkey) found in Adzhar, Georgia, U.S.S.R.)  aNew Grove Online March 25, 2013:bunder Georgia (Republic of): the chiboni or chimoni (a type of bagpipe); under Bagpipe (Georgia (gudastviri) and neighbouring regions of the Caucasus (chiboni etc.).  aWikipedia, March 25, 2013:bunder gudastviri (droneless, double-chantered, horn-belled bagpipe played in Georgia...In some regions, called the chiboni, stviri, or tulumi)  iA droneless bagpipe from the Caucasus region.00377nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113462002700137462002800164562002100192562001800213mp201301513420140224113451.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015134  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achild soprano voice  achild soprano (singer)  asoprano, child (singer)  wgachild's voice  wgahigh voice00261nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113562001400137mp201301513520140224113451.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015135  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achildren’s chorus  wgachorus00286nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113462001900131562001400150mp201301513620140224113451.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015136  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achild's voice  achild (singer)  wgasinger00654nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562001200128670033400140680003400474mp2013015137DLC20140224113451.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015137  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achimes  wgabell  aNew Grove Online March 25, 2013:bchimes (generic term for a set of idiophones consisting of hollow, open tubes which, when struck at one end, emit a sound of definite pitch...may now refer to a set of bells large or small, hung indoors or out, provided they are of limited range, are fastened stationary and are struck to sound)  iAn unspecified set of chimes.00799nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117562002800137670009100165670004500256670027400301680005400575mp2013015138DLC20140224113451.2930723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015138  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aching (cymbals)  wgaconcussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Ching; lists a Korean gong and a Thai pair of cymbals)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Ching; Chìng)  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:bbunder South-east Asia (In the music of mainland South-east Asia...the duple rhythm is marked by the sound of a small set of hand cymbals (Myanmar: sì, yagwìn; Thailand: ching, etc.));under Pin peat (ching (a pair of small cymbals)  iA small pair of hand cymbals from Southeast Asia.00526nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113562001200130670021100142680003900353mp201301513920140224113451.2130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015139  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aching (gong)  wgagong  aNew Grove Online March 25, 2013:bching (Large, lipped flat bronze gong of Korea. It is also variously called taegǔm (‘large gong’), kǔm (‘gong’), na (‘gong’) or kǔmna (‘metal gong’).)  iA large flat bronze gong of Korea.00866nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001600132562001700148562003300165670006700198670012900265670021100394680006700605mp2013015140DLC20140224113451.3990427|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015140  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achipendani  atshipendani  wgamouth bow  wgaplucked string instrument  aWork cat.: 99179802: Brenner, K.P. Chipendani und Mbira, 1997.  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(chipendani [tshipendani]: braced mouth bow of the Shona (Karanga, Zazuru) peoples of Zimbabwe)  aHuwiler, K. Musical instruments of Africa, 1995:bp. 13 (chipendani, musical bow: the characteristic of chipendani is that the string is plucked and the mouth is used for amplification to produce harmonics)  iA mouth-resonated musical bow of the Shona people of Zimbabwe.01067nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132462001400146562003000160670008700190670017400277670008100451670026000532680006900792mp2013015141DLC20140224113451.3110902|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015141  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achirimía  achirisuya  axirimía  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: Gandarias, I. de. La feria fantástica, p1997:bcontainer (Chirimía)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(chirimía; shawm, classified as an oboe; a folk instrument played in most areas of Spain and the New World; Catalan spelling, Xirimía)  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(chirimía: a shawm of Spain and Latin America)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, viewed on Music online, Oct. 30, 2013:bv. 2 (under Distribution, symbolism and use of music instruments: the shawn, known as chirimía in Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico and chirimía and chirisuya in Peru)  iA double-reed folk instrument played in Spain and Latin America.00857nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462002200139562001400161670006600175670012300241670024100364680007000605mp2013015142DLC20140224113451.4990122|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015142  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achitarra battente  aguitare en bateau  wgaguitar  aWork cat.: 98219247: Caliendo, C. La chitarra battente, 1998.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(Chitarra battente (guitare en bateau): guitar of southern Italy; played with a plectrum)  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:b(The chitarra battente or plectrum (‘beaten’) guitar of the 17th and 18th centuries; under Chitarra (chitarra battente, 5-course metal-strung guitar with fixed metal frets and played with plectrum.)  iA five-course metal-strung guitar of 17th and 18th century Italy.00264nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002700113562001400140mp201301514420140224113451.4130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015144  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achorus changing voices  wgachorus00321nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562002200128680003700150mp2013015143DLC20140224113451.4080922|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015143  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  achorus  wgavocal ensemble  iAn unspecified chorus of voices.01061nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562002000134670005200154670036500206670014300571670010400714680007300818mp201301514820140224113451.5120126|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015148  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acigar box guitar  wgaplucked lute  a2011041194: Sutton, D. Cigar box guitars, 2012.  aWikipedia, Oct. 4, 2011:bThe cigar box guitar is a primitive chordophone that uses an empty cigar box for a resonator. ... The earliest predecessors had one or two strings compared with the three or more used in today's models. Generally speaking, strings are connected between the end of a broomstick or 1" x 3" wood slat and to the resonator, the cigar box.  aCigarboxnation.com, Oct. 4, 2011:bresource for cigar box guitars, including construction, lessons, events, groups, forums, and community.  aNew Grove Online March 22, 2013:bunder Christian, Charlie (built and played cigar-box ‘guitars')  iA guitar-like instrument that has an empty cigar box as a resonator.01125nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462002200130462001300152462001300165462003300178462003200211462001300243462001300256562001600269670007500285670006000360670005800420670007900478670008600557670012100643680007100764mp2013015149DLC20140224113451.5031113|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015149  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acimbalom  acymbal (cimbalom)  acymbalom  acymbalum  ahammered dulcimer, Hungarian  aHungarian hammered dulcimer  akimbalom  atsymbaly  wgadulcimer  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Cimbalom)  aNew Groveb(cimbalom (kimbalom); box zither of Hungary)  aBandera, M.J. The tsymbaly maker and his craft, 1991.  aNew Grove musical instrumentsb(Tsymbaly. Ukrainian term for the Cimbalom)  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(cimbalom: either of two types of Hungarian dulcimer)  aAllaga, G. Hungarian concerto for cimbalom, p1999:bcontainer insert (Hungarian hammered dulcimer; cymbal; cymbalum)  iA Hungarian hammered dulcimer used in both folk and concert music.00563nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001400130562003300144670008600177670004800263680008200311mp2013015150DLC20140224113451.5070329|| annnnbbbn          |a ana        amp2013015150  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acitaharp  wgazither  wgaplucked string instrument  aWork cat.: Audet, F.X. Practical self-instructor for playing the citaharp, c1902.  aLC database:b(Audet, F.X. Citaharp method)  aA zither produced by the Audet Music Co. of Boston in the early 20th century.01292nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129562001200141670020300153670002200356670004200378670064000420680003801060mp2013015151DLC20140224113451.5070326|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015151  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acithara  akithara  wgalyre  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(kithara (cithara): the most important string inst. of Greco-Roman antiquity. Like the lyre it was distinguished from most string instruments by the absence of a neck)  aWeb. 3b(cithara)  aRandom Houseb(kithara; also cithara)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 26, 2007b(A large lyre with wooden soundboard (it is classified as a Chordophone). When the term was first used in ancient Greece, it mostly referred to the large flat-based lyre that shown on Attic vase paintings of the period c625-400 bce; this instrument is now usually known as the "concert" kithara. The term has also been used more broadly in modern scholarly literature to designate a variety of large lyres, and has even been applied to large flat-based lyres outside Greece. In addition to the concert kithara there are the "Thamyras" and "Italiote" kitharas and the "cylinder" kithara)  iA large lyre from ancient Greece.01128nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129462001200142462001300154562002000167670004600187670005300233670003800286670050800324680007800832mp2013015152DLC20140224113451.6010531|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015152  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acittern  acitharen  acithren  acittharn  wgaplucked lute  aWeb. 3b(cittern, or cithern, or cithren)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(cittern [cithren])  aNew Harvard dict. mus.b(cittern)  aNew Grove dict. mus., 2nd ed. WWW site, May. 31, 2001b(Cittern [cithren, cittharn, citharen]; (Fr. cistre; Ger. Cither, Cythar, Zister, Zitter; It. cetra, cetera, cetara; Sp. citara, cithara, citola) a plucked instrument with wire strings that achieved its greatest importance in the 16th and 17th centuries. Although it was regarded as a classical revival of the ancient Greek Kithara (from which its name derives) in Italian Renaissance humanist culture, its direct precursor was the medieval Citole)  iA wire-strung plucked instrument popular in 16th and 17th century Europe.00708nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117562002800142670029600170680009600466mp2013015153DLC20140224113451.6090407|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015153  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclapper (percussion)  wgaconcussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 7, 2009:bClappers (Concussion idiophones consisting of two or more objects in the form of sticks, plaques or vessels of wood, bone, ivory, nutshells, marine shells, etc. They may be hinged together at one end, or two may be hinged to a central piece.)  iA general term for a percussion instrument that consists of two objects that clap together.04878nz  a2200277n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113462001000128462002500138462001600163462002000179462001600199562002800215562002800243670057100271670020000842670033701042670111001379670055902489670041503048670102003463680011704483mp201301584520140224113451.7131206|| annnnbabn          |a ana     c  amp2013015845  aWaUbengcDLCelcmpt  aclapsticks  abilma  aboomerang clapsticks  aclap-sticks  aclapping sticks  amusicsticks  wgaconcussion idiophone  wgapercussion idiophone  aWikipedia, Dec. 6, 2013b(Clapstick. Clapsticks or clappers are a type of drumstick, percussion mallet or claves that are used to serve the purpose of maintaining rhythm with Aboriginal voice chants. Unlike drumsticks, which are generally used to strike a drum, clapsticks are intended for striking one stick on another. As an ancestral instrument that may traditionally accompany the didgeridoo, it is sometimes referred to as musicstick or just Stick. In the language of the Yolngu Aborigines of Northeast Arnhem Land, Australia these clapsticks are called bimli.)  aList of musical instruments, via Wikipedia, Dec. 6, 2013b(under Percussion instruments - Idiophones: Clapsticks. Classification: idiophones. Origin: Australia. Common classification: percussion)  aIndigenous Australian music, via Wikipedia, Dec. 6, 2013b(Clapsticks. A clapstick is a type of musical instrument that, according to western musicological classification, falls into the category of percussion. Unlike drumsticks, which are generally used to strike a drum, clapsticks are intended for striking one stick on another.)  aTraditional Aboriginal musical instruments, via WWW, Dec. 6, 2013b(Clapsticks. A singer holds a pair of wooden sticks, one in each hand. One long and slightly flattened stick is generally grasped in the middle and held flat. The other stick, more rounded and held towards the end, is brought sharply and cleanly on to the first to make a percussive rhythm. Clapsticks may be single and beaten against some other object (e.g. the ground, trees, weapons, bark) or paired and beaten against each other (in some areas stones are used instead of wood). There are two basic kinds of clapsticks: sticks, sometimes shaped according to the song items they are used for, with the smaller one beaten against the larger, and boomerangs, either used in separate hands or held in one hand so that the extremities can meet alternately, giving a rapid beat. Both forms were widely used, boomerang clapsticks being common in recent times in the north, where they were not in use as weapons and were obtained by trade. Clapsticks could be played by the lead singer, but also as a general accompaniment and often by women.)  aMake your own bilma - Australian clapsticks!, via Making multicultural music website, Dec. 6, 2013b(Clapsticks--two sticks that are tapped together--can be found in different countries all over the world. Although they all consist of two small lengths of wood tapped together, they are amazing different in how they look, sound and how they are played as part of the music from their culture of origin. In Australian Aboriginal culture, there are special clapsticks called bilma that are often used to accompany the didgeridoo when it's played; a bilma)  aMy place website, Dec. 6, 2013:bpart 2 > 1788, 1 > Meet Waruwi > Clapping sticks (Clapping sticks are a traditional Aboriginal instrument, used for percussion. Waruwi uses these sticks during ceremonies and songs. Lots of Aboriginal nations have numerous songs and dances, so clapping sticks would have been used a lot. People often decorated their clapping sticks, and the symbols used had special meanings.)  aFletcher, N.H. Australian Aboriginal musical instruments: the didjeridu, the bullroarer and the gumleaf, 2003, via WWW, Dec. 6, 2013b(In traditional use, the didjeridu, with clap-sticks for emphasis, accompanies songs or illustrates traditional stories about ancestors and animals. ... As in most cultures, the Aborigines also used percussive instruments in their ceremonies. Often these were simply two boomerangs clashed together, but they also made special shaped sticks for this purpose. Because the wood used is a fine-grained hardwood, the clapsticks are physically long-lasting and produce a sharp and well defined sound. In their usual form, these sticks are about 200mm in length and 20mm in diameter and are shaped to a long point at each end. One stick is held in each hand and they are struck together at about the mid-point of each. The pointed ends ensure that the fundamental transverse vibration has a high frequency, so that the percussive effect stands out well above the drone of the didjeridu.)  iAn Aboriginal Australian percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hardwood sticks that are struck together.00447nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001400130462002000144562003000164670009500194mp2013015154DLC20140224113451.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015154  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclarinet  aclarionet  aprimer clarinet  wgasingle reed instrument  aNew Grove Online March 29, 2013:b(Clarinet/Clarinet of Western Art Music/Clarinet family)00366nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113462002200132562002500154680005300179mp201301583720140224113451.8131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015837  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclarinet choir  aclarinet ensemble  wgawoodwind ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more clarinets.00652nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002300117462002100140462002300161562001600184670007600200670004000276670005400316670008800370mp2013015155DLC20140224113451.9870309|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015155  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclarinette d'amour  aclarinet d'amour  aclarinetto d'amore  wgaclarinet  aWork cat.: Haydn, J. Trio no. 1 in E♭, [SR] p1986b(clarinet d'amour)  aGrove dict. of musical instruments.  aMarcuseb(clarinette d'amour, clarinetto d'amore)  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:b(late 18th-century member of the clarinet family)00565nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562002800128670014000156680012300296mp2013015156DLC20140224113452.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015156  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclaves  wgaconcussion idiophone  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:bclaves (pair of short hardwood sticks, the principal time-keepers in much Latin American dance music)  iA Latin American percussion instrument consisting of a pair of short, thick, hardwood sticks that are struck together.00958nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001500132462001500147562001200162562002700174670004800201670007000249670036500319680006800684mp2013015160DLC20140224113452.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015160  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclaviharpe  aclavi-harp  akeyed harp  wgaharp  wgakeyboard instrument  aDemus, J. The romantic claviharp:bp. 1980.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(claviharpe: a type of harp-piano)  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:bunder Harp-piano (The first such instrument to have established itself seems to have been the claviharpe demonstrated by Johann Christian Dietz in Paris in 1814. The instrument was strung with gut and had three pedals, sustaining, bassoon and buff stop. Dietz and his son produced versions of this instrument until about 1890)  iA 19th century instrument that combines a harp with a keyboard.00698nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002700132562003200159562001400191670024300205680008000448mp2013015157DLC20140224113452.1020813|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015157  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclavichord  wgakeyboard instrument  wgastruck string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 13, 2002b(Clavichord: a keyboard instrument, the simplest and at the same time the most subtle and expressive of those whose sound is produced by strings rather than by pipes; classified as a box zither)  iA European keyboard instrument on which the strings are struck by tangents.00815nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462003000135462001800165562002600183562002700209670025900236680013800495mp2013015158DLC20140224113452.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015158  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclavicylinder  aeuphonium (clavicylinder)  aKlavizylinder  wgafriction idiophone  wgakeyboard instrument  aGrove music online, October 30, 2013b(under Klavizylinder: friction idiophone with keyboard in the shape of a square piano, developed in 1799 by Ernst Chladni; keys attached to curved metal rods which sound by contact with a rotating wet glass cylinder)  iA keyboard instrument invented in 1799 that sounds when curved metal rods attached to the keys contact a rotating wet glass cylinder.00835nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462002200136462002200158462001800180462001900198562001900217670006200236670017400298670005100472670002900523680005300552mp2013015159DLC20140224113452.2900821|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015159  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclavicytherium  acembalo verticale  aclavecin vertical  aklaviziterium  aklavizitherium  wgaharpsichord  aWork cat.: Nagel, K. Klavizitherium, selbst gebaut, 1987.  aNew Grove dict. musical instrumentsb(Clavicytherium (Fr.: clavecin vertical; Ger.: Klaviziterium; It.: cembalo verticale). Upright harpsichord with vertical soundboard)  aMarcuse. Musical instrumentsb(Clavicytherium)  aWeb. 3b(Clavicytherium)  iAn upright harpsichord with vertical soundboard.00920nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002700132670013100159670014900290670020700439680010400646mp2013015161DLC20140224113452.3020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015161  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclavioline  wgaelectronic keyboard  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(a monophonic three-octave piano attachment developed by Constant Martin in Versailles in 1947)  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:bunder Selmer (1954;electronic musical instruments intended to imitate a range of wind and string instruments).  aWikipedia, March 26, 2013:b(electronic keyboard instrument, a forerunner to the analog synthesizer;invented by Constant Martin in 1947; consists of a keyboard and a separate amplifier and speaker unit)  iAn electronic keyboard instrument invented in 1947 that was a forerunner to the analog synthesizer.00738nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001700132562002700149562003300176562001400209670023000223680010300453mp2013015162DLC20140224113452.3991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015162  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclaviorgan  aclaviorganum  wgakeyboard instrument  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bclaviorgan (English equivalent to the quasi-Latin claviorganum, denoting a keyboard instrument in which strings and pipes ‘sound together to produce a pleasing sound’ (Praetorius, 2/1619))  iAn instrument combining a harpsichord and an organ, in which the strings and pipes sound together.00858nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462002200134462002200156462001800178462002100196462002100217562001400238562002900252670007000281670010700351680012800458681003000586mp2013015163DLC20140224113452.4990512|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015163  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aclock chimes  abell, clock chime  abell, tower clock  achiming clock  aclock chime bell  atower clock bell  wgachimes  wgamechanical instrument  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Chimes 2 (Clock chimes))  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:bref. from chiming clock to Chimes/Clock chimes (automatic timepiece)  iA clock equipped with carillon or other chiming mechanism. For a clock equipped with a mechanical organ useamusical clock.  iNote underamusical clock01127nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117562002800141670021400169670013700383670010900520670021600629680010000845mp2013015164DLC20140224113452.5000306|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015164  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acloud chamber bowls  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 00511497: Drummond, D. Four miniatures, c1997:bt.p. (cloud chamber bowls) p. 1 (the music is obviously for a melody instrument, hence many bowls would normally be required, justifying plural usage)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bunder Partch, Harry (cloud chamber bowls, idiophone made of glass, created by Harry Partch)  aNew Grove Online March 26, 2013:bunder Experimental music (glass bottles that are played with a mallet)  aWikipedia, October 31, 2013:bList of instruments by Harry Partch (cloud chamber bowls; a set of 12-US-gallon (45 L) Pyrex bowls cut from the carboys of cloud chambers, suspended in a frame; first built in 1950)  iAn instrument invented by Harry Partch that consists of tuned glass bowls suspended in a frame.00638nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002000132670019700152680014300349mp2013015165DLC20140224113452.5970110|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015165  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acolascione  wgaplucked lute  aGrove music online, October 31, 2013b(colascione; Italian long-necked lute, with two or three courses of metal or gut strings played with a plectrum; derived from the Middle Eastern tanbūr)  iAn Italian long-neck lute derived from the Middle Eastern ṭanbūr, in which two or three courses of strings are played with a plectrum.00358nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113562002900126680008100155mp201301516620140224113452.6130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015166  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acomputer  wgaelectronic instrument  iA computer that is explicitly required in the performance of a musical work.00358nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562002900134680007300163mp201301516720140224113452.6130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015167  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acomputer printer  wgaelectronic instrument  iA printer activated by a computer and used as medium of performance.00795nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132562002800146670008900174670007600263670017100339680010300510mp2013015168DLC20140224113452.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015168  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aconcertina  asquashbox  wgabutton-key accordion  aSquashbox, p1993:bnotes (The concertina used, sometimes called the "Squashbox" ...)  aNew Groveb(concertina: a portable instrument of the reed organ family)  aNew Grove Online March 27, 2013:bconcertina (bellows-blown, hexagonal- or octagonal-shaped, Free reed instrument, with buttons parallel to the bellows on both sides)  iA button-key accordion on which the button motion is in the same direction as that of the bellows.00359nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117562002900141680005500170mp2013015169DLC20140224113452.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015169  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aconcertina ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more concertinas.00564nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002500113562002400138670016600162680010200328mp201301517020140224113452.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015170  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aconcussion idiophone  wgastruck idiophone  aGalpin Society journal, v. 14 (1961):bpage 14 (111.1, Concussion idiophones or clappers; two or more complementary sonorous parts are struck against each other)  iAn idiophone that consists of two or more complimentary sonorous parts struck against each other.00456nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002000131462002000151462001900171562001700190680007900207mp2013015171DLC20140224113452.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015171  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aconductor  adirector, music  amusic conductor  amusic director  wgaperformer  iA conductor who is also a performer, as explicitly stated by the composer.00634nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001500127462001400142562001200156670013900168670009400307680005100401mp2013015172DLC20140224113452.8051207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015172  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aconga  aconga drum  atumbadora  wgadrum  aGrove music online, October 31, 2013b(conga drum (conga); Sp. tumbadora; barrel-shaped Afro-Cuban drum usually played with the hands)  aWikipedia, October 31, 2013b(conga; tumbadora; a tall, narrow, single-headed Cuban drum)  iA tall, narrow, single-headed Afro-Cuban drum.01179nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001900130462001700149462001700166462001700183562001600200562001800216670034800234670008300582670003800665670008100703680015300784mp2013015173DLC20140224113452.8020327|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015173  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acontinuo  abasso continuo  afigured bass  athoroughbass  athrough bass  wgaensemble  wgainstrument  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Mar. 27, 2002b(Thoroughbass: the Italian and more original term "basso continuo" has now largely replaced "thoroughbass" as (1) the English term for the art of accompaniment from a figured bass line, and (2) the name or label for such a bass line when issued as an instrumental part. Basso continuo: see Continuo)  aNew Harvard dict. mus.b(thoroughbass, figured bass (Italian: basso continuo))  aWeb. 3b(thorough bass: continuo)  aAmer. heritage dict., 3rd ed.b(thoroughbass or thorough bass: see continuo)  iAn instrumental practice of the 17th and 18th centuries in which one or more instruments improvise a chordal accompaniment from a written bass line.00847nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002500113462002300138562001600161670042000177680010400597mp201301517520140224113452.9130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015175  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acontra-alto clarinet  acontralto clarinet  wgaclarinet  aWikipedia: under Clarinet (The contra-alto clarinet is higher-pitched than the contrabass and is pitched in the key of EE♭rather than BB♭. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the EE♭contrabass clarinet. The unhyphenated form "contra alto clarinet" is also sometimes used, as is "contralto clarinet", but the latter is confusing since the instrument's range is much lower than the contralto vocal range)  iAn instrument of the clarinet family pitched in E♭, a fourth higher than the contrabass clarinet.01387nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462002500141462001900166562001600185670006700201670008700268670006200355670008000417670008000497670029400577670018500871680008901056mp2013015176DLC20140224113452.9030415|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015176  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acontrabass clarinet  acontra-bass clarinet  apedal clarinet  wgaclarinet  aHeim, N.M. Invocation, c1993:bt.p. (for contra-bass clarinet)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(contrabass clarinet, sometimes called pedal clarinet)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Contrabass clarinet)  a2001545331: Ritter, R. Long, long ago, c1999b(B-flat contra-bass clarinet)  a2001545332: Ritter, R. Long, long ago, c1999b(E-flat contra-alto clarinet)  aGrovemusic.com WWW site, Apr. 15, 2003b(Contrabass clarinet: A member of the clarinet family pitched two octaves below the soprano clarinet in B♭ (or one below the B♭ bass clarinet) or an octave below the alto clarinet (in E♭). The B♭ variety is sometimes called "pedal clarinet")  aNew Grove Online March 29, 2013:bunder Clarinet/Clarinet of Western Art Music/Clarinet family (Contrabass (pedal) clarinets,E♭from late 19th century, B♭from late 19th century)  iAn instrument of the clarinet family pitched two octaves below the soprano clarinet.00775nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562001300138670011000151670018700261670008500448670007200533mp2013015177DLC20140224113452.9990930|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015177  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acontrabass flute  wgaflute  aWork cat.: 99-192214: Michael, F. Una cavatina, c1996b(flauto subbasso solo in sol; Subbassflöte in G)  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.:bunder Flute (about 1925, Gino Bartoli of Milan devised a flute in C, which he called a contrabass flute; this is simply a large Boehm-system instrument)  aContrabass.com WWW site, Sept. 30, 1999b(mentions contrabass flutes in C and G)  aNew Grove Online March 29, 2013:bunder Flute (U-shaped instrument)00457nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113562001600137670018200153mp201301517820140224113453.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015178  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acontrabass recorder  wgarecorder  aNew Grove Online March 29, 2013:bunder Recorder (contrabass (F)…also called great bass; New Harv.: under Recorder (The modern recorder family…contrabass ([lowest pitch] f])00265nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002500113562001700138mp201301517920140224113453.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015179  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acontrabass saxophone  wgasaxophone00303nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001900135562001500154mp2013015180DLC20140224113453.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015180  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acontrabassoon  adouble bassoon  wgabassoon00504nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113462002600127562003000153670018700183mp201401500120140224113453.1140130|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2014015001  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acornamusa  acornemuse (cornamusa)  wgadouble reed instrument  aGrove music online, Jan. 9, 2014:b(Cornamusa; cornemuse; wind-cap instrument of the 16th adn early 17th centuries; like a straight, quiet crumhorn; more or less restricted to Italy)00555nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001400128562002400142670013300166680009800299mp2013015183DLC20140224113453.1021212|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015183  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acornet  acornopean  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bcornet (valved brass wind instrument of contralto or soprano pitch developed in the late 1820s)  iA valved brass instrument of contralto or soprano pitch that was developed in the late 1820s.00328nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113562002200133680005100155mp201301518420140224113453.2120424|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015184  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acornet ensemble  wgabrass ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more cornets.01083nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001400129462002300143462001200166462001300178462000900191562002400200670022200224670027800446680014100724mp2013015185DLC20140224113453.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015185  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acornett  acornaboux  acornet à bouquin  acorneta  acornetto  azink  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Cornett, cornaboux, cornet à bouquin, zink, cornetto, corneta; a wooden, lip-vibrated wind instrument with finger holes and a cup-shaped mouthpiece, classified as a valveless trumpet)  aWikipedia, October 31, 2013b(cornett, cornetto, or zink; an early wind instrument popular from 1500-1650; sound produced by lip vibrations against a cup mouthpiece; consists of a conical wooden pipe covered in leather with fingerholes and a small horn or ivory mouthpiece)  iAn wind instrument popular in the 16th and 17th centuries that consists of a conical wooden pipe with finger holes and a cup mouthpiece.00544nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113462002600136562001800162670023000180mp201301518620140224113453.2130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015186  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acountertenor voice  acountertenor (singer)  wgamale voice  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bcountertenor voice (male high voice, originally and still most commonly of alto range, though the title is increasingly employed generically to describe any adult male voice higher than tenor)00505nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001200129670013100141680008700272mp2013015187DLC20140224113453.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015187  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acowbell  wgabell  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:b(clapperless bell. Graduated sets of cowbells have been used in most periods of jazz history)  iA percussion instrument similar to bells worn by livestock, but without a clapper.01743nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002000129462001800149562002600167670007900193670063700272670039500909675007701304680015601381mp2013015188DLC20140224113453.4110624|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015188  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acristal  aCristal Baschet  acrystal organ  wgafriction idiophone  aWork cat.: Smith, K. Concerto for cristal four-hands and orchestra, c1992.  aStructures sonores, Atelier Bousequet WWW site, Jun. 24, 2011:b(The keyboard is made of glass rods which play the part of a bow. When they are stroked with damp fingers, they transmit the vibration to the metal axes called « rods » which vibratory mode is given by the weights fixed to the upper end. (vibratory mode forced by simple frame or double frame). The whole of the mechanics are framed in a collector, conducting the vibration to the amplifiers. Since the 1950s, some fifty cristals have been created ... they are mainly distinguishable by the organisation of the keyboard, by their range and their amplification type.)  aWikipedia, October 31, 2013b(Cristal Baschet; musical instrument that produces sound from oscillating glass cylinders; also known as crystal organ or Crystal Baschet; 54 chromatically-tuned glass rods which are rubbed with moistened fingers to produce vibrations which are passed to a heavy block of metal by metal stems of variable length; created in 1952 by Bernard and Francois Baschet)  aMarcuse;aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.;aNew Grove dict. of mus. online  iA musical instrument constructed of glass rods attached to tuned metal stems that are sounded by the friction of moistened fingers rubbed on the glass.00930nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002800130670005200158670041700210670008800627680004500715mp2013015189DLC20140224113453.4021220|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015189  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acrotales  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 2002319441: Tann, H. Arachne, c2002.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Dec. 20, 2002b(crotales: small cymbals tuned to a definite pitch. Modern crotales are rather heavier than finger cymbals (which are unpitched and may also be classified as metal clappers or castanets). The term "antique cymbals" (Fr. cymbales antiques) may refer to pitched or unpitched instruments. As a rule, if no pitch is indicated the intended sound is that of finger cymbals.)  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bcrotales (Small cymbals tuned to a definite pitch)  iSmall cymbals tuned to a definite pitch.00706nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001300130462001400143562003000157670011800187670014100305680007800446mp2013015190DLC20140224113453.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015190  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acrumhorn  acromorne  akrummhorn  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(crumhorn; krummhorn, krumbhorn, tournebout, storto, cornamuto) torto, piva torta)  aWikipedia, October 31, 2013b(crumhorn; woodwind instrument most commonly used in the Renaissance; capped double-reed with finger holes)  iA capped double-reed instrument most commonly used in Renaissance Europe.00955nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462000900127462001100136462001800147562003100165562001200196670003800208670013300246670016800379670011700547680006100664mp2013015191DLC20140224113453.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015191  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acrwth  acrot  acrouth  acrowd (crwth)  wgabowed string instrument  wgalyre  aRandom Houseb(Crowd; also Crwth)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Crwth, chorus, crot, crowd; a Welsh and middle English term for plucked or bowed lyres)  aMarcuseb(Crwth; bowed lyre of ancient Wales ... called crouth in 14th c. England and later crowd. In the Middle Ages it was also known by the Lat. name of chorus)  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bcrwth (Welsh term for a plucked and, from about the 11th century, a bowed lyre)  iA Welsh lyre that has been bowed since the 11th century.01344nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001600128562001600144670010500160670048200265670016800747670015300915680008201068mp2013015192DLC20140224113453.6010511|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015192  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acsakan  acsákány  wgarecorder  aKrähmer, E. Fantasia für Csakan (Sopran- oder Altblockflöte) solo, c1999:bcover (csákány)  aNew Grove dict. mus., 2nd ed. WWW site, Apr. 09, 2001:bunder Csakan (Hung. csakany: 'cane flute'; duct flute in the shape of a walking stick or an oboe, popular in and around Vienna from about 1807 until the 1840s. The instrument is related to the shepherds' flutes of Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia, which combine duct flute and walking stick, and to the other variously shaped instruments, such as the 18th-century iron 'csakanyfokos' which is both a weapon and a duct flute)  aMGG, 2nd ed.:bunder Flöten (Csakan, a walking stick recorder; originated in the Vienna region at the beginning of the 19th century; prevalent from 1806 to 1850)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.:bunder Csákány (czakan) (Hung.: 'cane-flute'; Hungarian instrument of the recorder type, classified as a duct flute)  iA walking stick recorder originating around Vienna in the early 19th century.00632nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562002000128670012400148670011200272680009000384mp2013015193DLC20140224113453.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015193  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acuatro  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(cuatro; an instrument of the guitar family, found in South America and the West Indies)  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bcuatro (small four-string plucked lute descended from the Spanish vihuela)  iAny of several distinct Latin American or Carribean instruments of the guitar family.00750nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129462001200141562002100153670008300174670012100257670007400378680010400452mp2013015194DLC20140224113453.7100303|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015194  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acuíca  apuíta  aquíca  wgafriction drum  aWork cat.: Cohen, R.S. White alert, 2008:bt.p. (White alert : for solo cuica)  aGrove music online, June 30 2009:bNew Grove dictionary of jazz (Cuíca; Puíta; Quíca; Brazilian friction drum)  aNew Grove dictionary of musical instruments, 1984b(Cuíca; Puíta)  iA Brazilian friction drum whose pitch can be changed by applying varying pressure to the drum head.00731nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562002800128562002800156670012900184670016800313680008000481mp2013015195DLC20140224113453.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015195  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  acymbal  wgaconcussion idiophone  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove Online April 1, 2013:bcymbal l(single cymbals are suspended (by one hand or on a stand) and struck with a beater)  aHarvard dictionary of musicb(cymbals; broad-rimmed circular plates of indefinite pitch, slightly convex so that only the edges touch when two are struck together)  iA single cymbal suspended on a stand, or a pair of cymbals struck together.00954nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001300129670005100142670012700193670011900320670014100439675011100580680006900691mp2013015196DLC20140224113453.8010726|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015196  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ada tong  wgaer hu  aPu, T. Hua ku hsi ta tʻung yen sou fa, c1979.  aChung-kuo yin yüeh tzʻu tien, 1984:bp. 68 (Ta tʻung; type of erh hu; used in performances of Hunan flower drum drama)  aZhonnghu yin yue ci dian, 1984:bp. 68 (Ta tSung; type of erh hu; used in performances of Hunan flower drum drama)  aYin yue bai ke ci dian, 1998:bp. 111 (fiddle of Hunan Province; similar to er hu but larger; used to accompany Hunan flower drum drama)  aNew Grove dict. musical instruments;aLee, Y. Chinese musical instruments;aNew Grove dict. of mus. online  iA type of er hu used in performances of Hunan flower drum drama.00775nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002200127670018700149670012500336670008400461680006000545mp2013015198DLC20140224113453.9011129|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015198  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adamba  wgahourglass drum  aWork cat.: Locke, D. Drum damba, c1988:bCIP galleys (Damba dance drumming is performed in Ghana on hourglass and cylindrical drums to commemorate the birth of the Prophet Mohammed.)  aNew Grove:bv. 20, appen. A (Damba: festival music and dance, also an hourglass drum, in Ghana; Islamic religious music)  aNew Grove Online April 2, 2013:bunder Islamic religious music (hourglass drum)  iA Ghanaian hourglass drum played at the damba festival.01132nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462003000136562003300166562001400199670007600213670010900289670014400398670010300542670023000645680003900875mp2013015199DLC20140224113453.9031105|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015199  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ađàn bâù  ađàn độc huyền  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aWork cat.: Thanh, P.D. Vietnamese traditional dan bau music [SR] p2003.  aNew Grove, via WWW, Sept. 30, 2003b(đàn bâù (đàn đoc huyen) single string zither of Vietnam)  aThe ultimate encyclopedia of musical instruments, c1996:bp. 205, Non-western and obsolete instruments, Plucked instruments (Dan doc huyen)  aGarland ency. of world music, 1998:bv. 4, p. 471 (đàn bâù, also đàn độc huyền)  aNew Grove Online April 3, 2013:bunder Zither (the Dàn bầu (c100 cm) of minority peoples of northern Vietnam and south-west China, a box zither with a single metal string attached to a flexible stem (for pitch control))  iA single-string zither of Vietnam.00495nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562001400134670005400148670009400202680004100296mp2013015200DLC20140224113454.0000419|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015200  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ađàn tranh  wgazither  aWork cat.: Landscape of the Highlands [SR] p1997.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Đàn tranh; Vietnamese 16-string board zither)  iA 16-string board zither of Vietnam.00374nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562001700128680009500145mp2013015202DLC20140224113454.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015202  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adancer  wgaperformer  iA dancer who is explicitly required by the composer for the performance of a musical work.00831nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000800126462001100134462000900145562001800154670008100172670007200253670022400325680007600549mp2013015197DLC20140224113454.1870612|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015197  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adaff  adaf  aḍaph  aduff  wgaframe drum  aWork cat.: Gurdjieff, G.I. Music composed in collaboration [SR] p1982b(Daf)  aNew Grove Dict. of Musical Instrumentsb(ḍaph, daf, ḍaff, duff)  aNew Grove Online April 3, 2013:bdaff (Round single-headed frame drum connected with Muslim cultures. In varying forms it is found in West Asia, the Caucasus, the Iranian plateau, Central Asia and south-eastern Europe.)  iA round single-headed frame drum from the Middle East and North Africa.01198nz  a2200325n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001300131462001400144462001200158462001200170462001300182462001400195462001300209462001200222462001300234462001100247562001900258670004700277670016000324670004200484670009900526670005900625670011300684680007500797mp2013015203DLC20140224113454.1100510|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015203  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adarabukka  adarabuke  adarboukka  adarbuga  adarbuka  adarbukka  aderabucca  aderbouka  aderbuga  aderbukka  adumbek  wgagoblet drum  aWork cat.: Vigreux, P. La derbouka, c1985.  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(Darabukka (darbukka, darboukka, darabuke) A single-headed goblet drum found in the Islamic Middle East and North Africa)  aGöçmez, B. Darbuka method, c2001.  aGrove music online WWW site, Feb. 27, 2004b(Darabukka (darbuka, darabuke, derbuga, derbukka))  aLa belezza contemplada [SR] 2000:bcontainer (darbuga)  aEl-Dabh, H. The miraculous tale, c2010:bcover, p. 2 (The miraculous tale; for alto saxophone and derabucca)  iA single-headed goblet drum found in the Middle East and North Africa.00949nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002600131670007200157670011800229670030700347680012500654mp2013015204DLC20140224113454.2040312|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015204  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adaxophone  wgafriction idiophone  aWork cat.: Reichel, H. Yuxo [SR] : a new daxophone operetta, p2002.  aReichel, H. Shanghaied on Tor Road [SR] : the world's 1st operetta performed on nothing but the daxophone, p1992.  aGroveMusic, via WWW, Nov. 3, 2003b(Daxophone: a wooden pitched-percussion instrument invented by Hans Reichel in the mid-1980s. A narrow, flat strip of wood, anchored at one end, is bowed, scraped, tapped, or struck in other ways; a mobile wooden block (the dax) changes the pitch of the wooden strip)  iA bowed idiophone consisting of a narrow, flat strip of wood anchored at one end, invented by Hans Reichel in the 1980s.00579nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001000128562001200138670008700150670012300237680004900360mp2013015205DLC20140224113454.2940325|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015205  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adhimay  adhime  wgadrum  aWork cat.: 87-151811: Wegner, G. The dhimaybaja of Bhaktapur, 1986:bp. 9 (dhimay)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(dhimay (dhime); double-headed cylindrical drum of the Newari people of Nepal)  iA double-headed cylindrical drum from Nepal.01708nz  a2200277n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001000137462002600147462001000173462000900183462000900192562001200201670008100213670013800294670011900432670017300551670007500724670054700799680008401346mp2013015206DLC20140224113454.3090122|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015206  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adholi  adaule  adavul  adhol (Caucasian drum)  adohol  adoli  adoul  wgadrum  aWork cat.: 2003558772: Igraet Mukhazhir Pshikhachev [SR] 1978:blabel (doul)  aMarcuseb(Dholi; double-headed cylindrical drum of Tiflis, U.S.S.R., with laced heads stretched over metal hoops; also doul and doli)  aMuz. ėnt͡s.b(Doli, dalabandi (Georgia); Dol, dul (Uzbek), doul (Tadzhik); percussion musical instrument, drum)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instr., 1984b(doli: double-headed cylindrical drum of Georgia (USSR); related to the Armenian dhol, also entry for dhol, drum of South Asia)  aMur̄adī, S. The music of Lorestan, Iran [SR] p 1994:blabel (dohol)  aGrove music online, Jan. 6, 2008b(davul; a large thong-braced, double-headed cylindrical drum of Turkey and many other countries of the Middle East and South-eastern Europe where it is known by related names, including daouli (Greece), daule (Albania), dohol (Iran), dhol (Armenia), doli (Georgia) and ṭabl turkī (Arab countries). Variants of the name are used for a variety of barrel-shaped double-headed laced drums in many part of South Asia, including ḍhol or duhl (Pakstan), daula (Sri Lanka) and ḍholak (in India and Pakistan))  iA Caucasian and Middle Eastern double-headed cylindrical drum with laced heads.00658nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462000700127462000900134462001100143562002200154670005700176670007100233670011600304680003200420mp2013015207DLC20140224113454.3010330|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015207  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adi zi  adi  adizi  ati-tse  wgaductless flute  aMusique instrumentale classique [SR] p1982b(Ti-tse)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Transverse flute of the Han Chinese)  aNew Grove online, Mar. 30, 2001b(Di: transverse flute of the Han Chinese; most common variant of name is dizi)  iA Chinese transverse flute.01020nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462002400130462001900154462001900173462001900192462002000211562001400231670012000245670008200365670007100447670027200518mp2013015655DLC20140224113454.4890404|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015655  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  askrzypce  adiabelskie skrzypce  adevil's fiddle  adevil's violin  adiable skrzype  afiddle, devil's  wgaviolin  aWork cat.: Hiller, L.A. Retrospective 1949-1981 [SR] p1984:blabel (Diabelskie skrzypce) container (Devil's fiddle)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Diabelskie skrzypce; Devil's violin)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instr., 1975b(Diable skrzype; Devil's fiddle)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:bunder Violin/Extra-European and Folk Usage (The violin is the most popular folk instrument in Poland. The skrzypce is made by villagers themselves out of a single piece of wood, apart from the soundboard, and has three or four strings)00366nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001600113562003300129562001400162680005600176mp201301520820140224113454.4130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015208  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adiddley bow  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  iA single-string zither of the rural American South.01275nz  a2200325n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001500131462001500146462001400161462001300175562002000188670007800208670004000286670003500326670004300361670005300404670004800457670006100505670006000566670006000626670004100686670003000727670014500757680004700902mp2013015209DLC20140224113454.5880328|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015209  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adidjeridu  adidgeridoo  adidjeridoo  adigeridoo  adijiridu  wganatural horn  aKaye, P. Play and enjoy the didjeridu of the Australian Aboriginal, 1987.  aGrove's dict. of musicb(Didjeridu)  aAustralian encyc.b(Didjeridu)  aWeb. 3b(Didgeridoo; syn.: Didjeridoo)  aBritannica Micro.b(Didgeridoo; syn.: Didjeridu)  aWorld Book:bunder Australasia (Didjeridoo)  aOEDb(Didgeridoo; syn.: Didjeridoo, didjeridu, dijiridu)  aLiterary warrant ABN data baseb(Didjeridu, Didgeridoo)  aAustralian Institute of Aboriginal Studiesb(Didjeridu)  aCollier's:bv. 2, p. 278 (didjeridu)  aEncyc. intl.b(didjiridu)  aNew Grove Online April 3, 2013:bdidjeridu (Wooden drone pipe played with varying techniques in a number of Australian Aboriginal cultures.)  iAn Aboriginal Australian brass instrument.01105nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117462001700142462003600159562002900195562002000224670006100244670047300305680013300778mp2013015210DLC20140224113454.5090317|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015210  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adigital player piano  ahybrid piano  arecording and reproducing piano  wgaelectronic instrument  wgaplayer piano  aWork cat.: 2006577781: Polashek, T., Wood and wire, 2005  aWikipedia:bunder Innovations in the piano (Digital technology makes possible a vastly more sensitive and flexible version of the old player piano; for instance, the modern digital player piano can record as well as play. These pianos are often called 'hybrid pianos', as they have characteristics of both acoustic pianos (the piano sound is made by hammers on strings) and digital pianos (record/playback capability, as well as synthesizer and audio sound capability)  iAn acoustic piano with added digital technology allowing for recording and playback of piano performances, as in a player piano.01012nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001800131670023700149670025600386670013400642680006600776mp2013015211DLC20140224113454.5010919|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015211  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adilrubā  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: Shrivastav, B. The art of the Indian dilruba, 1997:binsert (dilruba; long-necked, fretted fiddle of N. India & Pakistan; hybrid of a sarangi-like body with a goatskin sound table and a sitar-like neck; played vertically)  aGarland encyc. of world music. SE Asia:bp. 336 (dilrubā; larger version of the isrāj, combining the long neck of a sitar with the body of a sāraṅgī, but square rather than small-waisted) p. 979 (N. Indian bowed, unfretted, long-necked lute)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(dilrubā; long-necked, fretted fiddle, with a skin sound table; of N. India & Pakistan)  iA long-necked, fretted fiddle of Northern India and Pakistan.01256nz  a2200277n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001000128462001000138562001900148670002800167670004100195670004400236670002900280670003500309670004300344670009700387670004100484670015200525670024000677680006100917mp2013015212DLC20140224113454.6110215|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015212  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adjembe  ajembe  ajenbe  wgagoblet drum  aAll about jembe, c1998.  aWest African djembe drumming, c1991.  aAfrican percussion : the djembe, c1997.  a30 ans de jemb'e, p1996.  aAfrican djembe drumming, 1997.  aShow me the rhythms! for jembe, c1998.  aGarland encyc. of world music, 1998:bv. 1, Africa, p. 420 ("a goblet-shaped drum (djembe)")  aThe art of jenbe drumming [SR] 2006.  aWikipedia, Jan. 12, 2007b(djembe (also: jembe, jenbe); a goat skin covered drum shaped like a large goblet and meant to be played with bare hands)  aNew Grove Online April 3, 2013:bdjembe (type of drum played with both bare hands; in widespread use primarily in Mali and Guinea among the Maninka and Susu peoples, and also in neighbouring Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso)  iAn African goat skin goblet drum played with bare hands.01105nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462001000138462002200148562001400170670054900184670020200733mp2013015601DLC20140224113454.6011213|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015601  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aresonator guitar  adobro  aresophonic guitar  wgaguitar  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Dec. 13, 2001b(Resonator guitar: guitar developed in late 1920s with one or more resonator discs, usually metal, mounted inside the body and connected to the bridge; developed in U.S. by John Dopyera; first manufactured by National String Instrument Corp. from 1927; Dopyera left the company ca. 1929 and set up the Dobro Corp. with two of his brothers; the brand name "Dobro," derived from the first syllables of "Dopyera brothers," was devised at this time (it is also the word for "good" in Slavonic languages))  aWikipedia:b(A resonator guitar or resophonic guitar is an acoustic guitar whose sound is produced by one or more spun metal cones (resonators) instead of the wooden sound board (guitar top/face)).01270nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113462001300126562002700139562001400166670045900180670020900639670017100848680006901019mp201301583820140224113454.7131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015838  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adolceola  adulceola  wgakeyboard instrument  wgazither  aQuick Identifier Williams/dolceola WWW site, July 25, 2002b(the highest form of development of the guitar-zither concept; has a keyboard attached, white and black keys for the melody section, 3 keys for each chord, one played the bass note, the next played the first note of the remainder of the chord, and the next one played all the rest of the chord; the chords were numbered so that Dolceola sheet music could show numbers instead of chord notation)  aRecords, Inc. - Washington Phillips WWW site, July 25, 2002b(sometimes referred to as the dulceola; zither-like instrument with a keyboard which allowed the player to play the melody and selected chords)  aValley Internat - Dolceola WWW site, July 25, 2002b(piano in miniature manufactured in the early 1900's by the Toledo Symphony Manufacturing Company of Toledo, Ohio)  iA zither with a keyboard manufactured in the early 20th century.00978nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130462001200142562002000154670005100174670051200225680005900737mp2013015214DLC20140224113454.7111130|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015214  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adömbra  adombira  adumbrak  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Two-string lute)  aNew Grove Online, Nov. 3, 2011b(Dömbra, dombira. (1) Two-string long-necked lute of the Kazakhs of Central Asia. The western dombra is pear-shaped and usually has 12 to 14 frets, while the eastern model may have a spade-shaped or triangular body, a shorter neck and five to nine frets. (2) Two-string unfretted lute of semi-nomadic Uzbeks of south-west Uzbekistan, also known as the dumbrak. (3) Two-string fretted lute of the Kalmyk Mongols west of the Volga delta, often used to accompany solo dancing)  iA long-necked two-string plucked lute of Central Asia.00508nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001000113562002000123670014500143680008600288mp201301521520140224113454.7120510|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015215  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adomra  wgaplucked lute  aWikipedia, May 10, 2012b(Domra, long-necked Russian string instrument of the lute family with a round body and three or four metal strings)  iA long-necked plucked lute of Russia with a round body and three or four strings.00820nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462003100133462001400164462001500178462001800193462001600211462001700227562001800244670006300262670027700325mp2013015216DLC20140224113454.8011219|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015216  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adouble bass  abass (stringed instrument)  abass viol  acontrabass  astand-up bass  astring bass  aupright bass  wgabowed lute  aRanjbaran, B. Ballade for unaccompanied contrabass, c1999.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Dec. 19, 2001b(Double bass (bass, contrabass, stand-up bass, string bass, upright bass): largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in use; has four or (less often) five strings tuned in 4ths and sounds an octave lower than the cello)00457nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002700113562002300140670011700163680004300280mp201301521720140224113454.8130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015217  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adouble reed instrument  wgareed instrument  aNew Grove Online May 7, 2013:bunder Reed instrument (reedpipes with a double reed ‘of concussion lamellae’)  iAn unspecified double reed instrument.00347nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002100126562002900147680002500176mp2013015218DLC20140224113454.8070314|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015218  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adrum  wgamembranophone  wgapercussion instrument  iAn unspecified drum.01020nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162002500131462002600156462001500182562001200197670020500209670028200414680014200696mp2013015219DLC20140224113454.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015219zsj 96005307   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adrum and bugle corps  acorps, drum and bugle  adrum corps  wgaband  aWikipedia:bunder Drum and bugle corps (Modern): also known as a drum corps; musical marching unit (similar to a marching band) consisting of brass instruments, percussion instruments, and color guard  aWorld Book Encycl.bunder Drum corps (once known as drum and bugle corps), are marching musical groups that perform in parades, at football games, and in competitions. Unlike marching bands, drum corps do not use woodwind instruments and usually have large percussion sections)  iA musical marching ensemble consisting of brass instruments, percussion instruments, and color guard, but excluding woodwind instruments.01168nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562002700133670042700160670022100587675006500808680012500873mp2013015220DLC20140224113454.9040708|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015220  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adrum circle  wgapercussion ensemble  aWork cat.: 2004013016: Kalani. Together in rhythm, 2004:bECIP t.p. (Drum circle) data view (Drum circles are a form of recreational music making, which means that the focus is not on performance but rather on personal or group development and wellness, or just plain fun ... A drum circle can be simply defined as "a group of people working together to create in-the-moment music using drums and percussion instruments.")  aMandrake Press WWW page, June 3, 2004b(A community music-making event where people sit or stand in a circle while playing world percussion instruments. People play improvised rhythms. Music is created in the moment)  aGrove Music online ed.;aNew Harvard dict. of music;aWeb. 3  iA group of people informally gathered, usually in a circle, who play improvised rhythms on world percussion instruments.01433nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001700131462002000148462002600168462002600194462001900220462002600239562002900265670008600294670024500380670034100625675003000966680019500996mp2013015221DLC20140224113455.0020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015221zsh 87002827   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adrum machine  aelectronic drum  aelectronic percussion  apreset rhythm machine  arhythm machine  asampling drum machine  wgaelectronic instrument  aWork cat.: Crigger, D. How to make your drum machine sound like a drummer, c1987.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Feb. 26, 2002:bElectronic percussion (electronic drum, drum machine, rhythm machine; an electronic instrument that synthesizes percussion sounds or stores and reproduces the sounds of percussion instruments)  aDobson, R. Dict. of electronic and computer music technology:bdrum machine (generic name for a broad range of electronic instruments which combine functions of the synthesizer and the sequencer in a way specially adapted to the generation of polyphonic percussion patterns; rhythm machine, preset rhythm machine, sampling drum machine)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.  iAny of a broad range of electronic instruments that combine the functions of the synthesizer and the sequencer in a way specially adapted to the generation of polyphonic percussion patterns.01402nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001300130462001200143462001300155462001300168462001000181562002900191670029500220670035600515670008700871670005200958680015001010mp2013015222DLC20140224113455.0070321|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015222  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adrum set  adrum kit  adrumset  atrap kit  atrap set  atraps  wgapercussion instrument  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.:bDrum set (collection of percussion instruments played by a single player; characteristic of jazz, rock, and other forms of American popular music; typically includes pedal-operated bass drum, snare drum, two or more tom-toms, cymbals, normally including hi-hat.)  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(drum set (drum kit, trap set); the term used for the basic equipment of the jazz drummer, and hence the related dance band and rock drummers; organized around a nucleus consisting of bass drum, snare drum, and suspended cymbal, with ancillary instruments being added according to the taste of the drummer and the style of music)  aNew Grove dict. of jazzb(evolved during the last two decades of the 19th century)  aLC database, July 29, 1996b(drum set, drumset)  iA collection of percussion instruments played by a single player, typically consisting of a snare drum, kick drum, tom-toms, hi-hat, and cymbals.00920nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113562002900128670030300157670017200460680010300632681002700735mp201301522320140224113455.1130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015223  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aduct flute  wgaedge-blown instrument  aNew Grove Online May 7, 2013:bduct flute (Aerophone whose essential feature is a head, partially blocked, leaving a windway or duct to lead the player’s breath to a rigid sharp edge or lip...at the base of the mouth...normally a number of finger-holes, varying from three to six, eight or nine.)  aGalpin Society journal, v. 14 (1961):bp. 26 (421.2, Flutes with duct or duct flutes; a narrow duct directs the air-stream against the sharp edge of a lateral orifice)  iAn unspecified wind instrument on which a narrow duct directs the air stream against a sharp edge.  iReference underaflute00629nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562002900132670015200161680014300313681002700456mp201301522420140224113455.1130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015224  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aductless flute  wgaedge-blown instrument  aGalpin Society journal, v. 14 (1961):bpage 25 (421.1, Flutes without duct; the player himself creates a ribbon-shaped stream of air with his lips)  iAn unspecified wind instrument that does not have an air duct, and instead the player creates a ribbon-shaped stream of air with the lips.  iReference underaflute00981nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003500117462001100152562003000163670006100193670013900254670010800393670022900501680005700730mp2013015225DLC20140224113455.2000329|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015225  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aduduk (double reed instrument)  aduduki  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: 95701276: Sergeĭ Karapeti͡an, duduk, 1983.  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Duduk (i), cylindrical wooden oboe of Armenia and Georgia, also called nay; references to bālabān and mey)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Duduki, conical oboe of Georgia U.S.S.R., called duduk in Turkish)  aNew Grove Online April 3, 2013:bduduk (term, derived from the Turkish düdük, used for a family of double-reed instruments of ancient Armenian origin, which became popular in the Caucasus, Middle East, and Central Asia.)  iA double-reed instrument of ancient Armenian origin.00719nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000900126562001500135670010200150670024700252680005000499mp2013015226DLC20140224113455.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015226  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adudy  adude  wgabagpipe  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b([Term for] Several types of bagpipe of eastern Europe and the USSR)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bunder Czech Republic (The most widespread instrument is the dudy (bagpipe), known in Bohemia since the 13th century; under Poland (There are five basic types of bagpipe in Poland, all with single reeds…dudy)  iA bagpipe found in Poland and Czech Republic.00943nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001100129462001200140462001200152462001200164462001200176562003000188670008300218670006900301670006800370670018000438680008300618mp2013015227DLC20140224113455.3860428|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015227  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adulcian  acurtal  adolcian  adolcino  adolzoni  adulzian  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: Steinkopf, O. Anleitung für das Musizieren auf Pommern ... c1978.  aNew Grove dictionary of musical instrumentsb(Dulcian (dolcian))  aMarcuseb(dulcian, curtal, dolzioni, dolcian, dolcino, dulzian)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bdulcian (name commonly used for the early bassoon in one piece, as opposed to the later type in joints; should not be confused with Dolzaina.)  iA Renaissance double-reed in one piece, the predecessor of the modern bassoon.01768nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001400130462002000144462002200164462001300186562003200199562001400231670009400245670016400339670045200503670015600955670009001111670023601201680006501437mp2013015228DLC20140224113455.3090731|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015228  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adulcimer  aHackbrett  ahammer dulcimer  ahammered dulcimer  asalterio  wgastruck string instrument  wgazither  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(dulcimer: a zither sounded by striking rather than plucking)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(dulcimer: name applied to certain instruments of the box zither type with more than one string but without a keyboard)  aGrove music online, Aug. 2, 2006b(the player may hit the strings with hammers or pluck them with the fingers or a plectrum; many scholars reserve the term "dulcimer" for an instrument played with hammers, calling it a "psaltry" when the plucking technique is used: in the USA, where the hammer technique is normal, the term "hammer dulcimer" or "hammered dulcimer" has been coined to avoid confusion with the "Appalachian" or "mountain" dulcimer)  aMexikanische Salteriomusik, c2005:bp. 2 (salterio; salterio chico has 90 strings in groups of 3; salterio grande has 103 strings in groups of 3 and 4)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments, Apr. 5, 2007b(salterio = Psaltery, dulcimer)  aGrove music online, viewed October 17, 2013:bunder Dulcimer (The dulcimer has been know by dozens of different names... Hackbrett, a German term for chopping-board, is the normal name for the instrument among the Germanic peoples)  iA zither whose strings are sounded by striking with hammers.00445nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117562002900139670007800168680005300246mp2013015229DLC20140224113455.4931108|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015229  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adulcimer ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble  aWork cat.: Christmas holidays with Cincinnati Dulcimer Society [SR] 1991.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more dulcimers.01037nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002200131562002700153562002800180670013800208670011800346670012000464670002400584670013500608680007600743mp2013015230DLC20140224113455.4051214|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015230  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adulcitone  atuning fork piano  wgakeyboard instrument  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 2004586039: Petits songes, p2003:binsert (Scottish tuning fork piano, built by Thomas Machell at the turn of the century)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bs.v. Tuning-fork instruments (Machell perfected his "dulcitone" in 1880)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(Dulcitone, tuning-fork piano; patented and made by Thos. Machell & Sons, Glasgow)  aWeb. 3b(dulcitone)  aNew Grove Online March 31, 2013:bdulcitone (Kbd. instr. similar to celesta, but with steel tuning forks instead of steel plates.)  iA tuning fork piano created by Thomas Machell in the late 19th century.00947nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001400130462001500144462001300159462001400172462000900186562003000195670011800225670004000343670011300383670014300496680006600639mp2013015231DLC20140224113455.5040526|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015231  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adulzaina  abolingozo  adolçaina  adolzaina  adultzaina  apito  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(dulzaina; oboe of Spain and the Basque region (where it is known as a bolingozo))  a96126124: Bizkaiko dultzaina, 1994.  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bunder dolzaina (A shrill folk oboe, the dulzaina, is still in use in Spain)  aGrove music online, November 1, 2013:bunder Shawm (the Spanish dulzaina (or pito) and the Catalan gralla; smaller shawn-like instruments)  iA double-reed folk instrument of Spain and the Basque region.01091nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001100132462001100143462001300154562001900167670012100186670007600307670017700383670026000560680005300820mp2013015232DLC20140224113455.5071025|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015232  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adümbelek  adeblek  adumbeg  adümbek  wgagoblet drum  aWork cat.: 50047771: W.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Dumbeg, Syrian single-headed drum)  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(Dümbelek, single-headed goblet drum of Turkey)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Deblek, syn. of dumbelek in S. Turkey, where it assumes the form of a clay goblet drum with glued head; under Dümbek: syn. of deblek)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bunder Turkey (The most important musical instruments of the folk tradition are the darbuka (also known as deblek and dümbelek), a single-headed goblet-shaped drum struck with both hands as an accompaniment to dancing...)  iA single-headed goblet drum of Syria and Turkey.00961nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129562002000141670008600161670015600247670028300403680009300686mp2013015233DLC20140224113455.6891017|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015233  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  adutār  adotār  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: Tăchmu̇radov, M. Mylly Tăchmu̇radov chali͡ar (dutar) [SR] 1980.  aNew Grove dict. of musical insts.b(the name for various types of long-necked fretted lute of the Middle East and Central Asia; called dotār in Iran)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bdutar (Term applied to various types of long-necked fretted lute in Central Asia and Iran (in Iran it is usually rendered as ‘dotār’). The name derives from Persian, meaning ‘two strings’, but some kinds of dutār have more than two.)  iAny one of various types of long-neck fretted lutes of the Middle East and Central Asia.00916nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130462001200142462001300154562001800167670011900185670012600304670024500430680003500675mp2013015234DLC20140224113455.6920925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015234  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  advorgrle  advogrla  advogrle  advorgrla  wgaduct flute  aWork cat.: 50-47771: W.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Dvogrla, Dvorgrla, double flute)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Dvogrle, double flute of Herzegovina, with almost double bores, also called svirale)  aChiff & Fipple WWW site, Apr. 5, 2013:bCroatian whistles for sale: Dvorgrle and Strancica (Both about 12.5in long. Wooden flutes with traditional Croatian Decoration. Dvorgrle is a double flute with 4 holes on one pipe and 3 on the other.)  iA double flute of Herzegovina.00574nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002600113562002700139670019800166680007600364mp201301523520140224113455.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015235  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aedge-blown instrument  wgawoodwind instrument  aHornbostel, E.M. Classification of musical instruments, in Ethnomusicology : an introduction, 1992:bp. 458 (421. Edge instruments or flutes: a narrow stream of air is directed against an edge)  iA woodwind instrument whose sound is created by blowing across an edge.00914nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001200128462001000140562001200150670016800162670025100330675001100581680012800592mp2013015236DLC20140224113455.7980813|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015236  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aekón  abanká  aekong  wgabell  aWork cat.: 98183670: Ortiz, F. El ekón, c1995:bp. 5 (a bell made from two pieces of metal, lacking a clapper, struck on the outside) p. 6 (pl. form: los ekones)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Ekón (also ekong), a bell of the Afro-Cuban Abakwá people. See "Banká": a bell used by the Afro-Cuban Abakwá people; made by joining two pieces of shaped iron; striker is commonly a hardwood stick)  aWeb. 3  iA bell made from two pieces of metal, lacking a clapper, and struck on the outside, used by the Afro-Cuban Abakwá people.00643nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002100126670005300147670021900200680006600419mp2013015237DLC20140224113455.8981113|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015237  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aekue  wgafriction drum  aWork cat.: 98184040: Ortiz, F. El ékue, c1995.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Ekue, Afro-Cuban single-headed friction drum with a loose (rather than fixed) shaft; always three-legged; a secret instrument used only in esoteric rites of the Náñigos)  iAn Afro-Cuban single-headed friction drum with a loose shaft.00710nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001200136462002700148562001300175562002900188670007500217670008500292670013900377mp2013015238DLC20140224113455.8060602|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015238  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectric cello  ae-cello  aelectronic violoncello  wgacello  wgaelectronic instrument  aWork cat.: 2005587881: Kiraly, D.Z. Pinocchio [sound recording] p1994.  aNew Grove Online, viewed Apr. 11, 2006:belectronic instruments (electric cello)  aWikipedia:belectric cello (a type of cello that relies on electronic amplification (rather than acoustic resonance) to produce sound)02675nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462003000137462001300167462002900180462002800209462002700237562002900264562001400293670005400307670005300361670007000414670082900484670060301313670005001916670034601966680007302312mp2013015239DLC20140224113455.9081121|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015239  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectric guitar  aacoustic guitar, electric  ae-guitar  aelectric acoustic guitar  aelectro-acoustic guitar  aelectroacoustic guitar  wgaelectronic instrument  wgaguitar  aHiscock, M. Make your own electric guitar, c1986.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Electric guitar)  aIngram, A. The Gibson 175, c2007:bp. 7 (electro-acoustic guitar)  aWikipedia, Nov. 7, 2008b(An electric acoustic guitar is by design an acoustic guitar fitted with pickups, a microphone, or transducers. In Electric-Acoustic Classical Guitars, the transducers and microphones are always used because conventional pickups are not capable of picking up vibrations of materials other than metal ... Usually, electric acoustic guitars are fitted with piezoelectric pickups, and hence require a preamplifier incorporated into the guitar body to amplify the signal before it travels to the main guitar amplifier. These preamps may also come with tone controls of varying types, but usually equalizers with up to six frequency bands are used. They are also referred to it as a "plug-in acoustic guitar", due to their ability to simply "plug in" to a speaker system without the need for microphones)  aWright, D. Electro acoustic guitar - what's the difference?, via WWW, Nov. 7, 2008b("While you can use this instrument as an acoustic guitar for a more low-key effect, you can also take advantage of its electric capabilities to really grab someone's attention ... the electro acoustic guitar ... frequently looks like an acoustic, but it has what is called a 'pick up' that allows the musician to plug his instrument into an amplifier. The musician can thus achieve the best of both worlds: he marries the soothing tones of the acoustic with the effects and volume possibilities of the electric.")  aLC database, Nov. 24, 1986b(Electric guitar)  aGrove music online, viewed October 9, 2013b(electric guitar; There are two main kinds of electric guitar: the hollow-bodied or semi-acoustic; and the solid-bodied, in which the body provides little resonance but simply serves as a mounting-block to accommodate the bridge and the electronic apparatus, and to bear the strings under tension)  iAn acoustic or solid-bodied guitar that is electronically amplified.01288nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462001300137462002200150562002900172562001400201670007700215670023500292670010200527670036800629680007300997mp2013015240DLC20140224113456.0040924|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015240  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectric violin  ae-violin  aelectronic violin  wgaelectronic instrument  wgaviolin  aWork cat.: Presenting the electronic violin [VR] c1990:b(OCLC 26626118)  aGrove music online, Sept. 23, 2004:bunder Electronic instruments, electroacoustic instruments, string instruments, bowed strings (electric violins have been manufactured by Fender, Zeta Music Systems, Yamaha, and other companies)  aGoogle WWW search, Sept. 23, 2004b(electronic violin [6080 hits]; electric violin [28,000 hits])  aWikipedia:ba violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound. The term most properly refers to an instrument purposely made to be electrified with built-in pickups, usually with a solid body. It can also refer to a violin fitted with an electric pickup of some type, although "amplified violin" or "electro-acoustic violin" are more accurate in that case.  iAn acoustic or solid-bodied violin that is electronically amplified.00553nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002700117462002400144462002500168462002100193562002900214562001900243670010900262mp2013015241DLC20140224113456.0020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015241  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronic harpsichord  adigital harpsichord  aelectric harpsichord  aMIDI-harpsichord  wgaelectronic instrument  wgaharpsichord  aD'Angelo, N. Magie [SR], p1992:bcontainer (Corale : for guitar, vibraphone, and electronic harpsichord)00554nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117562001800143670016800161680007900329mp2013015244DLC20140224113456.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015244  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronic instrument  wgainstrument  aNew Grove Online May 10, 2013:bunder Electronic instruments (Instruments that incorporate electronic circuitry as an integral part of the sound-generating system)  iAn instrument that produces sounds by outputting an electric audio signal.00460nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003300117562001900150562002500169670004400194680006400238mp2013015243DLC20140224113456.1040227|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015243  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronic keyboard ensemble  wgaelectronics  wgakeyboard ensemble  aWork cat.: Mâche, F.B. Tempora, 1988.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more electronic keyboards.00740nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462002100141462002500162562002700187562001900214670008700233670007000320670009600390675004800486mp2013015242DLC20140224113456.2060516|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015242  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronic keyboard  adigital keyboard  akeyboard synthesizer  wgakeyboard instrument  wgasynthesizer  aWork cat.: Meisner, G. Instant keyboard, 1987:bCIP introd. (electronic keyboards)  aCromble, D. The synthesizer & electronic keyboard handbook, 1984.  aMark, T.C. What every pianist needs to know about the body, c2003:bt.p. (digital keyboard)  aNew Grove dictionary of musical instruments01805nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462001900138562002900157562001300186670008200199670099500281670005901276670013801335680012601473mp2013015245DLC20140224113456.2021115|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015245  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronic organ  aelectric organ  wgaelectronic instrument  wgaorgan  aNoda, R. Naissance de la neige, c1999b(orgue électronique; electric organ)  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Nov. 15, 2002b(Electric organ: A term used of certain types of electronic organ that are not fully electronic. It is sometimes applied indiscriminately to all electronic and electric organs, or more accurately to those instruments that include either electroacoustic or electromechanical elements, in order to distinguish them from instruments in which the sound-generating system consists of electronic oscillators with no moving parts. Most precisely it describes only those electroacoustic organs in which, like the electric guitar and electric piano, the acoustic sounds of the vibrating mechanism are reduced and made audible by means of special pickups or transducers; the sound sources have usually been free reeds, as in the reed organ. Until about 1930 the term "electric organ" usually meant a pipe organ in which electricity powered part of the action; such instruments are now referred to as "organs with electric (or "electro-pneumatic") action.")  aBaker's dict. mus.b(electric organ: electronic organ)  aWeb. 3b(electric organ: 1. a pipe organ with an electric action. 2. a specialized tract of tissue in which electricity is generated)  iAn organ that produces sounds only through electronic means, or that has electroacoustical or electromechanical elements.00294nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003000117562002500147mp2013015246DLC20140224113456.3040227|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015246  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronic organ ensemble  wgakeyboard ensemble00819nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462001800138462001900156562002900175562002700204670031500231680009100546mp2013015247DLC20140224113456.4041208|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015247  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronic piano  adigital piano  aelectric piano  wgaelectronic instrument  wgakeyboard instrument  aNew Grove dict. of music online ed., WWW site, December 08, 2004b(Electronic pianos, based on electronic oscillators, were first manufactured from the 1970s, mainly in Italy; digital pianos were introduced in the early 1980s, originally based on digital synthesis, from around 1986 featuring sampled timbres.)  iA piano that produces sounds through digital oscillators or through digital synthesis.00433nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001600113462002300129562002900152562002900181680007700210mp201301524820140224113456.4130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015248  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronics  atape (electronics)  wgaelectronic instrument  wgainstrumental ensemble  iUnspecified electronic sounds, either produced live or from a recording.00632nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001600133562002900149562002700178670008400205670017300289mp2013015249DLC20140224113456.5020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015249  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aelectronium  aelektronium  wgaelectronic instrument  wgakeyboard instrument  aNew Grove inst.b(Electronium; Elektronium; a monophonic electronic instrument)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:belectronium (monophonic electronic keyboard instrument; developed by René Seybold in 1948 and manufactured by Hohner from around 1950)00917nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001000136562002000146670008400166670050900250mp2013015250DLC20140224113456.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015250  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aEnglish guitar  acetra  wgaplucked lute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Portuguese guitar)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bEnglish guitar (most common present-day name of a type of plucked instrument popular in England from about 1750 to 1810, between the decline of the lute and the arrival of the six-string Spanish guitar (the five-course guitar was not popular in England in the 18th century). In common with the Cittern it has metal frets and a movable bridge over which wire strings pass to pins at the bottom of the ribs, but its other structural features and triadic tuning are distinct)00629nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001600134462001500150562003000165670004500195670004000240670016700280mp2013015251DLC20140224113456.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015251  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aEnglish horn  acor anglais  atenor oboe  wgadouble reed instrument  aBrowne, G. The art of cor anglais, 1996.  aWeb. 3b(English horn; cor anglais)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(English horn: the tenor of the modern oboe family; Oboe do caccia ... the term has been applied to the tenor oboe (english horn))00342nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113680010600126mp201301525220140224113456.7130921|| annnnbabn          |n ana        amp2013015252  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aensemble  iA group that is not named according to number of performers or a more specific medium of performance.00856nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462001200141462002300153462002500176562001600201670005500217670006300272670007600335670007200411670015500483mp2013015253DLC20140224113456.7890619|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015253  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aepinette des Vosges  abûche  aepinette de Vosges  aVosges, epinette des  wgapsaltery  aWork cat.: Baly, J. L'épinette des Vosges, 1982.  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(Epinette de Vosges (bûche))  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(Epinette des Vosges; syn. of bûche)  aGrand dictionnaire encyclopédique Larousseb(Epinette des Vosges)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bunder Zither (Simpler zithers have either fretted strings (e.g. Norwegian langeleik, Alsatian épinette des Vosges) "00465nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113562001400130670011700144680007000261mp201301525420140224113456.8130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015254  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aequal voices  wgachorus  aHarvard dictionary of music, 4th ed.b(Equal voices: voices of the same type when employed in a polyphonic work)  iA chorus in which all the voices parts are for one type of voice.00965nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001000131462000900141562001400150670010100164670009400265670036200359670006200721mp2013015255DLC20140224113456.8010914|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015255zsh 85089659   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aer hu  aerhu  wgahu qin  aChiang, C. Jiang Jian-hua plays compositions for er-hu and symphony orchestra [SR] p1988b(erhu)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instrumentsb(erhu (erh-hu) two-string fiddle of the Han Chinese)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001:bunder Huqin (long round neck of hardwood with two tuning-pegs dorsally mounted at the upper end; lower end is inserted into a hardwood resonator; resonator may be either hexagonal, octagonal or tubular in shape, and one end is covered with the skin of a python (or other snake), glued around the outer edges)  aYin yue bai ke ci dian, 1998:bp. 441 (Nan hu, see Er hu)00796nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002400131670034900155680010400504681003000608mp2013015256DLC20140224113456.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015256  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aeuphonium  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:beuphonium (valved brass instrument of widely conical profile, essentially a tenor tuba in 9′ B. The mouthpiece is cup-shaped and generally somewhat deeper than that preferred by trombonists playing instruments of similar pitch. The instrument was invented by Sommer of Weimar about 1843 as the ‘euphonion’)  iThe tenor instrument of the tuba family. For the baritone of the saxhorn family seeabaritone horn.  iNote underabaritone horn00713nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562001900128670010000147670010000247670013500347680006100482mp2013015258DLC20140224113456.9060831|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015258  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afêli  wgagoblet drum  aWork cat.: Stone, R.M. Liberia, Bong County and Monrovia, Kpelle, 1988:bdocumentation (fêli)  aGrovemusic WWW site, Aug. 15, 2005:bLiberia, musical instruments (goblet drum (Kpelle fêli))  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instrumentsb(feli; single-headed goblet drum with attached metal rattles of the Kpelle people of Liberia)  iA single-headed goblet drum with attached metal rattles.00284nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113462001800130562001400148mp201301525920140224113456.9130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015259  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afemale voice  awoman's voice  wgasinger00575nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001100113562001800124670031100142mp201301526020140224113457.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015260  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afiddle  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bfiddle (generic term for any chordophone played with a bow. It includes all such instruments, whether of art or popular music, and hybrid types which do not conform to any more standardized pattern. Colloquially, ‘fiddle’ is often used for a member of the violin family)00443nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002200126670016100148mp2013015261DLC20140224113457.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015261  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afife  wgaductless flute  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bfife (small cylindrical transverse Flute, but with a narrower bore and hence a louder, shriller sound than the flute proper)00892nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462002500141462002500166462002400191462002300215562001200238670006600250670016000316670021000476mp2013015262DLC20140224113457.1861128|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015262  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afife and drum corps  acorps, drum and fife  acorps, fife and drum  adrum and fife corps  afife and drum band  wgaband  aWork cat.: Duthaler, G. Trommeln und Pfeifen in Basel, c1985.  aNew Grove dictionary of musical instrumentsb(under Fife: fife and drum corps; drum and fife bands (British); Fife and Drum Corps of Colonial Williamsburg)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bunder USA/Traditional music (Fife has been closely associated with the fiddle since the Revolutionary War, where it was played by local militia units in fife and drum corps)00831nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001000136462000900146562002800155670005600183670006600239670031900305670001300624mp2013015263DLC20140224113457.1990929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015263  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afinger cymbals  azilia  azils  wgaconcussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 94-775379: Isaacson, M. Seraglio, c1993.  aDelgado, M.S. Zils, the art of playing finger cymbals, c1977.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(finger cymbals: small cymbals played in pairs, one on the thumb and the other on either the index or middle finger; zil (zile): cymbals of the ancient and modern Islamic world; nowadays finger cymbals played in south-east Europe and Turkey; the Greek term for the instrument is zilia)  aMarcuse.00388nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113562002300133670011000156mp201301526420140224113457.1130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015264  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afinger snapping  wgabody percussion  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bunder Latin America, Flamenco, Iraq, Hungary, Brazil, Sound effects, etc.00690nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001800131670007200149670032300221mp2013015265DLC20140224113457.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015265  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aflageolet  wgaduct flute  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(flageolet: a kind of duct flute)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bflageolet (kind of Duct flute: the term; appears in French literary sources from the 13th century onwards and seems to have been used for a variety of ‘pastoral’ pipes, including panpipes and reedpipes, the three-holed tabor pipe and other duct flutes that were not true recorders.)00920nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001100129462001200140462001200152562003300164670006900197670019000266670015200456670010600608mp2013015266DLC20140224113457.2920228|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015266  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aflaviol  afabiol  aflabiol  afluviol  wgapipe (musical instrument)  aWork cat.: En Quirze Perich, flabiolaire, 1987:bp. 19 (Flabiol)  aNew Grove mus. instrumentsb(Flaviol, duct flute, a tabor pipe of Catalonia, played with the left hand. The drum of this pipe and tabor combination is attached to the player's left arm)  aMarcuseb(Flaviol, small flageolet of 1) Andorra and the French Pyrenees and 2) Catalonia and Roussillon. Also called fabiol, flabiol, and fluviol)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:b(flaviol: alternative spelling of flabiol, the Catalonian tabor pipe)01088nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002400132670005900156670005400215670006300269670006200332670010900394670039100503mp2013015267DLC20140224113457.2020826|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015267  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aflugelhorn  wgabrass instrument  aWeb. 3b(Flügelhorn or Fluegelhorn, also Flugelhorn)  aAm. heritage dict.b(Flügelhorn or Fluegelhorn)  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(Flugelhorn, from Ger. Flügelhorn)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(Flugelhorn, also Fluegelhorn)  aLC database, Aug. 19, 1997b(usage in English titles: Flügelhorn (5); Flugelhorn (6); Fluegelhorn (6))  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bflügelhorn (valved brass instrument pitched in B with the same compass as the cornet. It has the conical bore, wide bell and large format of its parent the keyed bugle. The mouthpiece cup is deep, almost funnel-shaped, and a sliding mouthpipe serves as the tuning-slide; plays a leading role in most continental bands as it has done for over a century)00939nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001600127462001800143462002100161562002200182670001200204670042900216680010000645mp2013015268DLC20140224113457.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015268  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aflute  aBoehm flute  aconcert flute  atransverse flute  wgaductless flute  aWeb. 3.  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bflute (Term used to refer to a vast number of wind instruments, from the modern orchestral woodwind to folk and art instruments of many different cultures. Generically...any instrument having an air column confined in a hollow body – whether tubular or vessel – and activated by a stream of air striking against the edge of an opening, producing what acousticians call an ‘edge tone’)  iThe flute of European art music. For generic uses of flute seeaductless fluteioraduct flute.00358nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001600113462001900129562002500148680005100173mp201301583920140224113457.4131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015839  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aflute choir  aflute ensemble  wgawoodwind ensemble  iAn ensemble of two or more flutes of any type.00804nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113462001900130462001800149462002000167462001500187462001800202562002300220670011300243670017900356670006300535mp201301584020140224113457.4131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015840  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afoot tapping  aclapping, foot  afoot clapping  afoot percussion  apodorhythm  atapping, foot  wgabody percussion  aThe session WWW site, Apr. 23, 2013:b(Foot clapping (podorythm) in sessions; french canadian foot clapping)  aVazzy WWW site, Apr. 23, 2013:b(Of Acadian origin, Suzanne Leclerc sings and plays a variety of percussion instruments including foot-tapping (podorhythm), spoon playing...)  aVazzy WWW site, viewed October 31, 2013b(foot percussion)00850nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001200132670007500144670005700219670014000276670012600416680012600542mp2013015269DLC20140224113457.5870612|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015269  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aframe drum  wgadrum  aWork cat.: Gurdjieff, G.I. Music composed in collaboration [SR] p1982.  aNew Grove Dict. of Musical Instrumentsb(Frame drum)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bframe drum (Directly struck drum (membranophone) with one or two heads stretched over a frame or hoop.)  aHornbostel., E.M. Classification of musical instruments, in Ethnomusicology : an introduction, 1992:bp. 454 (Frame drum)  iA struck drum, with or without handles, in which the depth of the body does not exceed the circumference of the membrane.00737nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562001700132670023300149670013000382680007900512mp201301527020140224113457.5130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015270  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afree aerophone  wgaaerophone  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bunder Aerophone (Aerophones are subdivided into ‘free aerophones’ (e.g. the bullroarer), in which vibrations are set up in a body of air unconfined by the structure of the instrument, and ...)  aHornbostel., E.M. Classification of musical instruments, in Ethnomusicology : an introduction, 1992:bp. 458 (free aerophone)  iAn aerophone in which the vibrating air is not confined by the instrument.02074nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117562001700142670005800159670019400217670021800411670034000629670005300969670022201022670052201244680009001766mp2013015271DLC20140224113457.6021001|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015271  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afree reed instrument  wgaaerophone  aWork cat.: sn 99009004: The free-reed journal, c1999.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Oct. 1, 2002:bunder Free reed (free reed instruments; refs. to accordion, concertina, harmonica, reed organ, khaen, keledi, mouth organ, saenghwang, and shō)  aOxf. comp. mus., 2002b(free reed: the type of reed used in the accordion, American organ, bandoneon, concertina, harmonica, harmonium, and melodica, and in such East Asian mouth organs as the shō and the sheng)  aBaker's dict. mus.:bfree reed (family of wind instruments in which a series of reeds are securely attached at one end but move freely at the other; keyboard instruments such as the harmonium, mouth-blown instruments such as the Chinese cheng and Japanese sho, and hand bellows-driven instruments, such as the accordion and concertina)  aNew Harvard dict. mus.:bunder Reed (free reeds)  aWeb. 3:bfree reed (a reed in a musical wind instrument whose edges do not overlap the edges of the opening over which it is fixed and that is used typically in the harmonium or concertina; contrasted to beating reed)  aCenter for the Study of Free-Reed Instruments WWW site, Oct. 1, 2002b(devoted to fostering and serving as a resource for scholarly research on all aspects--organology, sociology, repertory, performance practice, etc.--of all free-reed instruments, from the harmonium, so popular in India, and mouth-blown sheng family of Southeast Asia, China, and Japan to the western "art-music" repertories for the English concertina and accordion to the many types of "squeezebox" and harmonica as used in myriad folk traditions)  iAn instrument in which the reeds move freely at one end, not overlapping any opening.00967nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113562001200131562002700143670044500170670010500615680008900720mp201301527220140224113457.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015272  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afriction drum  wgadrum  wgafriction instrument  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bfriction drum (membranophone sounded by friction, either direct or indirect) under Drum (The membrane on direct friction drums is rubbed either by the hand, which may be wet or rosined, by a leather ‘plectrum’ or by a stick which passes back and forth through a hole in the membrane. The membrane on indirect friction drums is made to vibrate by friction on a cord or stick in contact with the drumhead.)  aHornbostel., E.M. Classification of musical instruments, in Ethnomusicology : an introduction, 1992.  iA drum in which the membrane is made to vibrate through direct or indirect friction.00302nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113562001700136562002700153mp201301527320140224113457.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015273  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afriction idiophone  wgaidiophone  wgafriction instrument00560nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113562001800137670017700155680009400332mp201301527420140224113457.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015274  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  afriction instrument  wgainstrument  aHornbostel., E.M. Classification of musical instruments, in Ethnomusicology : an introduction, 1992:bp. 453 under friction idiophones, p. 454 under friction membranophones  iAn instrument sounded by the use of direct or indirect friction to the instrument itself.00808nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113562001500133670053800148mp201301527620140224113457.8130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015276  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agaita (bagpipe)  wgabagpipe  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bgaita (Term used in Iberia, eastern and south-eastern Europe, North Africa and Latin America for an aerophone, usually an oboe or a bagpipe. In Spain, gaita can signify the Duct flute; in the Basque region the terms gaita and dulzaina signify an oboe; in Galicia, Catalonia and parts of the Pyrenees gaita is the term for a bagpipe; in Colombia, the gaita is an end-blown duct flute of the Atlantic coastal region, made from long tubes of a cactus-like plant; NewHarv.: bagpipe of Spain and Portugal)01552nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462002000134562003300154670056600187670009700753670053200850mp2013015277DLC20140224113457.8961114|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015277  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agaita (pipe)  aflauta pastoril  wgapipe (musical instrument)  aWork cat.: 95-123126: La gaita y el tamboril, 1989:bp. 15-20 (A duct flute with 3 finger holes called gaita in parts of Spain and Portugal, referred to more generically as flauta pastoril; similar instruments are called flaviol in Catalonia, fobiol in the Balearic Islands, txistu in Vasco-Navarro) p. 29-100 (usually held and fingered with the left hand while the right hand beats a drum (tamboril) strapped to the player's body; the Spanish-Portuguese gaita-tamboril combination is similar to the English pipe and tabor and the French galoubet and tambourin)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(In Spain, gaita signifies a duct flute or bagpipes)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:b(Term used in Iberia, eastern and south-eastern Europe, North Africa and Latin America for an aerophone, usually an oboe or a bagpipe. In Spain, gaita can signify the Duct flute; in the Basque region the terms gaita and dulzaina signify an oboe; in Galicia, Catalonia and parts of the Pyrenees gaita is the term for a bagpipe; in Colombia, the gaita is an end-blown duct flute of the Atlantic coastal region, made from long tubes of a cactus-like plant; NewHarv.: bagpipe of Spain and Portugal)00602nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001300130462001100143562003300154670012600187670011900313mp2013015278DLC20140224113457.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015278  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agaloubet  ajombarde  atxistu  wgapipe (musical instrument)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(galoubet: a three-holed pipe of the pipe and tabor ensemble; colloquial variant jombarde)  aNew Grove Online April 6, 2013:bgaloubet (three-holed pipe of the Pipe and tabor ensemble; of Provençal origin)00614nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001700129670014500146670010500291680006000396mp2013015279DLC20140224113457.9080918|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015279  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agambang  wgaxylophone  aAsian music, 2008:bv. 39, no. 2, p. 59 (Mrázek, Jan. Xylophones in Thailand and Java: A Comparative Phenomenology of Musical Instruments)  aOxford music online, July 14, 2008:b(Gambang; wooden or bamboo xylophone of Indonesia and Malaysia)  iA wooden or bamboo xylophone of Malaysia and Indonesia.01270nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002500129462002100154462001300175562002900188670014600217670037600363670021200739680011300951mp2013015280DLC20140224113458.0080109|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015280  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agamelan  agamelan gegenggongan  agamelan genggong  agamelang  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Various ensembles or orchestras in Java, Bali, Madura and other areas where Javanese and Balinese have settled)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Jan. 3, 2008:b(The gamelan gegenggongan, used for dance and musical performance, consists of genggong (bamboo jew's harps), suling, kendang, guntang and ceng-ceng); under Jew's harp (In Bali, the gamelan genggong consists of about 15 boys playing string-operated instruments accompanied by a gong, a suling (flute) and a kendang (drum))  aGarland online, Oct. 2013:b(ensembles known as gamelans (usually bronze, but sometimes made of other materials), comprising gongs, metallophones, kettle gongs, and drums, unified by their musical structure)  iAn ensemble from Bali, Java, and the surrounding areas consisting of various gongs, metallophones and drums.00857nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562001500136670035700151670015000508680004100658mp2013015281DLC20140224113458.0100512|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015281  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agamelan degung  wgagamelan  aNew Grove WWW site, May 12, 2010b(Gamelan degung; small ensemble, found only in Sunda; instrumentation for classical repertory includes gong, gong-chimes (jengglong and bonang), metallophones (cempres and peking), kendang, and suling degung; instrumentation for modern repetory may also add kempul, gambang, rebab, two sarong barung, and kacapi siter)  aGarland encyc. world music. Southeast Asia, 1998:bp. 706 (Gamelan degung, the other primary Sundanese gamelan [in addition to gamelan salendro])  iA small gamelan ensemble from Sunda.01151nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462001400139562001500153670028600168670043900454680008800893mp2013015282DLC20140224113458.0100513|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015282  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agamelan gong gede  agong gede  wgagamelan  aGarland encyc. world music. Southeast Asia, 1998:bp. 744 (Gamelan gong gede; largest of Bali's gamelans; only a few sets remain today. Court gamelans before colonization, most were reforged as gong kebyar to meet the change of Balinese aesthetics during and following colonialism)  aNew Grove online, May 13, 2010b(Indonesia. II: Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. 1. Bali. (iii) Gamelan ensembles. (c) Middle ensembles. Gamelan gong gede ("great gong"). This rare, stately ensemble is closely connected with the temples and old court ceremonies; instruments are enormous, with thick, bronze-keyed metallophones, gong-chimes, ceng-ceng kopyak and huge drums played with mallets; the number of musicians required can reach 50)  iA large gamelan ensemble associated with Balinese temples and old court ceremonies.01616nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462001600141562001500157670062800172670060200800680004401402mp2013015283DLC20140224113458.1100511|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015283  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agamelan gong kebyar  agong kebyar  wgagamelan  aNew Grove WWW site, May 11, 2010b(Indonesia. II: Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. 1. Bali. (iii) Gamelan ensembles. (d) New ensembles. Gamelan gong kebyar. This 20th-century ensemble and musical style developed in north Bali around 1915, when the need arose for instruments that would accommodate virtuoso kotekan at newly increased tempi, with dynamic contrasts and an extended four-octave range (five including the gong). Gong kebyar remains the most popular and ubiquitous ensemble in Bali. Many earlier ensembles were melted down to create gong kebyar with two-octave gangsa to allow for extension of single-octave melodies.)  aGarland encyc. world music. Southeast Asia, 1998:bp. 745 (Gong kebyar; includes the gong ageng, kempur, and kendang lanang and kendang wadon, a large ten-bar metallophone (giying or penugal), four mid-range (pemade) and four octave-higher (kantilan) gender metallophones; a low-octave pair (or two pairs) of single-octave gender (calung or jublag) play the nuclear melody, and the lowest-octave pair of gender (jegogan) punctuate the nuclear melody at regular intervals; other instruments such as suling and rebab are often included. The reong consists of twelve kettles played by four musicians)  iA 20th century gamelan from North Bali.01299nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001000135562001500145670060400160670022400764670006700988680006201055mp2013015284DLC20140224113458.1100511|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015284  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agamelan jegog  ajegog  wgagamelan  aNew Grove online, May 11, 2010b(Indonesia. II: Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. 1. Bali. (iii) Gamelan ensembles. (e) Bamboo ensembles. Gamelan jegog. Found only in west Bali, where bamboo grows to an enormous size, each xylophone in this ensemble is made up of eight tubes that may reach three metres in length with a circumference of 60-65 cm; it is struck with mallets and has a powerful, earth-shaking sound. It is tuned to a rare four-tone tuning that may be pelog-derived. Often more than one jegog ensemble play in competition with one another, first alternating and then finally playing together.)  aGarland encyc. world music. Southeast Asia, 1998:bp. 754 (Gamelan jegog; an ensemble of bamboo xylophones, the smallest of which include 30.5 cm long split bamboo bars, and the largest of which are up to 4 meters long)  aTenzer, M. Balinese music, 1991:bp. 91 (Gamelan jegog; Jegog)  iA gamelan consisting of bamboo xylophones from West Bali.01344nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117462002200143462001800165462002200183562001500205670025800220670019800478670034500676680011701021mp2013015285DLC20140224113458.2100512|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015285  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agamelan joged bumbung  agamelan pajogedan  ajoged bumbung  apejogedan bumbung  wgagamelan  aTenzer, M. Balinese music, 1991:bp. 89 (A group of four or more tingkliks with added flutes, drums, and an ersatz gong made by hanging an enormous bamboo key (metal is sometimes used) over a resonator is called gamelan joged bumbung, or gamelan joged.)  aGarland encyc. world music. Southeast Asia, 1998:bp. 754 (pejogedan bumbung, also called gamelan joged; accompanies social dance; consists of tingklik, with kendang, rincik, suling and kempur)  aNew Grove online, May 12, 2010b(Indonesia. II: Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. 1. Bali. (iii) Gamelan ensembles. (e) Bamboo ensembles. Gamelan pajogedan. Also referred to as joged bumbung (bamboo dance), this ensemble of bamboo xylophones (rindik) is modelled after palegongan and accompanies a social dance form based on legong dance movements)  iA gamelan consisting of four or more tingklik with added flutes, drums and gong, used to accompany social dance.01535nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002900117462002900146462002100175462002100196562001500217670042000232670055900652670008701211680003101298mp2013015286DLC20140224113458.2100511|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015286  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agamelan semar pegulingan  agamelan semar pagulingan  asemar pagulingan  asemar pegulingan  wgagamelan  aGarland encyc. world music. Southeast Asia, 1998:bp. 747 (Gamelan Semar pegulingan; Semar pegulingan; originally a court orchestra; instrumentation includes a fourteen-kettle trompong and several pairs of metallophones, often only diferent sizes of gender, but sometimes high-pitched saron; two kendang, a large kempur, kajar, rebab, and suling; one or more small sets of cymbals and other percussive instruments.)  aNew Grove online, May 11, 2010b(Indonesia. II: Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. 1. Bali. (iii) Gamelan ensembles. (c) Middle ensembles. Gamelan semar pagulingan. The name of this ensemble (Semar, the god of love sleeping) refers to its original performance context: adjacent to the bedchamber of the nobility and played during love-making. The oldest form of this ensemble, in the seven-tone pelog (saih pitu) tuning, was almost extinct during McPhee's time in the 1930s and has since been revived, but it is still rare. Later semar pagulingan are pentatonic.)  aLC database, May 11, 2010b(Semar pegulingan (predominant form); Semar pagulingan)  iA court gamelan from Bali.01088nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001100131462001000142462001200152462001100164562001400175670003300189670013300222670025100355670015800606675001200764680008200776mp2013015287DLC20140224113458.3010914|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015287zsh 85089659   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agao hu  agaohu  ahigh hu  ayue hu  wgahu qin  aKan, S. Kao hu chi fa, 1982.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.:bv. 1, p. 717, under erhu (gaohu, high hu, occupies a leading position in the Cantonese ensemble)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001:bunder Huqin ("high fiddle," High hu;" Cantonese erhu introduced from Shanghai in the 1920s; same basic construction as erhu but somewhat smaller and usually with a tubular resonator; steel strings)  aZhongguo yin yue ci dian, 1984:bp. 113 ("high fiddle," also called yue (Cantonese) hu, nan hu; same basic construction as er hu; higher tone than er hu)  aMarcuse  iA string instrument similar to the er hu, but smaller and with a higher tone.01001nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462000900127562001400136670005900150670012600209670010000335670007900435670019300514680008800707mp2013015288DLC20140224113458.3010914|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015288  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  age hu  agehu  wgahu qin  a96706579: Tsʻai, P. Shao nien yu, 1984:bt.p. (ko hu)  aZhongguo yin yue ci dan, 1984:bp. 118 (Ko hu; translation: leather fiddle; based on erh hu and other string instruments)  aNew Grove dict. of mus.:bv. 2, p. 31 (gehu: large Chinese four-string fiddle of modern design)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instrumentsb(covered at one end with python skin)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001:bunder Huqin ("reformed fiddle," four-stringed, from the 1950s; tuned as a cello, cello fingerboard grafted onto a larger tubular resonator)  iA large four-stringed Chinese instrument from the 1950s that is tuned like a cello.00555nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562002500128670009800153670008900251680005700340mp2013015289DLC20140224113458.4070425|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015289  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agender  wgamallet instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 25, 2007b(Multi-octave Metallophone of Java and Bali)  aNew Grove Online April 6, 2013:bgender (Multi-octave metallophone of Java and Bali)  iA multi-octave mallet instrument from Java and Bali.00765nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001400129462001200143462001200155562001200167670011600179670028800295mp2013015290DLC20140224113458.4110222|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015290  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aghaṭa  aghaṙā  aghaṭi  akaṭam  wgadrum  aWork cat.: 95904225: Pālacantrarāju, E. Kaṭam vācikkak kar̲r̲ukkoḷḷuṅkal, 1993b(usage: Ghatam)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments, 1984b(ghaṭa; ghaṭam; ghaṙā: terms used in South Asia for a waterpot; all occur widely in various musical contexts; as in modern times, primarily Struckpots; historical usage may apply to skin-covered pots, pot-drums or membranophones)00597nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129462001000141562001800151670005600169670017900225675001100404mp2013015291DLC20140224113458.4010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015291  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aghichak  agidzhak  agijak  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: 93723200: Ata Avlyev, gidzhak [SR] 1986.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(Ghichak (gidzhak, gijak), spike fiddle of northern Afghanistan and the Turkmen, Uzbek, Uighur, Tajik, and Karakalpak peoples of Central Asia)  aWeb. 301089nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002600127562002900153670018900182670023300371670024000604680006300844mp2013015292DLC20140224113458.5020529|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015292  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aglass  wgafriction idiophone  wgapercussion instrument  aLockwood, A. The glass world [SR] p1997:bcontainer (many types, shapes and sizes of glass are used and manipulated in a variety of ways so as to extract from them their latent sounds)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments, 1984:bp. 51 (glass instruments; glass containers as resonators; instrumentarium includes: glass marimbas, glass voice-resonator bowls, glass icicles, glass shepherd flute, silcia shakers)  aNew Grove Online May 5, 2013:bunder Percussion (glass fragments are crushed while others are dropped into a ‘bottle tree’ in Annea Lockwood's Glass Concert (1966) and crockery is smashed in Ligeti's Nouvelles aventures (1962–5))  iA glass of any shape or size manipulated to produce sound.01030nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462001300137462002100150462002100171462002000192562002600212670038000238670021800618mp2013015293DLC20140224113458.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015293  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aglass harmonica  aarmonica  aglasses, musical  aharmonica, glass  amusical glasses  wgafriction idiophone  aNew Grove Online May 5, 2013:bmusical glasses (Bell-type instruments made of glass or other brittle material that if rubbed in a certain fashion will respond like the strings of a bowed instrument, though with less capacity for nuance; may also be struck, with moderate force, for quasi-plucking and melodic tremolo effects as on a xylophone, a method that prevails in Asia)  aGrove music online, viewed October 17, 2013:bunder Musical glasses (Musical glasses [armonica; harmonica; glass harmonica]; bell-type instruments made of glass or other brittle material that are rubbed or struck)01332nz  a2200313n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001400134462001400148462002100162462002200183462002500205462002600230462001000256462001500266462001500281462002000296462002100316562002500337670013600362670013000498670009200628670010200720670019600822mp2013015294DLC20140224113458.6020729|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015294  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aglockenspiel  abell lyra  abell lyre  abells, orchestra  abells, orchestral  abells (glockenspiel)  achimes (glockenspiel)  aglock  alyra, bell  alyre, bell  aorchestra bells  aorchestral bells  wgamallet instrument  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(abbreviation "glock"; American "bells"; the smaller diatonic set of bells known in England as chimes)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(similar instrument used in military and marching bands ... often termed a bell lyra or bell lyre)  aEncyc. of percussion, c1995:bp. 41 (glockenspiel; used in English for orchestra bells)  aBaines, A. The Oxford companion to musical instruments, 1992b(orchestra bells, see glockenspiel)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bglockenspiel (percussion idiophone, a Metallophone with tuned metal bars (usually of steel) of graduated length, arranged in two rows like the piano keyboard)00526nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001200133670007500145670016000220mp2013015295DLC20140224113458.6871201|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015295  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agoblet drum  wgadrum  aWork cat.: Akhbari, D. The art of the Persian santur [SR] 1983? p1982.  aNew Grove dict. musical instrumentsb(Goblet drum ... of particular importance in the Islamic world and its vicinity but most of all in the Arab countries)00618nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001000126462000900136462001000145562001800155670013500173670012800308mp2013015296DLC20140224113458.7010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015296  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agoge  agodie  agoje  agonje  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: Goge, H. Niger [SR] p1999:binsert (goge, single string spike fiddle, found throughout West Africa under various names)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Goge; Goje; Gonje; Godie; single-string fiddle of the savanna area of West Africa)00442nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002800126670015400154mp2013015297DLC20140224113458.7910326|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015297  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agong  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Gong: a percussion instrument of either definite or indefinite pitch in the form of a circular metal plaque)01194nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562002900129670011600158670037900274670016100653670021000814mp2013015298DLC20140224113458.8050225|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015298  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agonrang  wgainstrumental ensemble  aWork cat.: 2003530913: Jansen, A. Gonrang Simalungun, struktur dan fungsinya dalam masyarakat Simalungun, 2003.  aNew Grove WWW site, June 23, 2005:bIndonesia, VI, 2 (Sumatra, Selected musical cultures and regions. (d) Simalungun (two major ceremonial ensembles both use large and small gongs, the double-reed sarunei bolon and optional cymbals, but are distinguished by the number of drums: the gonrang sidua-dua employs two, the gonrang sipitu-pitu (also called gonrang bolon), seven.)  aGarland, vol. 4, 1998:bp. 607 (Simalungun gonrang ensembles have six or seven drums, or in the gonrang dagang two two-sided drums, an oboe, and four gongs)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst., 1984b(Gonrang. Main ceremponial instrumental ensemble of the Simulungun Batak people in North Sumatra; accompanies communal ceremonial dancing at funerals and other ceremonies)00920nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001200126462001000138462001000148462001000158462001300168462001300181562001900194670007300213670024300286670016100529mp2013015299DLC20140224113458.8030224|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015299  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agora  agom-gom  agorah  agorra  agowra  at'goerra  at'gorrah  wgamusical bow  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(goura: mouth bow of Southern Africa)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Feb. 24, 2003:bGora (string-wind instrument found only in southern Africa; other spellings: gorah, gorra, goura, gowra, kora, t'goerra, t'gorrah and gom-gom; resembles a simple mouth-resonated musical bow)  aNew Grove Online April 5, 2013:bgora (resembles a simple mouth-resonated musical bow, but is sounded by blowing on a piece of quill attached to the string)01132nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462002100133462002000154562001200174670009400186670017300280670007700453670035500530680004100885mp2013015300DLC20140224113458.9940217|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015300  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agottuvadyam  ablock instrument  amahanataka vina  wgavina  a94-701082: Ravikiran, N. South Indian ragas [sound recording] p1987:blabel (Gottuvadyam)  aNew Grove musical instruments:bv. 2, p. 70 (Goṭṭuvādyam (mahānāṭaka vīṇā) v. 3, p. 734 (9. Fretless vīṇā: Goṭṭuvādyam (block instrument))  aNew Grove online: India, subcontinent of, II, 6, (1) (Table 15: plucked)  aNew Grove Online April 8, 2013:bunder Vīṇā (unfretted lute of Karnatak music;structurally a sarasvatī vīṇā without frets, but, uniquely for a southern classical instrument, it has from 7 to 13 sympathetic strings, which run from their pegs (set in the distal side of the neck) through and along the fingerboard under the main strings.)  iA fretless vina from Southern India.01305nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462002000128462001300148462001300161562003000174670006000204670009700264670047800361670017600839680007201015mp2013015301DLC20140224113458.9910606|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015301  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agralla  agrall de pastor  axaramita  axirimita  wgadouble reed instrument  aExposició gralles i grallers, 1989:bp. 7 (La gralla)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instrumentsb(Gralla, oboe of Catalonia, it is similar to the dulzaina)  aNew Grove Online April 8, 2013:bunder Gaita (alternative name for an oboe elsewhere known as chirimía or gralla (in Catalan)); under Spain/Traditional and Popular music (in some areas of the country the gaita is a conical wind instrument with a double reed, known also by the names of dolçaina or gralla; under Shawm (The Spanish dulzaina (or pito) and the Catalan gralla, smaller shawm-like instruments, were apparently developed independently and in a rural context)  aWikipedia, viewed October 31, 2013b(Gralla (instrument); also known as grall de pastor, xaramita, xirimita; traditional Catalan double reed instrument in the oboe family)  iA small shawm-like double-reed instrument from Catalonia and Spain.00263nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113562001600137mp201301530220140224113459.0130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015302  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agreat bass recorder  wgarecorder01121nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000900126462001200135462001100147462001300158562003000171670010700201670008400308670002000392670005000412670042900462mp2013015303DLC20140224113459.1001002|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015303  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aguan  abili  aguan zi  aguanzi  akuan tzu  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: 92-752895: Min tsu yüeh chʻi chʻuan tʻung tu tsou hsuan chi. Kuan tzu chuan chi, 1985.  aNG mus. inst.b(Guan (Kuan); also called guanzi, bili; oboe of the Han Chinese)  aMarcuseb(Kuan)  aChung-kuo yin yüeh tzʻu tien, 1984b(Kuan)  aNew Grove Online April 8, 2013:bguan (Double-reed pipe of the Han Chinese; used in ceremonial ensembles throughout northern China. The present-day guan (measuring from about 18 to about 23 cm) is made of a short tube of wood, with seven frontal finger-holes, one (or sometimes two) thumb-holes and a large double reed (with about 3 cm protruding from the mouth of the instrument) held in shape by a wrapping of copper wire)00489nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001200131462001100143462001000154462001100164462001200175462001300187562003100200670005200231mp2013015304DLC20140224113459.1010917|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015304  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agŭdulka  agadulka  agamlka  agjold  akemene  akopanka  atsigulka  wgabowed string instrument  aNew Grove instr.b(Gadulka: Fiddle of Bulgaria)01391nz  a2200373n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001100131462001000142462001000152462001600162462001100178462001200189462001300201462001200214462001200226462001100238462001100249462001200260462001100272462001100283562002000294670006900314670015800383670011900541670007000660670008500730670013800815680006400953mp2013015311DLC20140224113459.2980506|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015311  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agunibrī  agimbri  agmbri  agnbri  agogo (lute)  agombri  aguembri  aguenbrit  aguimbri  aguinbri  agumbri  agunbri  agunibri  ahejhuj  asintir  wgaplucked lute  aMusic of Islam and Sufism in Morocco [SR] 197-:bnotes (guinbri)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.:bv. 2, p. 86 (Guinbri; large plucked lute with one to three strings of North Africa; various spellings listed in article)  aMoroccan Gnawi songs [SR] 1989:bnotes (Gnawi lute goes by a variety of names, including sintir, hejhuj, and gogo)  aBallets et troubadours du pays Chleu [SR] 196-:bnotes (guenbrit)  aGnaoua lila [SR] p1995:blabel (Les maitres du guembri = the masters of guimbri)  aNew Grove Online March 8, 2013:bunder Morocco (gunibrī (a three-string semi-spiked lute with a hollowed-out, teardrop-shaped body)  iA plucked lute with one to three strings from North Africa.01447nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001300127462001000140462001400150462001300164562003500177670042300212670043300635670017301068mp2013015305DLC20140224113459.3020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015305  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aguiro  acalabazo  aguayo  aralladera  arascador  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aWork cat.: 98187539: Ortiz, F. El guayo o la ralladera, la quijada, c1995:bp. 6 (in Cuba the terms "guayo," "güiro," and "calabazo" are generally used to refer to the same instrument) p. 9 (a dried, peduncular gourd with parallel incisions across its width over which a scraper is passed to produce sound; in eastern Cuba, this is also called a ralladera (often confused with the metal instrument called the rallo))  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(guayo: metal scraper of Cuba and the Dominican Republic; in Cuba it has been largely replaced by the gourd scraper, also known as guayo (or güiro); a cow horn incised with marks may also be used as a guayo; güiro: scraper of the Caribbean, Panama, and South America; in Cuba it is also known as guayo or rascador; also applied to the atcheré, a large rattle with external strikers)  aWeb. 3b(guiro, pl. guiro, (AmerSp güiro), a percussion instrument of Latin American origin made of a serrated gourd and played by scraping a stick along its surface)00883nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462002000128462002200148462002100170462002000191462002000211462001900231562002000250670040700270mp2013015306DLC20140224113459.3110308|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015306  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aguitar  aacoustic guitar  aarched-top guitar  aclassical guitar  aflamenco guitar  aflat-top guitar  aSpanish guitar  wgaplucked lute  aGrove music online, viewed October 31, 2013b(Guitar; at string instrument of the lute family, plucked or strummed, and normally with frets along the fingerboard; other names given: acoustic guitar, classical guitar, flat-top guitar; close variations include the flamenco guitar, which is lighter weight and has the strings closer to the frets and the arched-top guitar, altered to produce more volume)00443nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462002100137562003500158670004100193680005100234mp2013015307DLC20140224113459.4950209|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015307  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aguitar ensemble  aguitar orchestra  wgaplucked instrument ensemble  a95-752485: Visser, D. Vagans, c1992.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more guitars.00817nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462002300141462002200164562002000186670014800206670002500354670025600379mp2013015309DLC20140224113459.4960409|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015309  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aguitarra portuguesa  aguitar, Portuguese  aPortuguese guitar  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove insts.b(Guitarra portuguesa, a modern folk descendant of the guitarra (Port.); a long-necked lute, related to the Spanish bandurria)  aLC database, 4/9/96.  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bunder Portugal (The guitarra, also called guitarra portuguesa, is a local adaptation of the ‘English guitar’, which was introduced to Portugal in the second half of the 18th century by the British colony in Oporto)01208nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462002500133562002000158670005400178670009100232670020500323670044600528680004000974mp2013015310DLC20140224113459.5940705|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015310  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aguitarrón  aguitarrón mexicano  wgaplucked lute  a94-701771: Vela, J.A. The guitarrón book, 1990.  aNew Grove, instr.:bGuitar, p. 106 (Mexican guitarrón is large 4-string bass guitar)  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bunder Guitar (The modern Mexican guitarrón is a large six-string bass guitar, tuned A′–D–G–c–e–a (19th-century versions usually had four or five strings)  aWikipedia, viewed October 31, 2013b(Guitarrón mexicano; "a very large, deep-bodied Mexican 6-string acoustic bass played traditionally in mariachi groups. Although similar to the guitar, it is not a derivative of that instrument, but was independently developed from the sixteenth-century Spanish bajo de uña... The guitarrón is fretless with heavy gauge strings, most commonly nylon for the high three and metal for the low three. ")  iA fretless bass guitar from Mexico.00978nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127562001800137670007200155670007100227670008100298670027500379680009600654681002200750mp2013015312DLC20140224113459.5010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015312  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agusle  agusla  wgabowed lute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Gusla)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Gusle, single-string fiddle of Yugoslavia)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Gusle, bowed chordophone of Yugoslavia)  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bgusle (Single-string bowed lute of south-eastern Europe. The root of the term exists in all Slavonic languages denoting various types of chordophone. Also: One- or two-string fiddle of the Balkan countries, used to accompany epic songs.)  iA single-string bowed lute of Southeastern Europe. For the psaltery from Russia seeagusli.  iNote underagusli01026nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127562001600137670015700153670003100310670035000341678001100691680009600702681002200798mp2013015313DLC20140224113459.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015313  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  agusli  ahusli  wgapsaltery  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(gusli: a psaltery (box zither) made from thin strips of wood in the form of a rounded-off trapezoid with concave flanks)  aEncyc. of Ukraineb(Husli)  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bgusli (The term has had a variety of meanings, primarily designating three different kinds of psaltery found in Russia, namely: (1) the gusli shlemovidnïye (‘helmet-shaped’ gusli); (2) the gusli krïlovidnïye (‘wing-shaped’ gusli) and (3) the gusli pryamougol′nïye (‘straight-sided’ gusli).)  agusle.  iA psaltery from Russia. For the single-string bowed lute of Southeastern Europe seeagusle.  iNote underagusle00591nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001100130562001800141670023200159680004200391mp2013015315DLC20140224113459.6010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015315  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahaegŭm  ahyegum  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. onlineb(in some documentary sources also known as hyegum; two-string spike fiddle of Korea; neck of bamboo or wood, tubular soundbox of large bamboo root or hardwood; bow of bamboo with loose horsehair)  iA two-string spike fiddle from Korea.00295nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113462001900131562002300150mp201301531620140224113459.7130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015316  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahand clapping  aclapping, hand  wgabody percussion00747nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001800136562002700154670024000181670010300421680005300524mp2013015318DLC20140224113459.7030709|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015318  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahandbell choir  ahandbell team  wgapercussion ensemble  aNew Grove Dict. of Mus. online, June 13, 2003:bunder Acoustics (there are a estimated 40,000 handbell choirs in the USA alone) under Handbell (Western handbell music is usually performed by a "team" or "choir" of four to 15 "ringers")  aGoogle search, June 13, 2003:bhandbell choir(s) (ca. 25,000 hits) handbell team(s) (ca. 200 hits)  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more handbells.00972nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001200130670037300142670024400515680005500759mp2013015317DLC20140224113459.8010904|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015317  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahandbell  wgabell  aNew Grove dict. mus., 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 30, 2001b(Handbell (Fr. clochette, sonnette; Ger. Tischglocke, Handglocke; It. campanello a mano; Sp. campanilla, esquila); A bell with a handle (shaft or loop), held in the hand for ringing. Usually it has a clapper inside and is swung to produce a sound, although it may also be held stationary and tapped with a hammer)  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bhandbell (bell with a handle (shaft or loop), held in the hand for ringing. Usually it has a clapper inside and is swung to produce a sound, although it may also be held stationary and tapped with a hammer)  iA bell with a handle held in the hand for ringing.00706nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001400132670006400146670005600210670017100266680009900437mp2013015319DLC20140224113459.8910130|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015319  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahandchimes  wgachimes  aWork cat.: Bunting, L.C. Introduction to handchimes, c1984.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Handchime)  aWikipedia, viewed October 17, 2013:b(Handchime; musical instrument rung by hand, similar to handbells; usually tuned square tubes with an external clapper mechanism)  iA chime, usually in the shape of a square tube, with an external clapper that is rung by hand.00876nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462001900138462001600157562001800173670021000191670017900401680011400580mp2013015321DLC20140224113459.8100127|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015321  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahardanger fiddle  aharding fiddle  ahardingfele  wgabowed lute  aGrovemusic online, viewed November 11, 2013b(Hardanger fiddle [Harding fiddle]; a folk violin of Western Norway, generally having 4 strings above the fingerboard and 4 or 5 wire sympathetic strings below)  aGarland Encyclopedia of World Music, 2001:bv. 8, p. 411 (hardingfele; an elaborately ornamented violin with four or five sympathetic strings running beneath the fingerboard)  iA traditional violin of Western Norway with four or five sympathetic strings running beneath the fingerboard.00652nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562003300136562001400169670009200183670013400275680007300409mp2013015322DLC20140224113459.9990205|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015322  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharmonic canon  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aWork cat.: 99-386016: Drummond, D. Before the last laugh, c1995:bt.p. (harmonic canon)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(a plucked box zither invented by Harry Partch; has 44 or 88 strings and movable bridges)  iA plucked box zither with 44 or 88 strings invented by Harry Partch.00660nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002000131562001900151670034400170mp2013015323DLC20140224113459.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015323  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharmonica  amouth harmonica  wgamouth organ  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bharmonica (Name given at different times to various mus. instrs. Today its prin. meaning is the mouth-organ, a small wind instr. invented in 1830s with metal reeds, one to each note, which is held against the lips and moved from side to side according to the note desired. The term also meant mus. glasses)00371nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162002300131562002900154680005400183mp2013015324DLC20140224113459.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015324zsh 85145015   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharmonica ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more harmonicas.00703nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562003300126670021000159680014900369681002700518mp2013015325DLC20140224113500.0010727|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015325  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharp  wgaplucked string instrument  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bharp (Generic name for chordophones in which, as defined in the classification system by Hornbostel and Sachs, the plane of the strings is perpendicular to the soundboard.)  iAn unspecified chordophone in which the plane of strings is perpendicular to the soundboard. For the modern Western pedal harp, useapedal harp.  iNote underapedal harp00445nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001200132680013400144681002100278mp2013015535DLC20140224113500.0010727|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015535  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apedal harp  wgaharp  iA modern Western harp. For an unspecified chordsphone in which the plane of strings is perpendicular to the soundboard seeaharp.  iNote underaharp00353nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562003500135680004900170mp2013015326DLC20140224113500.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015326  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharp ensemble  wgaplucked instrument ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more harps.00620nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001600113562001400129562001400143670021400157680010300371mp201301532720140224113500.1130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015327  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharp guitar  wgaguitar  wgazither  aWikipedia, November 12, 2013b(harp guitar; a guitar-based stringed instrument; a guitar, in any of its accepted forms, with any number of additional unstopped strings that can accommodate individual plucking)  iA guitar with any number of additional unstopped strings that can accommodate individual plucking.02298nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001600131562002500147670010400172670002600276670004000302670058600342670022900928670052401157670029001681675001101971680007401982mp2013015328DLC20140224113500.1070329|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015328  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharp-lute  abridge harp  wgastring instrument  aWork cat.: W.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1939-1940b(Swedish lute double guitar)  aNew Grove mus. instr.  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 29, 2007b(Harp-lute (ii). A generic term for certain types of guitar that developed in England between 1798 and 1828, all slightly shorter than the conventional guitar and characterized by a soundbox 38-45 cm x 33-40 cm x 8-15 cm with a vaulted back. Harp-lute (i) A term used by Hornbostel and Sachs in their system of musical instrument classification for a family of West African chordophones because of their superficial similarity to the Western lute (see Chordophone). In fact they share more characteristics of the harp than the lute)  aGalpin Society journal, v. 14 (1961):bp. 23 (323. harp lutes; the plane of the strings lies at right angles to the soundtable; a line joining the lower ends of the strings would be perpendicular to the neck; notched bridge)  aGrove music online, Nov. 6, 2013:bunder Harp-lute (1) (generic term formerly used for a group of West African instruments of which the best known is the Mandinka Kora; they have now been reclassified as Bridge harps) under Bridge harp (these instruments were classified as harp-lutes by Hornbostel and Sachs, but as the neck performs no other function than that of string-holder, and they conform in other respects to the definition of harp, the name 'bridge harp' was proposed for them by Roderic Knight in the 1970s)  aGrove music online, viewed Nov. 2, 2013b(harp-lute; A generic term for certain types of guitar that developed in England between 1798 and 1828, all slightly shorter than the conventional guitar and characterized by a soundbox 38–45 cm × 33–40 cm × 8–15 cm with a vaulted back)  aWeb. 3  iAn unspecified instrument in the Sachs-Hornbostel harp-lute category.00838nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462002200138562002000160670028900180680021100469mp2013015329DLC20140224113500.2070329|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015329  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharp-lute guitar  aguitar, harp-lute  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 29, 2007b(under Harp-lute (ii): Edward Light devised a harp-lute-guitar, with a theorbo-like second pegbox and 11 strings tuned B♭-e♭-f-g-a♭-b♭-c'-d'-e♭'-g' b♭' and notated a major 6th higher. The four lowest strings were unfretted)  iAny one of the family of instruments invented by Edward Light in the late 18th and early 19th centuries that combined aspects of the guitar or lute with an extended harp-styled neck that held extra strings.00528nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113562002700128562003300155562001400188670011500202680005300317mp201301533020140224113500.2130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015330  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharp-piano  wgakeyboard instrument  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bharp-piano (Instrument in the shape of a harp, fitted with a keyboard action)  iA harp-shaped instrument fitted with a keyboard.02335nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001700133462002000150462001800170462001900188462002700207462002500234462002000259462001600279562003300295562001400328670010200342670065300444670040901097670039901506680014001905mp2013015331DLC20140224113500.2051202|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015331  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharp zither  achord zither  afretless zither  aguitar zither  aMacArthur harp  amandolin guitar zither  amandolin harp zither  amandolin zither  azither harp  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aWork cat.: MacArthur, M. Lessons for the MacArthur harp and for all numerical harp zithers, 1986.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Dec. 2, 2005:bHarp zither ([guitar zither] (1) A type of zither without a fingerboard, manufactured from the late 19th century onwards and found mostly in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and the USA. Variants include the "mandolin guitar zither" or "mandolin harp zither," which has double stringing; (2) A variant of the modern fretted zither that has a pillar between the wrest plank and the body.) Under Zither harp: see Harp zither. Under Mandolin harp: (A chord zither with melody strings arranged in pairs rather than singly; it is also known as "mandolin zither" or "mandolin guitar zither". See Harp zither)  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bharp zither (1. A type of zither without a fingerboard, manufactured from the late 19th century onwards and found mostly in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and the USA. Variants include the ‘mandolin guitar zither’ or ‘mandolin harp zither’, which has double stringing. 2. variant of the modern fretted zither that has a pillar between the wrest plank and the body)  aWikipedia, Nov. 11, 2013:bunder guitar zither (redirected from zither harp; guitar zither (also a chord zither or fretless zither); musical instrument consisting of a sound-box with two sets of unstopped strings. One set of strings is tune to the diatonic, chromatic, or partially chromatic scale and the other set is tune to make the various chords in the principal key of the melody strings)  iA fretless zither with two sets of strings, one tuned to a scale and the other to complete the chords in the key of the melody strings.00426nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562003300129562002200162562001400184670007000198mp2013015332DLC20140224113500.3070419|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015332  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharpola  wgaplucked string instrument  wgatoy instrument  wgazither  aInstructor for Schoennut's harpola, marvellous musical toy, 1906.01087nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001200133462002500145562003300170562001400203670047400217670021400691mp2013015333DLC20140224113500.3030131|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015333  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharpsichord  acembalo  aspinet (harpsichord)  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 13, 2002b(Harpsichord: a stringed keyboard instrument, classified by Hornbostel and Sachs as a box zither; distinguished from the clavichord and the piano by the fact that its strings are plucked rather than struck, and characterized by an elongated wing shape like that of a grand piano; also used as a generic term to include not only the wing-shaped instrument but also other forms such as the clavicytherium, spinet, and virginal)  aNew Grove Dict. of Musical Instrumentsb(Harpsichord (Dutch: klavecimbel; Fr.: clavecin; Ger.: Cembalo, Flūgel, Kielflūgel; It.: cembalo, clavicembalo; Lat., clavicymbalum; Port.: cravo; Sp.: clavicordio))00390nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010004500075040002500120162002500145562002500170680006100195mp2013015334DLC20140224113500.4040112|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015334zsh 85059067 zsh 85059068   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aharpsichord ensemble  wgakeyboard ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more solo harpsichords.01110nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462002000134462002600154462001800180562001400198670006800212670030600280670007700586670012400663670010500787mp2013015335DLC20140224113500.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015335  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asteel guitar  aHawaiian guitar  aHawaiian steel guitar  akīkā kila  wgaguitar  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Hawaiian guitar (steel guitar))  aKanahele, G.S. Hawaiian music and musicians, c1979:bp. 365 (Steel guitar; this Hawaiian guitar (kīkā kila) is played by using a sliding steel bar (kīkā: guitar; kila: steel), instead of the fingers, in stopping or pressing the strings against the frets to produce the desired notes or tones.)  aMcCloud, B. Definitive country, 1995b(steel guitar; pedal steel guitar)  aEncyc. of country music, 1998:bp. 231-232, under Hawaiian music (Hawaiian steel guitar; steel guitar; Hawaiian guitar)  aGrove music online, viewed October 17, 2013:bunder Hawaiian guitar (lap steel guitar; steel guitar)00293nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113462001800130562002300148mp201301533620140224113500.4130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015336  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahead rapping  arapping, head  wgabody percussion00685nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562003000133670027600163680010000439mp2013015337DLC20140224113500.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015337  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aheckelphone  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bheckelphone (double-reed instrument with a wide conical bore and large tone holes;also:wide-bore bass oboe with a spherical bell, devised by the bassoon makers Heckel in 1904 and sounding an octave below the standard oboe (extended to A))  iA double-reed instrument with a wide bore and spherical bell sounding an octave below the oboe.00791nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001200129670018300141670014600324680016300470mp2013015338DLC20140224113500.5051202|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015338  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahelicon  wgatuba  aWork cat.: New Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Helicon: a valved brass instrument made in the same pitches as the military band brass basses in F, E♭ and B♭ but in circular form)  aNew Grove dict. of jazz WWW site, Dec. 2, 2005b(type of bass tuba distinguished from other members of the tuba family by its circular shape)  iA valved brass instrument of the tuba family distinguished by its circular shape, allowing the performer to rest the weight of the instrument on his shoulder.01063nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002900130562002500159670023300184670018500417670017200602680010700774mp2013015339DLC20140224113500.5070725|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015339  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aheliphon  wgaelectronic instrument  wgamallet instrument  aWork cat.: Ziporyn, Evan. Belle Labs, c2006:bt.p. (for violin, clarinet in B-flat and heliphon) t.p. verso (Heliphon, a robotic instrument designed and built by Leila Hassan and Giles Hall as part of the Ensemble Robot project)  aNew Haven Register WWW site, July 19, 2007:bArts, June 24, 2007 (heliphon: 8-foot-high double-helixed robotic xylophone with a two-octave range and keys that light up as it plays)  aChristine Southworth WWW site, July 19, 2007:bPress (heliphon robot, a MIDI-controlled double-helix-shaped xylophone that plays by striking metal keys with solenoids)  iA MIDI-controlled xylophone in the shape of a double helix played by striking the keys with solenoids.00592nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562003000131670021700161680006800378mp2013015340DLC20140224113500.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015340  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahichiriki  wgadouble reed instrument  aGrove music online, viewed Nov. 22, 2013b(Hichiriki; a Japanese oboe; bamboo body with reverse conical bore and 7 finger holes and two thumbholes; performed in gagaku (court music) and native court vocal genres)  iA Japanese oboe made of bamboo and with a reverse conical bore.00323nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113562001400128680005900142mp201301534120140224113500.6130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015341  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahigh voice  wgasinger  iA high-register voice that is not otherwise specified.00351nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113462001500131562002200146680004900168mp201301584420140224113500.6131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015844  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahorn ensemble  ahorn choir  wgabrass ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more horns.00733nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001600126462001700142562002400159670008500183670007300268670005300341680010400394681002900498mp2013015342DLC20140224113500.7040226|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015342  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahorn  aFrench horn  ahunting horn  wgabrass instrument  aLCCN 2003437247: Lütgen, W.A. Quartett für vier Waldhörner, op. 19, c1998.  aGrove music online WWW site, Feb. 26, 2004b(Hunting horn: see Horn)  aNew Harvard dict. mus.b(Hunting horn: see Horn)  iAn orchestral valved or valveless French horn. For an unspecified valveless horn seeanatural horn.  iNote underanatural horn00771nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562001200136670011000148670026500258680009000523mp2013015343DLC20140224113500.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015343  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahourglass drum  wgadrum  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bhourglass drum (directly struck drum (membranophone) in hourglass shape)  aHornbostel, E.M. Classification of musical instruments. In Ethnomusicology: an Introduction, ed. H. Myers, London, 1992) :bp. 454 (211.24. Hourglass-shaped drums: the diameter is mailer at the middle than at the ends--found in Asia, Melanesia and East Africa)  iA struck drum with a body that is smaller in diameter in the middle than at the ends.01044nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001000128562003100138670042400169670017900593680010200772mp2013015345DLC20140224113500.7010914|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015345  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahu qin  ahuqin  wgabowed string instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001b(Generic term for Chinese fiddle, literally 'barbarian string instrument'. The majority of Chinese fiddles are two-string instruments with the bow hair inserted between the strings, but three- and four-string variants are also found. Varieties of huqin are employed in many genres of Chinese music, including opera, regional ensembles and the 'national music' orchestra.)  aLee, Y. Chinese musical instruments:bp. 163 (generic name for bowed strings today; two general types: ones with wooden sounding board and ones with a skin-covered resonator)  iA generic term for a Chinese spike fiddle, usually with two strings, but sometimes three or four.00613nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562002200133670013400155670017800289mp2013015346DLC20140224113500.8001221|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015346  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahuang zhong  wgaductless flute  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(huang chung; bamboo flute of China, known since pre-Christian times; orig. a standard of pitch)  aNew Groveb(in Chinese music theory, a fundamental note of absolute pitch represented by a bamboo pipe of specific length; huang zhong not mentioned as a musical instrument)00748nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462000900133462001600142462001100158462002000169562002700189562001400216670017800230680013400408mp2013015347DLC20140224113500.8070501|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015347  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahurdy-gurdy  alyra  aorganistrum  avielle  avielle à roue  wgafriction instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 30, 2007:bUnder Lyra ii (term used for various instruments, most often string instruments; Virdung used the term for the hurdy-gurdy)  iAn instrument in which a crank-turned rosined wheel vibrates the strings, whose pitches are manipulated on a keyboard or buttons.00614nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002700117562002000144562001900164670016900183675010400352mp2013015348DLC20140224113500.8090512|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015348  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ahydraulic barrel organ  wgabarrel organ  wgawater organ  aIllustrated in LCCN 30001212b(Caus, Isaac de. New and Rare Inventions of Water-Works Shewing the Easiest waies to Raise Water Higher then the Spring. London, 1659)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.;aMarcuse. Mus. instr.;aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, May 12, 200900834nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462002000133462001400153462001400167462001400181562002400195670012800219670029300347mp2013015796DLC20140224113500.9991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015796  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awater organ  ahydraulic organ  ahydraulis  ahydraulos  ahydraulus  wgamechanical organ  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.:bHydraulus (The ancient pneumatic organ, in which water was used to control the wind pressure)  aNew Grove Online, April 9, 2013:bunder Water organ (A kind of automatic organ without bellows. It is blown and sounded by air compressed directly by water that is activated by natural forces (e.g. by a waterfall). Water organs play without human intervention once they are set in action)00544nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001100132462001600143562003300159562001400192670011900206680003700325mp2013015350DLC20140224113500.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015350  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aichigenkin  ahankin  aichigen-kin  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(ichigen-kin: single-string long zither of Japan. It is occasionally called hankin)  iA single-string Japanese zither.00581nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113562001800127670019200145680011000337mp201301535120140224113500.9130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015351  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aidiophone  wgainstrument  aGrove music online, viewed November 16, 2013b(idiophone; general term for musical instruments that produce their sound by setting up vibrations in the substance of the instrument itself)  iAn unspecified or undetermined instrument that produces sound through vibration of the instrument itself.00970nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001000137462001100147462001000158462002100168562001500189670049800204680006200702mp2013015352DLC20140224113501.0031114|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015352  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aimzad  aamzad  aanzad  aanzhad  ainzad  arabāba (imzad)  wgarubāb  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Nov. 14, 2003:bunder Rabāb (type of rabāb, single-string fiddle with a high bridge and a curved neck which does not pierce the soundbox but passes under the skin over the rim of the gourd) under Libya (also inzad, amzad; monochord; sometimes known as the rabāba though the two-stringed Arab rabāb does not seem to be played in Libya) under Niger (single-string bowed lute) under Algeria (one-string round fiddle) under Tuareg music (also anzad, anzhad)  iA single-string rubāb with a high bridge a curved neck.00747nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162003200113562002400145670030400169680014000473mp201301535320140224113501.0130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015353  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aindirectly struck idiophone  wgastruck idiophone  aHornbostel, E.M. Classification of musical instruments. In Ethnomusicology: an Introduction, ed. H. Myers, London, 1992) :bp. 452 (indirectly struck idiophone: the player himself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movements of the player)  iAn unspecified or undetermined idiophone in which the percussion is produced indirectly, such as by shaking or scraping the instrument.00365nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113462002300128462002700151680005300178mp201301535420140224113501.1130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015354  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ainstrument  amusical instrument  aunspecified instrument  iAny unspecified or undetermined solo instrument.00377nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002600113562001600139680010000155mp201301581220140224113501.1130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015812  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ainstrumental ensemble  wgaensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of diverse instruments that cannot be described by a more specific term.01062nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001200128462001600140462001800156562001800174670004600192670009200238670007600330670005000406670008000456675025000536680003400786mp2013015357DLC20140224113501.2061116|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015357  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aiwabue  aishibue  astone flute  astone whistle  wgaduct flute  aMurao, S. Ichirei reiichi, 2005b(iwabue)  aDe Ferranti, H. Japanese musical instruments, 2000b(iwabue; small ... flutes of stone)  aPower of Sound and Word WWW site Nov. 15, 2006b(iwabue,or stone flute)  aNihon ongaku daijiten, 1989:bp. 20 (ishibue)  aGoogle search, Dec. 19, 2007b(iwabue; ishibue; stone flute; stone whistle)  aGrove Music Online WWW site Nov. 15, 2006;aSachs, C. Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente, 1962;aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, c1975;aNew Grove. dict. of musical instruments;aMalm, W.P. Traditional Japanese music and musical instrument, 2000  iA small Japanese stone flute.01159nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113462001500127462001600142562002800158670006900186670010700255670010900362670039700471680009700868mp201301535820140224113501.2111116|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015358  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ajaltarang  ajal tarang  ajaltarangam  wgapercussion idiophone  aBiswas, H. Flute & jaltarang duet [SR] 196-?:blabel (jaltarang)  aGrovemusic web site, viewed Nov. 16, 2011:bunder India (jaltarang (set of tuned, water-filled bowls))  aGarland Encyclopedia of World Music online, viewed May 25, 2012:bglossary (jaltarangam, also jaltarang)  aGarland Encyclopedia of World Music, 2001 :bv. 5, p. 332 (The jaltarang 'water waves' is a set of porcelain bowls filled with different levels of water and played by striking the edges with bamboo sticks. Mentioned in Indian musical texts from at least the seventeenth century, the instrument had a minor presence in court music and some currency as an art instrument in the late nineteenth)  iA set bowls tuned by filling them with different levels of water, struck with bamboo sticks.01137nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129462002100142462001200163462002100175562003500196670006200231670002300293670022400316670015200540670012800692680007500820mp2013015359DLC20140224113501.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015359  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ajawbone  ajaw bone  amusical jaw bone  aquijada  aquijada de burro  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.:bunder Rattle: jawbone.  aMarcuseb(Jawbone)  a98-187539: Ortiz, F. El guayo or la ralladera, la quijada, c1995:bp. 21 (quijada; sometimes called "quijada de burro"; the lower jawbone of a horse, mule, or burro with all its teeth; may be struck, rattled, or rubbed)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(quijada; an idiophone of Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador. The quijada de burro is found also in Matanzas Province, Cuba.)  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bunder Mento (indigenous Jamaican folk form) Polynesia, Colombia, Nicaragua, Chile, Europe)  iA jawbone used as an idiophone that may be struck, rattled, or rubbed.00588nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113462001300130462001300143462001500156462001100171462001000182562002500192670018900217mp201301536020140224113501.3130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015360  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aJew’s harp  agenggong  ajaw harp  ajaw's harp  akhomus  atrump  wgaplucked idiophone  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bJew's harp (generic term for a type of mouth-resonated instrument consisting of a flexible tongue, or lamella, fixed at one end to a surrounding frame)00558nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562002800134670015300162675004100315680004400356mp2013015362DLC20140224113501.4010202|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015362  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ajin qian ban  wgaclapper (percussion)  aWork cat.: Tsou, C. Chin chʻien pan piao yen yü hsieh tso, c1985b(Chinese clapper used in storytelling; consists of 3 unattached pieces of wood)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.;aMarcuse  iA Chinese clapper used in storytelling.00902nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001100129562001400140670020700154670020700361670012500568680002700693mp2013015363DLC20140224113501.4010914|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015363  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ajing hu  ajinghu  wgahu qin  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Jinghu (Ching-hu); 2-string fiddle of the Han Chinese, sometimes called huqin (hu-chʻin), though this term more properly refers to Chinese string instruments in general)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001:bunder Huqin (best known higher-pitched fiddle; "capital fiddle," used primarily in Beijing opera; neck and resonator constructed of bamboo; silk strings)  aZhongguo yin yue ci dian, 1984:bp. 199 (two-string instrument commonly known as hu qin; used to accompany Peking opera)  iA high-pitched hu qin.00882nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562003100130562001200161670005500173670002300228670039800251680005100649mp2013015364DLC20140224113501.4930727|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015364  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ajouhikko  wgabowed string instrument  wgalyre  aWork cat.: 93-718905: Nieminen, R. Jouhikko, 1984.  aGrove instruments.  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bunder Finland (The jouhikko or jouhikannel is a two-, three- or four-string bowed lyre that reached Finland from Scandinavia and is related, inter alia, to the Welsh Crwth. Its body is hollowed out from the front and is fitted with a soundboard, with a hole for the hand at one end to enable the melody string of the instrument to be stopped with the knuckles)  iA Finnish bowed lyre with two to four strings.00401nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162000800113562002300121670013500144mp201301536520140224113501.5130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015365  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ajug  wgawind instrument  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:bunder Jug band (the player making buzzing sounds with the lips and the jug acting as a resonator)00542nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002900130670002900159680020800188mp2013015366DLC20140224113501.5010228|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015366  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ajug band  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove dict. of jazz.  iAn instrumental ensemble consisting of one or more jugs used as bass wind instruments that arose among African Americans in the early 20th century as popular entertainment for medicine shows and picnics.00761nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117462001300143462001100156562002000167670008000187670026500267680004700532mp2013015367DLC20140224113501.6970519|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015367  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akacapi (plucked lute)  akacaping  akecapi  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: 96942293: Hasan, S. Kecapi Bugis Makassar, 1994/1995, i.e. 1995.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(kacapi [kacaping] (ii): boat-shaped plucked lute used in the Buginese and Makassar areas of the province of South Sulawesi and on the island of Sumba, Indonesia; kacapi (i): plucked box zither used in Sundanese areas of West Java)  iA boat-shaped plucked lute from Indonesia.00763nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462002000137562003300157562001400190670004800204670026500252680006400517mp2013015368DLC20140224113501.6010830|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015368  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akacapi (zither)  akecapi (Zither)  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aWork cat.: 88945122: Urang duaan [SR] 1978.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(kacapi (i): plucked box zither used in Sundanese areas of West Java; kacapi [kacaping] (ii): boat-shaped plucked lute used in the Buginese and Makassar areas of the province of South Sulawesi and on the island of Sumba, Indonesia)  iA plucked box zither from the Sundanese areas of West Java.00448nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462000900129462000900138462001200147562001900159670010000178mp2013015387DLC20140224113501.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015387  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akhǣn  akaen  akhen  akhène  wgamouth organ  aNew Grove Online April 9, 2013:b(Bamboo free-reed mouth organ of Laos and north-east Thailand)00862nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001400131562002200145670005700167670014800224670026700372680004100639mp2013015369DLC20140224113501.7910703|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015369  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akagurabue  ayamatobue  wgaductless flute  aWork cat.: Loeb, D. Yūkyō : for kagurabue, 1985.  aNew Grove dict. of music and musicians, c1980:bv. 9, p. 514, under Japan (kagurabue; a special long, soft-toned flute with seven finger-holes)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Kagurabue: Japanese transverse flute, with six fingerholes, used in Shinto court music and in some local Shinto shrine music; also called yamatobue; similar to Ryuteki, but longer and thinner and tuned a whole tone lower)  iA six- or seven-hole Japanese flute.02909nz  a2200517n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462002100132462002400153462001600177462002200193462001300215462001200228462001400240462001400254462001400268462001400282462002600296462001300322462001300335462001400348462001300362462001300375462001400388462001400402462001700416462002000433462001600453562001800469670006800487670013300555670005800688670004600746670007500792670003700867670045000904670026301354670026501617670027201882670016802154680006902322mp2013015370DLC20140224113501.8070925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015370  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akamānche  aBlack Sea fiddle  aBlack Sea kemençe  açemençe  afiddle, Black Sea  agemendze  akʻaman  ak'amancha  akamancheh  akāmanja  akamantcha  akaradeniz kemençesi  akemancha  akemanche  akemençe  akemenche  akemendze  akementche  akyamancha  aPontian lyra  aPontic kemenche  aPontic lyra  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: Aroustamian, A. Le kamancheh d'Arménie [SR] p1982.  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Kamānche, spike fiddle of Iran and the Caucasus; Armenia: k'amancha; Azerbaijan and Georgia: kemanche)  aMarcuseb(Kāmanja; also kyamancha, Armenian fiddle)  aMarch 6, 1991b(American Folklife Center)  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Kemancha)  aArt du kamantcha d'Armenia, 1998  aDuman, M. Kemençemin telleri : Karadeniz kemencesi, kemenceciler ve Türküleri, 2004:bp. 12 (the typical instrument of the Black Sea region, the "Black Sea kemençe" (Karadeniz kemençesi) is a saz 50-60 cm long with a long and narrow body, 3-4 strings and a bow. It has no connection with the saz named the "Istanbul kemençesi," the "fasıl kemençesi," or the "kemençe-i rumi" (apparently different names for a single instrument))  aGrove music online, July 11, 2007b(Kamāncheh (kʻaman, kamancha, kamache, kamanja, kʻemanchʻa, kemanche, kemence); kemençe in Turkey; kemençe of the eastern Black Sea coastal region is sometimes called the karadeniz kemençesi ("Black Sea fiddle"))  aWikipedia, July 11, 2007b(A kemenche is a kind of rebec or fiddle from the Black Sea region of Asia Minor also known as the "Kementche of Laz" in Turkey. In Greece and the Pontian Greek diaspora it is known as the "Pontian lyra"; Pontic kemenche; Pontic lyra)  aPicken, L. Folk musical instruments of Turkey, 1975:bp. 296 (Kemençe, kemendze, çemençe (= Black Sea fiddle); the compound name commonly used away from the Black Sea coastal area: Karadeniz kemençesi (= Black Sea fiddle) does not exist in folk use; gemendze)  aEvliya Çelebi. Turkish instruments of music in the seventeenth century, 1976:bp. 44 (the pear-shaped rebec or lyra is now known in Turkey as the kamānc̲h̲a)  iA spike fiddle of the Black Sea region, Pontic Greece, and Iran.00899nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001700134562001700151670023500168670010200403675004300505670010100548680005600649mp2013015371DLC20140224113501.8010123|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015371  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akamele ngoni  akamale ngoni  wgaharp-lute  aWork cat: Kamale Ngoni (Musical group). Kéléa, p1995:binsert (kamale ngoni; recently invented instrument of the Wassolou region of Mali; related to the kora and descended from the three-stringed ngoni douzou (hunter's ngoni))  aGarland encyc. of world music, Africa:bp. 420 (kamele ngoni; six-stringed harp of the Wassoulou)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:bunder Mali (Table 1:Ethnic group, Wasolu; harp, kamalen ngoni)  iA six-stringed harp of the Wassolou region of Mali.00671nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001600133462001300149562001200162670013600174670007000310670006600380680003100446mp2013015372DLC20140224113501.9960412|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015372  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akañjirā  akañcirā  akanjeera  wgadrum  aWork cat.: 94907673: Pālacantrarāju, E. Mirutaṅkam & kañjirā vācikkak kar̲r̲ukkoḷḷuṅkaḷ:bcover (Kañcirā)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Kañjīrā; Kanjeera)  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:b(frame drum of South India)  iA South Indian frame drum.00851nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462001400137462001100151462001200162462001000174562001600184670046900200mp2013015373DLC20140224113501.9030221|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015373  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aBaltic psaltery  akanklės  akannel  akantele  akokle  wgapsaltery  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Feb. 21, 2003:bunder Lithuania/Traditional music/Instruments (a type of plucked zither) under Kantele (Finnish version of a psaltery played throughout the eastern Baltic Sea region, collectively known as "Baltic psalteries". The various names of the instruments are etymologically related. In Finnish they are called kantele or kannel, in Estonian kannel, in Karelian kandele, in Latvian kokle or kuokle and in Lithuanian kankles.)00844nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001100137462001100148462001200159562002200171670007000193670006800263670006100331675001100392670014200403680005700545mp2013015376DLC20140224113502.0950522|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015376  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akaval  acaval  akavali  akavall  aqawūl  wgaductless flute  aWork cat.: 85153960: Draganski, S. Kavalŭt sviri, govori, 1985.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Kaval; kavali; kavall)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, c1975b(Caval; qawūl)  aWeb. 3  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:bKaval (Wooden rim-blown flute of south-eastern Europe and Turkey, similar to the Ney of the Arab world)  iA rim-blown flute of Southeastern Europe and Turkey.00887nz  a2200277n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001400131462001300145462001100158462001200169462001100181462001200192562003300204562001400237670010600251670002400357670005900381670005500440670007700495680003700572mp2013015377DLC20140224113502.1060206|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015377  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akayagŭm  agayagŭm  akaya kum  akayago  akayakko  akayako  akayakum  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(kayagŭm; Korean 12-string plucked long zither; often called kayago)  aMarcuseb(Kaya Kum)  a1979 Chʾang ak hoe chakpʾum chip [SR] 1979b(Kayako)  aYi, Yun-kyn̆g. Monologue, 2005:b(gayagŭm solo)  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:b(Korean 12-string plucked long zither)  iA Korean twelve-stringed zither.00890nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001200137462001700149462001000166462001200176462001200188462001700200462001000217562002400227670021700251670018000468mp2013015378DLC20140224113502.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015378  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akazoo  abazoo  abazooka  aeunuch flute  agazoo  agazooka  agazoota  atommy talker  azarah  wgasinging membrane  aOxford companion to music online, November 17, 2013b(kazoo; An instrument that imparts a rasping, buzzing quality to the human voice; the term is sometimes used generically of all mirlitons or singing membranes)  aGrovemusic online, Nov. 17, 2013b(kazoo [bazoo, bazooka, gazooka, gazoota]; a simple mirliton that amplifies the human voice while imparting a buzzing, rasping quality to it)00879nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129562002800141670010300169670009100272670025900363680007500622mp2013015380DLC20140224113502.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015380  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akemanak  akenawak  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(kenmanak (kenawak); idiophone of the Sundanese areas of West Java)  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:bkemanak (Idiophone of Central Java, played in pairs)  aGarland Encyclopedia of World Music, 2001 :bv. 4, p. 935 (banana shaped metal idiophone of Java and Cirebon) p. 642 (instruments in gamelan performance... Rarer, but essential for certain pieces, is the pair of banana-shaped idiophones known as kemanak)  iA banana-shaped metal idiophone of Java that is usually used in pairs.00970nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117562002300141670005400164670010400218670043900322680003900761mp2013015381DLC20140224113502.3931014|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015381  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akeyboard controller  wgaMIDI controller  aWork cat.: Machover, T. Towards the center, 1989.  aDavis, D. Computer applications in music:bSuppl. I (MIDI keyboard controller; keyboard controller)  aNew Grove Online May 3, 2013:bunder Controller (In electronic instruments, the device that transmits the player’s actions, via electrical connections, to relevant parts of the instrument’s sound generating and shaping circuitry. Usually the controller is a keyboard...Because acoustic keyboard instruments invariably involve a similar degree of operation by remote control, their keyboards may also be designated as controllers.)  iA MIDI with a keyboard controller.00357nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002200113562002900135680007100164mp201301584220140224113502.3131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015842  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akeyboard ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more varied keyboard instruments.00893nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462003300141462003100174462003300205562001800238670029400256670009300550680005600643mp2013015382DLC20140224113502.4070507|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015382  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akeyboard instrument  akeyboard stringed instrument  astring keyboard instrument  astringed keyboard instrument  wgainstrument  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(Instruments sounded by means of a keyboard, especially the piano, organ, harpsichord, and clavichord. The term is often used in the context of music composed before the late18th century, some of which does not distinguish among the different types then in use.)  aGoogle search, May 18, 2007 (keyboard stringed instruments; string keyboard instruments)  iAn unspecified or unidentified keyboard instrument.01111nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001500133462001400148462002100162562001300183670024800196670004100444670007000485670035000555mp2013015384DLC20140224113502.5020723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015384  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akeyed bugle  aKent bugle  aKent horn  aroyal Kent bugle  wgabugle  aWork cat.: Eliason, R.E. Keyed bugles of the United States, 1972: p. 5 (keyed bugles are soprano brass instruments with side holes and keys like a clarinet or saxophone; variously called the Royal Kent Bugle, patent Kent Bugle, or keyed bugle)  aDudgeon, R.T. The keyed bugle, 1993.  aDudgeon, R.T. The keyed bugler's companion ... keyed bugle, 1987.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed., WWW site, May 31, 2001b(keyed bugle, key bugle, Kent bugle, Royal kent bugle, Kent horn; a conical, wide-bore soprano brass instrument with sideholes controlled by keys similar to those found on woodwind instruments. It is the precursor of the modern flugelhorn. In the Hornbostel-Sachs system it is classified as a trumpet)00993nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001500134462001500149462001500164462001600179462002100195462002200216562001800238670021100256670030800467mp2013015385DLC20140224113502.6010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015385  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akeyed fiddle  akey fiddle  alökkelje  anyckelgiga  anyckelharpa  aSchlüsselfidel  aSchlüsselfiedel  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Nyckelharpa; nyckelgiga; schlüsselfidel: a keyed fiddle used throughout Scandinavia and in North Germany for popular dance and festive music. Known as lökkelje in Norway)  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:bunder Nyckelharpa (bowed chordophone with a key mechanism, formerly known in England as ‘keyed fiddle’; as far as can be ascertained, first existed in Scandinavia; has survived until modern times within a small area of Sweden centred around the province of Uppland)00962nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001500135670012900150670053700279mp2013015386DLC20140224113502.6010523|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015386  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akeyed trumpet  wgatrumpet  aWork cat.: Dahlqvist, R. The keyed trumpet ... 1975:bp. 3 (The keys cover tone-holes and when opened they raise the pitch.)  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, May 31, 2001b(A trumpet, generally with two double bends held in a horizontal plane. In the type developed by the Austrian trumpeter Anton Weidinger, the keys are brought together on one side of the instrument so as to be operated by one hand only; the other hand merely holds the instrument. Austrian specimens are usually fingered with the left hand, Italian ones with the right. The keys cover soundholes, and when opened raise the pitch. Haydn's Trumpet concerto in E♭ was written for Weidinger.)01931nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001900126562001600145670038200161670062500543670048401168680009701652mp2013015388DLC20140224113502.7061018|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015388  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akhim  akim (dulcimer)  wgadulcimer  aDolmetsch online music dictionary, Aug. 2, 2006b(Khim, see kim; Kim (Southern Thailand) a hammered dulcimer with three strings per course similar to the Chinese yang chin. Both have Arabic origins; Kim (Vietnam), see nguyeät; Nguyeät (Vietnam) also called the kìm, a guitar-like instrument with a long neck, which emits muted sounds, having 2 strings made of silk braid)  aWikipedia, Aug. 2, 2006b(The khim (pronounced "kim," with a rising tone, in Thai) is a hammered dulcimer from Thailand and Cambodia. It is made of wood and trapezoidal in shape, with numerous brass strings. It is played with two flexible bamboo sticks and is used as both a solo and ensemble instrument. The instrument was introduced to Thailand and Cambodia from China, where a similar (though usually larger) instrument is called yangqin; the khim produces a significantly softer sound. Traditional khim have two bridges, though in the late 20th century some players began using larger instruments with more bridges.)  aGrove music online, Aug. 2, 2006b(under Dulcimer nomenclature: The Mandarin Chinese term Yangqin ("foreign string instrument") is the commonest one in the orient, and it has also been borrowed in Indian Sanskrit. The term used in Mongolia is yoochin; in Korea yanggŭm; among the Central Asian Uighurs yenjing; in Thailand khim. Like European dulcimers, these usually have long bridges (chessmen only occasionally), vertical tuning-pins and an acute angle of about 60 degrees.)  iA hammered dulcimer of Laos and Thailand that is similar to, but smaller than, the yang qin.00698nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001800127670007400145670004500219670017700264680008700441mp2013015389DLC20140224113502.7930723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015389  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akhlui  wgaduct flute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Khlui: bamboo duct flute of Thailand)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Khlui; Khlùi)  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:bkhlui (Bamboo duct flute of Thailand; seven fingerholes (six on the khlui ū) and a thumbhole at the back; the duct is also on the back.)  iA bamboo duct flute from Thailand with six or seven finger holes and a thumb hole.01037nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001900136462001500155562002800170670008700198670006100285670016300346670026900509680005300778mp2013015390DLC20140224113502.8930723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015390  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akhō̜ng wong  akháw-ng wong  akhong vong  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.:bunder Khō̜ng (khō̜ng wong; circles of gongs)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Khō̜ng wong; Kháw-ng wong)  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:bunder Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic):two circular gong-chimes, khong vong nyai (lower) and khong vong noi (higher))  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 4, p. 935 (khawng wong lek: smaller circle of sixteen bossed gongs from Thailand; khawng wong yai: larger circle of eighteen bossed gongs from Thailand; khong vong: Lao series of bossed gongs on circular rattan frame)  iA group of bossed gongs set on a circular frame.00949nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462002100139562002900160670013000189670006600319670014300385670013700528680009000665mp2013015391DLC20140224113502.8110624|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015391  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akhrū̜ang sāi  akhrư̄angsāi  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(khrū̜ang sāi; indoor inst. ens. of Thailand comprising string inst., perc., and a flute)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(khrư̄angsāi; khrư̄ang sāi)  aNew Grove Online April 10, 2013:bunder Thailand, Kingdom of (many kinds of ensembles...khrū̧ang sāi (strings, percussion and flute))  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 4, p. 935 (khrū̜ang sāi: Thai court entertainment ensemble of strings and flute)  iA instrumental ensemble consisting of strings and a flute and used in the Thai court.00748nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001500136562001900151670019200170670005700362670009900419680004800518mp2013015392DLC20140224113502.9080620|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015392  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aklō̜ng ǣ  aglaw-ng æ  wgagoblet drum  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.:bunder Klō̜ng (a much larger version of the klō̜ng yāo is the klō̜ng ǣ; used mainly in Buddhist temples in the northern provinces of Thailand)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Klǭng ǣ; Glaw-ng æ)  aMus. of Fine Arts Boston WWW siteb(Goblet drum (klong ae)); Marcuse, under Klong (Thai: drum)  iA large Thai drum used in Buddhist temples.00882nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462001600137562001900153670009700172670005900269670030400328680006800632mp2013015393DLC20140224113502.9930723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015393  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aklō̜ng yāo  aglaw-ng yao  wgagoblet drum  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.:bunder Klong (Klō̜ng yāo is a single-headed goblet drum)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Klō̜ng yāo; Glaw-ng yao)  aWikipedia, Nov. 17, 2013b(klong yao: a long drum used in Thailand. It is generally slung over the shoulder and played with the hands. It has a wooden body and a drumhead made from water buffalo skin, and is usually decorated with a colorful skirt. It is played in many festival parades in Thailand)  iA Thai drum played with the hands and used in festival parades.00728nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130562002200142670007900164670019800243670005700441680004800498mp2013015394DLC20140224113503.0030911|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015394  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akōauau  akooauau  wgaductless flute  aWork cat.: He nguru, he kōauau : a user's guide to Māori flutes, 1996.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(Kooauau [kōauau]; open-tube flute of the Māori people of New Zealand, 12 to 15 cm. long, bore of 1 to 2 cm., 3 finger holes, some made of wood, others of bone)  aReed dict. of modern Māori, 1995b(kōauau flute)  iA flute of the Maori people of New Zealand.00613nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117562002000125670007800145670007900223675010500302680003600407mp2013015395DLC20140224113503.0051214|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015395  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akob  wganatural horn  aWork cat.: Wolf, R.K. India and Pakistan, 1991-1998:bdocumentation (kob)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 5, p. 984 (kob; Kota curved brass horn)  aGrovemusic WWW site;aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments;aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975  iA curved brass horn from India.00959nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127562002000137670008600157670055800243mp2013015396DLC20140224113503.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015396  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akobza  akobsa  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(kobza: plucked lute of the Ukraine, now obsolete)  aNew Grove Online April 11, 2013:bunder Zither (in Czechoslovakia the zither name is ‘kobza’, which in Romania denotes a true lute); under Canada (Other traditional instruments, such as the lira (hurdy gurdy), kobza (plucked lute), mandolin and violin all remain part of the Ukranian Canadian tradition); under Ukraine (Common traditional instruments include: the kobza (lute));under Europe (In Romania... the usual accompaniment to the fiddle was the kobza, a short-necked lute with bent-back pegbox, with the kobza providing a rhythmic framework.)00708nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462000900127562003000136670008100166670010300247670011800350680005800468mp2013015398DLC20140224113503.1050927|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015398  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akoḷ  akoul  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: Wolf, R. K. India and Pakistan, 1991-1998:bdocumentation (koḷ)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 5, p. 984 (koḷ; Kota double-reed aerophone with conical bore)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(kōl (koul); oboe of the Kota people of the Nilgiri Hills, south India)  iA double-reed instrument of the Kota people of India.01061nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001200133462001800145462000800163562003300171562001400204670009200218670002300310670006900333670013200402670023100534680005400765mp2013015401DLC20140224113503.1100419|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015401  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akŏmunʾgo  agomungo  ahyŏnʾgŭm  akum  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aSachs. Hist. of mus. instr., 1940:bp. 187 (kum or komunko; Korean fretted long zither)  aMarcuseb(Komunko)  aSong, B. The sanjo tradition of Korean kŏmunʾgo music, c1986.  aMusique instrumentale de la tradition classique, 1988:bcontainer verso (Gomungo san-jo = Improvisation à la cithare gomungo)  aGrovemusic online, November 18, 2013b(Kŏmun’go; Korean six-string, fretted, plucked long zither; in Chinese-character texts it is referred to as hyŏnʾgŭm; used in court and folk ensembles and in the solo genre sanjo)  iA six-stringed fretted, plucked, zither of Korea.00652nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002000127670014000147670011800287680008900405mp2013015402DLC20140224113503.2990527|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015402  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akomuz  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: Kirghizes et Kazakhs [SR] p1997:bprogram notes, p. 20 (the komuz is a long-necked lute ... without frets ... three strings)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instrumentsb(komuz; unfretted three-stringed lute of the Kirghiz people of Central Asia)  iA long-necked, unfretted, three-stringed lute of the Kirghiz people of Central Asia.00923nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130562001200142670009100154670015000245670035800395mp2013015403DLC20140224113503.2010731|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015403  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akong hou  akonghou  wgaharp  aWork cat.: 98463085: Kʻung hou tʻien ti, 1996:bt.p. (k'ung hou; kong hou [in rom.])  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Konghou; K'ung-hou; generic term for various historical Chinese string instruments, usually translated as 'harp')  aNew Grove Online April 11, 2013:bunder China (konghou harp; Chinese ‘horizontal’ konghou (which was a zither in appearance if not in name)) under Harp/Asia (vertically held angular harp; dominant type remained the light angular type which in China (called konghou) reached the zenith of its popularity during the Sui and Tang dynasties (581–907))00891nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001000137562002000147670007500167670017200242670029500414mp2013015404DLC20140224113503.3970605|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015404  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akopuz  aqopuz  aqupuz  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: 93-954971: Ramazan Güngör ve üç telli kopuzu, 1993.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(kopuz (qopuz, qupuz), long-necked lute, dating from the 11th cent., played by the Oğuz Turkish tribes of south Central Asia)  aNew Grove Online April 11, 2013:bunder Ottoman music (Iranian ensemble…kopuz lutes); under Bağlama (By the 11th century, a long-necked lute similar to the bağlama, called kopuz, was the favoured instrument of the minstrel poets (ozan) of the Oğuz Turkish tribes of south-west Asia)00715nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562001700126670006400143670007300207670020300280680006200483mp2013015405DLC20140224113503.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015405  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akora  wgaharp-lute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Kora: a 21 string plucked harp-lute)  aNew Grove Online April 11, 2013:bkora (large 21-string bridge-harp played by the male jali or jeli, professional musician of the Mande people of The Gambia, Senegal, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Mali)  iA 21-string harp-lute of the Mende people of West Africa.00790nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562003300126562001400159670021400173670019400387680003900581mp2013015406DLC20140224113503.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015406  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akoto  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove dict. of music WWW site, Sept. 4, 2009b(Japanese long zither...the modern instrument has 13 silk or nylon strings of equal length and thickness, stretched with equal tension over 13 movable bridges)  aNew Grove Online April 11, 2013:bKoto (Japanese long zither, one of the family of East Asian zithers that includes the Chinese zheng, the Korean Kayagŭm and the Vietnamese Đàn tranh.)  iA Japanese zither with 13 strings.00352nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562003500135680004800170mp2013015407DLC20140224113503.4981201|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015407  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akoto ensemble  wgaplucked instrument ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more koto.00539nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001500131562002200146670016500168680004800333mp2013015408DLC20140224113503.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015408  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akotsuzumi  ako tsuzumi  wgahourglass drum  aNew Grove Online April 11, 2013:bunder Japan/Theatre music (two hourglass hand drums (tsuzumi), the larger ōtsuzumi (also ōkawa) and the smaller kotsuzumi)  iAn hourglass drum used in Japanese theater.00696nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162000900113562001200122670037400134680005400508mp201301540920140224113503.5130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015409  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akrar  wgalyre  aGrovemusic online, November 18, 2013:bunder Lyre (the bowl lyre (known in Amhara today as the krar; strings are attached to yoke with tuning levers) under Eritrea (Songs are accompanied by the krar, a six-string lyre plucked with or without a plectrum) under Ethiopia (Ethiopia has a plethora of lyres... function as an accompaniment of songs praising love and beauty)  iA six-string bowl lyre from Ethiopia and Eritrea.00907nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001600131462001500147462002700162462001500189562002800204670003800232670004400270670033400314675004100648mp2013015410DLC20140224113503.5050707|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015410  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akulintang  agulintangan  aklentangan  akolintang (gong-chime)  akwintangan  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: Palabunibunyan, c1987.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 20, 2001:bKulintang (gulintangan, klentangan, kolintang, kurntangan, etc.; gong-chime of the Philippines, Indonesia and other parts of South-east Asia; term used also for an ensemble of gongs, drums and other percussion instruments in which the kulintang gong-chime is the main constituent)  aWeb. 3;aMarcuse;aSachs;aGeiringer00720nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002300117562002700140670003800167670023200205675004100437680007200478mp2013015411DLC20140224113503.6000128|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015411  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akulintang ensemble  wgapercussion ensemble  aWork cat.: Palabunibunyan, c1987.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bunder Kulintang, 2nd section of article (Kulintang ensemble, consists of kulintang as melody instrument, the other instruments consisting of suspended gongs, drums, and other percussion)  aWeb. 3;aMarcuse;aSachs;aGeiringer  iA Filipino ensemble consisting of two sets of kulintang and a drum.01089nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001000137562002200147670005600169670021900225670039400444680005700838mp2013015412DLC20140224113503.6110518|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015412  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  akurai  akuray  aqurai  wgaductless flute  aWork cat.: 2010495991: Ăth͡hăm quraĭy, 2009.  aMarcuseb(Kurai, vertical flute of the Bashkir of the U.S.S.R., conical, tapering to the lower end, with 4 front fingerholes and a rear thumbhole; the player hums a drone while he plays; 60-70 cm. (24-28 in.) long)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Kurai [kuray]; long end-blown flute of the Bashkir and Tatar peoples, USSR; the player maintains a strong fundamental hum under the flute melody, a style found among widely separated peoples such as Baluchi in Iran and Afganistan and certain east Europeans (for instance, Romanians); among the Bashkirs, the kurai is one of the few surviving folk instruments)  iAn end-blown flute of the Bashkir and Tatar peoples.01101nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001200133670006500145670061400210680011900824mp2013015413DLC20140224113503.6021023|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015413  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alambeg drum  wgadrum  a2001536495: Schiller, R. The lambeg and the bodhrán, 2001.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 14, 2002b(Lambeg drum: large double-headed drum associated with the Ulster Orange Order, traditionally used for accompanying fife tunes in Orange processions. Among the many myths about its origin is one that it was introduced by Duke Schomberg's troops at the time of the Battle of the Boyne (1690). However, its name probably derives from the first use of such a drum at a demonstration about 1894 in the village of Lambeg, near Belfast. The "Lambeg," as it is colloquially known, is beaten with bamboo canes: earlier drums were smaller and beaten with boxwood drumsticks)  iA large double-headed drum associated with the Orange Order in Northern Ireland and traditionally used in parades.00509nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001600131670010400147670006400251680003600315mp2013015414DLC20140224113503.7000313|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015414  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alangeleik  wgapsaltery  aHegge, G. La langeleik [SR] p1999:bnotes inserted (langeleik belongs to the family of box zithers)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Fretted Norwegian box zither)  iA fretted Norwegian box zither.01029nz  a2200301n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001000131462001000141462001400151462000900165462001600174462001600190462001900206462001400225462001400239462001500253562003000268670017400298670009200472670002500564670004300589680009500632mp2013015415DLC20140224113503.7990201|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015415  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alauneddas  aaenas  abenas  abisònas  aenas  aleunéddas  alionéddas  asonus de canna  atriédda  atruédda  atruvédda  wgasingle reed instrument  a99-385803: Lai, L. Metodo per launéddas, c1996b(also called lionéddas, leunéddas, bisònas, enas, aenas, benas, triédda, truédda, truvédda, sonus de canna)  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(launeddas: triple idioglot clarinet of southern Sardinia)  aMarcuseb(launeddas)  aLC database, Feb. 1, 1999b(launeddas)  iA polyphonic single-reed instrument with three pipes that originated in Southern Sardinia.00515nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001600113462001800129562001400147675010900161680009900270mp201301541620140224113503.7130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015416  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alead singer  alead vocalist  wgasinger  aOxford music online, accessed Oct. 14, 2013;aOxford English dictionary WWW site, accessed Oct. 14, 2013  iA performer who sings the main solo vocal portions of a popular song, often as part of a band.00626nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162000900113562002900122670022600151680011500377mp201301541720140224113503.8130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015417  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aleaf  wgapercussion instrument  aNew Grove Online May 20, 2013:bunder Micronesia (rolled-leaf oboe that most Micronesians now consider a toy); under Polynesia (children's amusements such as whistles (kī), the leaf whizzer (pinao) and leaf oboe (pū))  iOne or more leaves from a tree or other plant that produces sound through vibration (as in a reed instrument).01104nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129462001100141562002000152670040200172670028900574680005900863mp2013015418DLC20140224113503.8060118|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015418  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aligawka  alegawka  aligawa  wganatural horn  aWork cat.: 2004453357: Dahlig, Piotr. Muzyka Adwentu, 2003:bp. 278 (folk instrument ligawka (or legawka), an aerophone with mouthpiece, from Mazowsze and Podlasie in Eastern Poland; used by shepherds and as a signal for timber transporting barges; primarily associated with Advent when it was played in the village each morning and evening, and in church during Mass, especially on Christmas Day)  aNew Grove Dict. of musical instrumentsb(Ligawka [ligawa] wooden trumpet of the Mazowsze Region of Poland; 1-5 meters long slightly conical wooden tube either straight or slightly curved; played with funnel-shaped mouthpiece; similar instruments in Poland include bazuna and trombita)  iA wooden aerophone from the Mazowsze region of Poland.01269nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001000113462001400123462001300137462001100150562002200161670030100183670054100484680006201025mp201301541920140224113503.9120202|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015419  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alimbe  agliṅ-bu  agling-bu  alingbu  wgaductless flute  aLimbėdėkh urlag, 2010:bp. 4, etc. (Limbė; Mongolian transverse flute; name derived from Tibetan [Gliṅ-bu]; related to ancient Chinese hengchui or hengdi, today's di or dizi, and the Indian bansuri; 3 sizes: ikh limbė; dund limbė; zhizhig limbė) cover (Lingbu [in Mongolian script])  aGrove music online, Nov. 10, 2011b(Limbe; Classical Mongolian Lingbu; Tibetan Gling-bu; Mongolian side-blown flute; traditionally played by males in Eastern Mongol groups [Mongolia & China (Inner Mongolia, Liaoning Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, Jilin Sheng)]; consists of a tube with a stopped upper end and may have 6 to 12 holes; traditionally made from reed or metal; contemporary instruments may be plastic; during the Communist period a tuner, facilitating a European scale when twisted, was added between the body and the endpiece.)  iA side-blown flute that originated in China and Mongolia.01431nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462001900137462002400156462001700180462002700197562001800224670015900242670008000401670008400481670027600565670036000841mp2013015422DLC20140224113503.9010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015422  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alira da braccio  alira da spalla  alira di sette corde  alira moderna  alyra (lira da braccio)  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: 94009019: Jones, S.S. The lira da braccio, c1995b(other names used in the 16th cent.: lira, lira moderna, lira da spalla, lira di sette corde)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(lira da braccio; Renaissance bowed str. inst.)  aNew Harv. dict. mus.b(lira da braccio; bowed str. inst., late 15th-16th cent.)  aNew Grove dict. of music online, Sept. 14, 2001:blyra ii (term used for various instruments, most often string instruments; 'lyra' and 'lira' in medieval and Renaissance writings designated various string instruments (for instance Lira da braccio, Lirone and Lyra viol))  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:blira da braccio (In its fully developed form, not documented before the late 15th century, the lira da braccio had a body shaped like a violin, but with a wide fingerboard, a relatively flat bridge and a leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal pegs. It normally had seven strings, five on the fingerboard and two off-board drones.)01060nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003100117462003100148562001800179670024200197670004800439670038000487675001100867mp2013015421DLC20140224113504.0010307|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015421  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alira (short-necked fiddle)  alyra (short-necked fiddle)  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: 95150400: Plastino, G. Lira : uno strumento musicale tradizionale calabrese), 1994:bp. 47 (La lira calabrese e un cordofono ad arco a tre corde, di piccole dimensione; è generalamente ricavata; da un unico masselo di legno)  aNew Grove dic. of mus. instr.b(Lyra; lira)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001:bLyra ii (short-necked fiddle of Greece; pear-shaped, bipartite, carved out of a single block of hardwood and a belly made of a separate piece of coniferous wood; usually made by the player in whatever size desired); under Italy II/6: the lyra...found almost uniquely among the Greek-descended communities of southern Calabria)  aWeb. 300655nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001200128562001800140670011300158670006800271670004900339670008500388mp2013015423DLC20140224113504.1010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015423  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alirica  aliritza  wgabowed lute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Liriča, liritza, a three-stringed bowed lyre)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Lirica, three-string fiddle of Croatia)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Lirica)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:bimage of Lirica (three-string bowed chordophone)01312nz  a2200325n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462002200128462001600150462002000166462001400186462001800200462001800218462001600236462001600252462001800268462002000286462001800306462001800324462001800342462001100360562001800371670008600389670034300475670016800818mp2013015424DLC20140224113504.1021002|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015424  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alirone  aarcivioladaslyras  aarciviolata  aarciviolatalira  agran lira  alira (lirone)  alira da gamba  alira doppia  alira grande  alira in gamba  alirone perfetto  alyra (lirone)  alyra de gamba  alyra perfecta  alyrone  wgabowed lute  a2002399275: David, I. Die sechzehn Saiten der italienischen Lira da gamba, c1999.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 28, 2002b(Lirone (lira da gamba, lira in gamba, lyra de gamba, gran lira, lira grande, lirone perfetto, lyra perfecta, lira doppia, arciviolata, arciviolatalira, arcivioladaslyras, lyrone, lyra, lira): a larger relative of the lira da braccio, in use from approximately 1500 to 1700, primarily in Italy)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:b(lira da gamba, a bass counterpart to the lira da braccio, played between the knees like a viol, was developed in the 16th century)00758nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002800132670004200160670019800202670012400400680006400524mp2013015425DLC20140224113504.2040804|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015425  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alithophone  wgapercussion idiophone  aThe Frog Peak rock music book, c1995.  aNew Harvard dict. musicb(lithophone: a stone or set of stones that produces musical sounds on being struck; the stones are either laid on a frame or hung from cords; they are tuned by carving)  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, July 13, 2004b(lithophone: a sounding stone or series of resonant stone slabs or plaques)  iA stone or a set of stones that is struck to produce sound.00518nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562002000129670008800149670011100237675001200348mp2013015426DLC20140224113504.2010726|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015426  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aliu qin  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: 86124515: Liu chʻin yen sou fa, c1977b(liu chʻin; ill. has 4 strings)  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(liuye qin; abbreviated liuqin; small lute of the Han Chinese; may have 2-4 strings)  aMarcuse00426nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562001900134670015100153mp201301542720140224113504.3130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015427  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alive electronics  wgaelectronics  aNew Grove Online May 10, 2013:bunder Stockhausen, Karlheinz (use of electronic equipment in concert to modify the sound of amplified instruments)00574nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001700135670014800152670010400300675001200404mp2013015428DLC20140224113504.4010103|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015428  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alõõtspill  wgaaccordion  aWork cat.: 97170979: Teinbas, T. Lõõtspillidest, lõõtspillimängust ja -mängijatest, 1994b(examples pictured have button keyboards)  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(lõõtspill: accordion of Estonia; introduced at end of 19th cent.)  aMarcuse00251nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113562001400127mp201301542920140224113504.4130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015429  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alow voice  wgasinger00830nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001000130462001400140562001900154670007100173670013900244675005200383670020100435mp2013015430DLC20140224113504.5940121|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015430  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alu sheng  akæng  aliu sheng  wgamouth organ  aWork cat.: 92-756708: Lei-shan lu sheng chʻü hsüan chi, 1981.  aNG mus. inst.b(Lu sheng; mouth organ of tribal sub-cultures of SW China; also inaccurately referred to as liu sheng; Lao name: kæng)  aMarcuse;aChung-kuo yin yüeh tzʻu tien, 1984  aNew Grove Online May 10, 2013:bThe Hmong in Laos, northern Thailand, and southern China use a mouth organ with six tubes (gng or geej), five with a single free reed, one with three (lu sheng).01021nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001100131462002000142562002700162670010800189670007000297670023200367670024000599mp2013015431DLC20140224113504.5071031|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015431zsh 93004743   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aluo gu  aluo gu ensemble  wgapercussion ensemble  aWork cat.: The lion's roar, 1993, c1992:bCIP, p. 15 (The Chinese call their percussion ensemble luogu)  a93715077: The lion's roar, 1993, c1992:bCIP, p. 15 (luogu music)  aHan Ying tzʻu tien = A Chinese-English dictionary, 1979b(1. gong and drum; deafening sound of gongs and drums. 2. traditional percussion instruments. 3. ensemble of such instruments with gongs and drums playing the main part)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 26, 2007:bunder China/Instrumental music/Ensemble traditions (More marginal parts of the modern Chinese classification are luogu (gong-and-drum) percussion ensembles and xiansuo string ensembles)00913nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117562002000125670020700145670041500352mp2013015432DLC20140224113504.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015432  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alur  wganatural horn  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(lur: trumpet dating from the late Nordic Bronze Age, the term "lur" was used in Scandinavia for bark and wooden trumpets played by herdsmen, until late in the 19th cent.)  aNew Grove Online May 10, 2013:blur (A highly distinctive lip-vibrated instrument dating from the late Nordic Bronze Age (it is classified as an aerophone: trumpet). It consists of a conical tube, some 2 to 3 metres in length, made of several sections joined by bands and twisted into the shape of a contorted ‘S’. At the speaking end in place of a bell is a bronze disc ornamented with geometric figures.)00780nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000900126562002000135670024700155680017900402681002900581mp2013015433DLC20140224113504.6070501|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015433  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alute  alyra  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 30, 2007b(plucked chordophone, made of wood, of Middle Eastern origin which flourished throughout Europe from medieval times to the 18th century. Under Lyra ii: Tinctoris referred to the lute as "lyra")  iA fretted plucked-string instrument with a pear-shaped body that was popular in 16th-18th century Europe. For other lute-type instruments, seeaplucked luteiandabowed lute.  iNote underaplucked lute00417nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001700135562003500152680008400187mp2013015434DLC20140224113504.7981201|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015434  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alute ensemble  alute consort  wgaplucked instrument ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more European lutes, often of different sizes.01614nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002000131562002200151670039100173670038700564670011800951670036301069mp2013015435DLC20140224113504.7000501|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015435  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aluthéal  apiano luthéal  wgaprepared piano  aWork cat.: 00297708: Werkman, A. Pièce pour violon et piano-luthéal, 1997, c1999:bt.p. verso (a drawing shows a grand piano shape with draw knob levers (the same as an organ console). Levers 1 and 4 are labeled luth and levers 2 and 3 are labeled clavecin. Levers 2 and 4 may also be pulled out in "half" position. Normal piano sound results when none of the levers are pulled out)  aInternet, URL //let.kub.nl/mousebit, May 1, 2000:bmain menu (Piano luthéal; the luthéal was invented in 1922 by the Belgian, George Cloetens; it is a mechanism built into a grand piano which enables the performer to change the timbre by pulling out stops; Ravel called for this instrument in Tzigane; includes additional history and description of the sound altering mechanism)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(a type of prepared piano called for by Ravel in two works of the 1920's)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:b(modified grand piano with parallel (not overstrung) strings, fitted with a mechanism which caused a ‘pièce de touche’ or buffer to come down on the strings, thereby producing sounds of a very individual timbre. The device was named ‘jeu de harpe tirée’ by its inventor, the Belgian organ builder Georges Cloetens)00441nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001400131462001900145562001200164670010700176mp2013015436DLC20140224113504.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015436  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alyra viol  alyro-viol  aviola bastarda  wgaviol  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:blyra viol (small bass Viol popular in England during the 17th century)01074nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000900126462000900135562003300144670030400177670029000481680012100771mp2013015437DLC20140224113504.8070501|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015437  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alyre  alira  alyra  wgaplucked string instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 30, 2007:bUnder Lyra i (the lyre of ancient Greece) under Lyra ii (term used for various instruments most often string instruments; "lyra" and "lira" in medieval and Renaissance writings designated various string instruments as well as the ancient Greek lyra)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:blyre (string instrument whose strings are attached to a yoke which lies in the same plane as the soundtable (unlike a harp, whose strings lie on a plane at right angles to the soundtable) and consists of two arms and a crossbar; most lyres are plucked.)  iAn unspecified string instrument whose strings are attached to a yoke that lies in the same plane as the soundtable.00954nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001400133670038000147670028100527mp2013015438DLC20140224113504.8070329|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015438  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  alyre-guitar  wgaguitar  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 29, 2007b(A plucked, guitar-like string instrument with a sound box shaped in the image of the ancient Greek lyre. It is classified in the Hornbostel-Sachs system as a chordophone; under Guitar/7. Variants of the classical guitar: 19th-century variant; had two curved arms (recalling the Ancient Greek lyre) in place of the upper bout)  aNew Grove Online May 13, 2013:blyre-guitar (Its popularity grew in mid-18th-century France; with the general expansion of French influence during the Napoleonic era it spread to Italy, Germany, Russia, Sweden and, to a lesser degree, to Spain, England and the United States.)01266nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129562001200142670011100154670047300265670035800738mp2013015439DLC20140224113504.9010111|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015439  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amādal  amādala  wgadrum  aWork cat.: 99937803: Vidyārthī, K.S. 'Birsieko saṃskr̥ti'--pherī doharyāauṃ, 1997b(mādala)  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(mādal (mā̃dal, madal): double-headed drum of eastern India and Nepal; although primarily a tribal instrument, it is used to accompany song and dance by Hindu villagers in border areas, such as the chau dance of Purulia district, West Bengal, and the dalkhai and rasarkali songs of Sambalpur, Orissa; in Nepal, the instrument is of variable size, held horizontally, and struck with the hands; used to accompany secular song and dance)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 5, p. 703, under Nepal (mādal; double-headed cylindrical drum) p. 734, under Orissa (the large, sonorous mādal drum, often used by the Santals, accompanies dalkhai and rasarkeli songs) p. 862, under West Bengal and Bangladesh (cylindrical drum (mādal); usually accompanies jhumur songs and dances of the Santals)00972nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002900132670014200161670004100303670032800344680013000672mp2013015440DLC20140224113504.9110624|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015440  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amahōrī  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Mahōrī; inst. ens. of Thailand, combining melodic and rhythmic percussion and string and wind insts.)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Mahōrī)  aNew Grove Online May , 2013:b(Classical instrumental ensemble of Thailand. It combines melodic and rhythmic percussion with string and wind instruments; Kauffman, W. Sel.mus.terms of non-Western cultures: Thailand, Cambodia. Ensemble of lutes, xylophones, gongs, drums, vertical flutes, and a group of string instruments.)  iAn instrumental ensemble originating in Thailand that combines melodic and rhythmic percussion, string, and wind instruments.00252nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001500113562001400128mp201301544120140224113505.0130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015441  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amale voice  wgasinger00719nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462002500139562002500164562002900189670004300218670010800261670007800369680007800447mp2013015442DLC20140224113505.0931014|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015442  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amallet controller  axylophone controller  wgamallet instrument  wgapercussion controller  aMachover, T. Towards the center, 1989.  aDavis, D. Computer applications in music:bSuppl. I (MIDI mallet controller; MIDI xylophone controller)  aAlternate Mode WWW site, May 7, 2013b(MIDI mallet percussion controller)  iAn electronic instrument that simulates the sound of a mallet instrument.00366nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113562002700133680008400160mp201301544320140224113505.1130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015443  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amallet ensemble  wgapercussion ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more different mallet instruments of any type.00703nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001400129462001200143462001200155462001300167562001600180670032500196mp2013015445DLC20140224113505.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015445  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amandola  amandolino  amandora  amandore  amandorre  wgamandolin  aNew Grove Online May 7, 2013:bunder Mandolin (Any of several types of small, pear-shaped, fretted string instruments plucked with a plectrum, quill or the fingers...Two types were predominant by the mid-18th century: the older mandolino or mandola (often called the Milanese mandolin from the mid-19th century onwards))00512nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001400130562002000144670009300164670009700257mp2013015446DLC20140224113505.2050427|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015446  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amandolin  amandoline  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(plucked chordophone with a fingerboard and a rounded body)  aLCCN 47034202: Leone, Mr. A complete introduction to the art of playing the mandoline, 1785.00421nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462002300139562003500162680007800197mp2013015447DLC20140224113505.3981201|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015447  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amandolin ensemble  amandolin orchestra  wgaplucked instrument ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more instruments of the mandolin family.01182nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001600135462001500151562001600166670007600182670008100258670019000339670022000529670010600749670006500855675003200920mp2013015449DLC20140224113505.4010531|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015449  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amandoloncello  amando-cello  amandocello  wgamandolin  aModern Mandolin Quartet. Pan-American journeys [SR] p1993b(mandocello)  aBickford, Myron A. The Bickford method for mando-cello, c1913b(mando-cello)  aNew Grove dict. mus., 2nd ed. WWW site, May. 31, 2001:bunder Mandolin (Mandoloncello (mandocello), a mandolin tuned like a cello, designed to play in mandolin quartets and orchestras.)  aSparks, Paul. The classical mandolin, 1995:bp. 64 (mandoloncello, part of the classical mandolin quartet) p. 206 (mandoloncello: often called simply the mandocello; tuned like a cello; found in mandolin orchestras)  aNew Harvard dict. mus.:bunder Mandolin (mandocello, a bass, tuned an octave below the alto, C,G,d,a)  aLC classification schedule, 1998 ed.b(MT612: Mandoloncello)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.00411nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562003500128670004200163670002100205670002700226mp2013015450DLC20140224113505.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015450  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amaraca  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(maracas)  aWeb. 3b(maraca)  aRandom Houseb(maraca)00510nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001200135670022900147mp2013015451DLC20140224113505.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015451  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amarching band  wgaband  aWikipediabmarching band (company of instrumental musicians performing outdoors for the purpose of entertainment and sometimes in competition. Instrumentation typically includes brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments.)01222nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001700129562002500146670090500171mp2013015452DLC20140224113505.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015452  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amarimba  amarimbaphone  wgamallet instrument  aNew Grove Online May 7, 2013:bmarimba (Term for a group of idiophones, some of which are plucked (lamellophones) and some of which are struck (xylophones). In parts of eastern and southern Africa, it may denote either type of instrument; in Latin America, mostly used for the calabash-resonated xylophone introduced from Africa; in 19th-century Brazil it also applied to calabash-resonated lamellophones of African origin; in Colombia it is used generically to denote any melodic instruments other than aerophones. The name is now almost universally applied to the commercially manufactured, fully resonated orchestral xylophone developed from Latin American models; NewHarv.: xylophone with resonators under each bar; originally an African instrument; spread to Latin American and remains popular in Mexico and Central America, especially Guatemala, where it is considered the national instrument.)00383nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562002300138670008800161mp2013015453DLC20140224113505.7070711|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015453  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amarimba ensemble  wgamallet ensemble  aWork cat.: 2007563325: Harder, L. Circus plenus clamor ingens ianuae tensae, c2004.00507nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117562003300143562001400176670006000190670009900250mp2013015454DLC20140224113505.7960611|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015454  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amarovany (box zither)  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aWork cat.: 96-703631: Le marovany de Madagascar, p1995.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bMarovany (a type of box zither; also used for valiha)01834nz  a2200385n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001000131462002300141462001500164462002400179462001200203462001200215462001300227462001700240462001700257462001200274462001600286462002000302462001600322462001000338462001100348462001100359462001000370462001000380462001600390562002500406670009700431670014400528670007000672670070600742mp2013015455DLC20140224113505.8001109|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015455zsh 85117426   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ambira  aAfrican hand piano  ahand piano  ahand piano, African  akalimba  akisaanj  akututeng  alamellaphone  alamellophone  alikembe  alinguaphone  amarimba (mbira)  amarímbula  ambila  ansansi  asandza  asansa  asansi  athumb piano  wgaplucked idiophone  aNelson, K.E. The African hand piano, c1987:bp. i (African hand piano) p. 1 (mbila, kalimba)  a95049962: Ottenberg, S. Seeing with music, 1996:bCIP data (instrument called kututeng in Sierra Leone, known elsewhere in Africa as mbira)  aKubik, G. Kalimba, Nsansi, Mbira : Lamellophone in Afrika, c1998.  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(mbira: term used, sometimes in the generic sense, for several types of African lamellaphone or for the keys of such instruments; sanza (sandza, sansa): term for lamellaphones of Zaïre and neighboring territories; many musicologists have used sanza as a generic term for all African lamellaphones; lamellaphone: term for an instrument whose sound is produced essentially by the vibration of thin lamellae or tongues of metal, wood, or other material; various European terms have been applied to this essentially African instrument, for example, thumb piano, hand piano, linguaphone, and sanza; some common African names are mbira, kalimba, likembe, and sansi or kisaanj)00796nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117462002500143462003300168462001800201562001800219670007400237670019300311680009800504mp2013015456DLC20140224113505.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015456  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amechanical instrument  aautomatic instrument  aautomatic musical instrument  aautomatophone  wgainstrument  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.:bAutomatic instrument (also automatophone)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.:bmechanical instrument (the sound is produced automatically, usually without a performer, although some instruments involve a degree of human participation)  iAn unspecified instrument whose sound is produced fully or partially through automated means.00658nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462002000138562002900158562001300187670006300200670006600263670009800329680003700427mp2013015457DLC20140224113505.9991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015457  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amechanical organ  aautomatic organ  wgamechanical instrument  wgaorgan  aBach, C.P.E. Stücke für Spieluhren & Drehorgeln, 1984.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.:bunder Mechanical instruments.  aMarcuse. Musical inst.:bunder types of mechanical organs (mechanical organ; automatic organ)  iAn unspecified mechanized organ.00453nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562002900138562001300167670007800180680003700258mp2013015458DLC20140224113506.0970410|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015458  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amechanical piano  wgamechanical instrument  wgapiano  aGrove music online, accessed Oct. 15, 2013:bunder Mechanical instruments  iAn unspecified mechanized piano.01371nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003200117462004000149462003300189462004100222562001700263670074600280670007401026675007701100mp2013015459DLC20140224113506.0001113|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015459  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amechanical singing-bird box  amechanical singing-bird tabatière  asinging-bird box, mechanical  atabatière, mechanical singing-bird  wgamusic box  aWork cat.: Mayson, G.T. Mechanical singing-bird tabatières, 2000:bjkt. (began life in the 1780s as a rich nobleman's toy and later became an affordable commercial article, consists of a rectangular box made of base metal, precious metal or tortoiseshell with an oval decorated lid. When the lid is lifted a miniature mechanical bird stands upright and produces an unbroken stream of birdsong. At the end of its performance the bird falls back into the box and the lid closes.) p. 13 ('tabatière', meaning 'snuffbox', has come to be used for any small decorative box resembling a snuffbox in form but not necessarily any longer used to contain snuff. Here, it distinguished the small singing-bird box from the larger cage-bird automata.)  aOrd-Hume, A.W.J.G. Music box, 1980:bp. 249 (Mechanical singing bird)  aA collector's guide to antiques, 1997;aPenguin dict. of decorative arts00254nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113562001400130mp201301546120140224113506.0130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015461  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amedium voice  wgasinger00727nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002300131670034800154680007900502mp2013015462DLC20140224113506.1040315|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015462  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amegaphone  wgawind instrument  aNew Grove Online May 8, 2013:bunder Voice modifier (acoustic device that alters the sound of the human voice, typically by amplification, distortion, or changing its apparent location; may be grouped into four categories according to the manner in which the voice interacts with the device: ...focused without obstruction (tubes, megaphones))  iA device used to amplify other media in the performance of a musical work.00604nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003600117562002800153670028900181mp2013015463DLC20140224113506.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015463  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amelodeon (button-key accordion)  wgabutton-key accordion  aNew Grove Online May 8, 2013:bmelodeon (term extensively used in the USA during the first half of the 19th century to designate a small reed organ with a single keyboard and one or two sets of reeds; NewHarv: small, suction-operated reed organ of the first half of the 19th century.)00729nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001300130562001700143670005400160670031900214680002600533mp2013015464DLC20140224113506.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015464  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amelodica  ascaletta  wgaharmonica  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Keyboard harmonica)  aNew Grove Online May 8, 2013:bmelodica (keyboard harmonica manufactured in soprano and alto versions by Hohner in Trossingen from 1958; the name Melodica is nowadays used generically. The instrument, which has 19th-century counterparts such as the harmonicor, is rectangular and has a mouthpiece at the upper end)  iA keyboard harmonica.00521nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562001800134562002200152670020100174mp2013015465DLC20140224113506.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015465  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amelody flute  wgaduct flute  wgatoy instrument  aChildTrek WWW site, May 9, 2013:b(Educo Early Melody Flute: Perfect for toddlers and preschoolers who love musical instruments but do not yet have the fine motor skills to play more complex ones)00479nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002200113562001800135670011900153680007300272mp201301546620140224113506.3130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015466  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amelody instrument  wgainstrument  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bunder Bass (a melody instrument (cello, double bass, viola da gamba, bassoon etc.))  iAn unspecified instrument on which more than one note can be played.00627nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001400130670025700144670008000401mp2013015467DLC20140224113506.3070419|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015467  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ameloharp  wgazither  aSchearer, G.B. Self instructor for the meloharp - Selbst Unterricht für die Meloharp, c1895b(various vols., each for an instrument with a different number of keys for producing different chords, all instruments with 28 strings; strummed with a pick)  aFretlesszithers.com, Mar. 29, 2007b(other models not built to play chords)00715nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113562001800131670033800149680009400487mp201301546820140224113506.4130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015468  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amembranophone  wgainstrument  aGrove music online, accessed Oct. 16, 2013b(membranophone; general term for musical instruments that produce their sound by setting up vibrations in a stretched membrane; subdivided into those which are struck, those which are sounded by friction and those which resonate in sympathy with some other sound (‘singing membranes’))  iAn unspecified instrument whose sound is produced via vibrations of a stretched membrane.00616nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113462001700130562001400147670014800161670011400309680003500423mp201301546920140224113506.4130923|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015469  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amen's chorus  aMännerchor  wgachorus  aWikipedia WWW site, viewed October 11, 2013b(men's chorus; Männerchor; a choir consisting of men who sing with either a tenor or bass voice)  aGrove music online, viewed October 11, 2013b(Männenchor; a chorus of male singers in the German tradition)  iA chorus of adult male voices.00860nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129462001200142462001300154462001100167562001700178670019800195670027300393mp2013015470DLC20140224113506.5030224|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015470  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amendzan  amendzang  amendjan  amenjyang  amenzan  wgaxylophone  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Mendzan, mendzang, mendjan, menjyang: Xylophone of the Beti people at Yaoundé in Cameroon and of the Fang/Pahuin peoples in southern Cameroon and northern Gabon)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Feb. 24, 2003:bunder Xylophone/Africa: Fixed-key xylophones/With multiple calabashes (Type 3, with quadrilateral frame): Groups of four or five different sizes of these xylophones are part of the mendzan ensemble in Cameroon and Gabon)00553nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562003300131562001400164670022900178mp2013015471DLC20140224113506.5070419|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015471  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ameta-harp  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aunk84094155: Self-instruction for playing and tuning the meta-harp, 19--:b(played with a pick; 3 bass chords, F, G, C ("guitar") and 15 scalewise strings, C-c'; played in conjunction with an image of a keyboard [not shown])00968nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117462001500125562003000140670004900170670015200219670012100371670029400492mp2013015472DLC20140224113506.6000329|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015472  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amey  anay (oboe)  wgadouble reed instrument  aKarahasanoğlu Ata, S. Mey ve metodu, 1995.  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Mey; also called nay; cylindrical oboe of Turkey; less strident than the zurna; references to bālabān and duduk (oboe))  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975b(Mey; also called nāy; woodwind instrument of Erzerum and environs, Turkey)  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bunder Turkey (short oboe (mey) with a dark sound, originally played only in north-eastern Turkey) under Iran (The bālābān of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan (also called nerme ney and mey) is a cylindrical pipe of about 30 cm, played with circular breathing.)00478nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462002700141562002000168562002000188670006200208670001100270670001500281mp2013015473DLC20140224113506.6940510|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015473  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amezzo-soprano voice  amezzo-soprano (singer)  wgafemale voice  wgamedium voice  aWork cat.: 91-141444: Rubboli, D. Gianna Pederzini, 1989.  aWeb 3.  aNew Grove.00386nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117562002900137670008600166mp2013015474DLC20140224113506.6020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015474  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aMIDI controller  wgaelectronic instrument  aWork cat.: Davis, D. Computer applications in music:bSuppl. 1 (MIDI controllers)00498nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001600126562001700142670004700159670013400206mp2013015475DLC20140224113506.7000927|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015475  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amime  amime artist  wgaperformer  aLC database, Sept. 27, 2000b(mime artist)  aOxford music online, accessed Oct. 16, 2013b(mime; play in dumb show (i.e. using only gestures, not words), or an actor of such)00682nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002400130670039400154mp2013015476DLC20140224113506.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015476  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amirliton  wgasinging membrane  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bmirliton (generic term for Membranophones played by a performer speaking or singing into them, and which alter the sound of the voice by means of a vibrating membrane. The word appeared in France during the 18th century as a fashionable term for a wide assortment of items; it first clearly indicated a membranophone in the Dictionnaire de Trévoux of 1752)00807nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001400131562001500145670011400160670021900274670012100493675001100614mp2013015477DLC20140224113506.7920916|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015477  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amišnice  amjersnice  wgabagpipe  aWork cat.: W.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collect, 1938-1940b(Mjersniče, Dalmatian goatskin bagpipe)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Mišnice, bagpipe found in Istria, the Kvarner Bay area, Dalmatia and Bosnia and Hercegovina (Yugoslavia), consists of a skin bag and double chanter with single reeds and has no drone pipe)  aMarcuse. Music instruments, 1975b(Mišnice, mouth-blown bagpipe of Croatia, with double chanter but without drone)  aWeb. 300254nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113562001400130mp201301514620140224113506.8130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015146  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amixed chorus  wgachorus00933nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001600133462001500149562001600164562001700180670004100197670037000238680013100608mp2013015478DLC20140224113506.8000531|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015478  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amixed media  amulti-media  amultimedia  wgaensemble  wgaperformer  aWork cat.: Tabor, J. Exhibit, c1992.  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(Mixed media: the merging of elements from different arts into a single, composite expression, usually as in recent works in which live sound (including music) and movement (including dance and dramatic action), film, tape, and setting are combined, often incorporating indeterminate elements and audience participation; also multimedia)  iNon-musical elements such as movement, projected images, audience participation, etc., or effects related to electronic music.00491nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562003300131562001400164670016700178mp2013015479DLC20140224113506.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015479  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amonochord  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(Monochord: Zither with a single string ... In the Middle Ages ... used for theoretical demonstrations ... and for tuning instruments)00651nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001600132462001500148462002000163462001400183462001300197562001800210670016100228670005600389mp2013015480DLC20140224113506.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015480  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amorin huur  ahuur, morin  akhil-khuur  ama tʻou chʻin  amatou qin  amatouqin  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online:bMongol music II (morin huur: two-string spike box fiddle with horse-head ornamentation of the Central and Western Khalkhas)  aMatou qin [SR] p1999:blabel (Matou qin = Matouqin)01010nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562002900133670028800162670028700450670011500737mp2013015481DLC20140224113506.9110127|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015481  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amouseketier  wgaelectronic instrument  aWork cat.: Applebaum, M. Magnetic north, 2006:bt.p. (Magnetic north : 86 public and consensual rituals : for brass quintet, soloist, and optional percussion) p. i (Magnetic north was composed with two particular soloists in mind: (1) the mouseketier electroacoustic sound-sculpture)  aApplebaum, M. Blue cloak, 2005:bp. iii (mouseketier, an original sound-sculpture made of junk, hardware, and found objects mounted on an electroacoustic soundboard, played with chopsticks, violin bows, and plectra, and transformed in performance with a battery of live electronics)  aApplebaum, M. The Bible without God [SR] p2005:blabel (The Bible without God : live mouseketier performances)01025nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001900131670006800150670029000218670011600508670023100624mp2013015482DLC20140224113507.0990610|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015482  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amouth bow  wgamusical bow  aWork cat.: 99-179802: Brenner, K.P. Chipendani und Mbira, 1997.  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(mouth bow: a type of musical bow which is held against the player's mouth; most mouth bows are sounded by plucking the string (or strings) with a fingertip or plectrum, by tapping with a light stick, or by stroking with a friction stick or subsidiary bow)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975b(mouth bow: musical bow in which the player's mouth acts as a resonator)  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bunder Musical bow (Bows with a separate resonator also include the mouth bow, in which the player’s mouth cavity supplies resonance: this type is widespread in Africa, South America and Oceania00789nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562002800133670045000161680003200611mp2013015484DLC20140224113507.0021001|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015484  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amouth organ  wgafree reed instrument  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bmouth organ (free-reed aerophone typically consisting of a wind-chest penetrated by one or more tubes, each fitted with a Free reed of metal or bamboo. Because of the widespread use of Western free-reed mouth organs, called variously harmonica..., French harp and mouth harp, such instruments are known worldwide, but they probably originated in mainland South-east Asia or southern China during prehistoric times)  iAn unspecified mouth organ.01821nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462000900130462001200139462001300151462001600164462001700180462001400197462001700211462001600228462001500244462001300259562001200272670041200284670007100696670062400767680014001391mp2013015485DLC20140224113507.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015485  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amridanga  akhol  amirdang  amr̥dang  amr̥daṅga  amr̥daṅgam  amridangam  amirutaṅkam  amiruthangam  apakhāvaj  apakhawaj  wgadrum  aGrove music online, accessed Oct. 17, 2013b(mr̥daṅgam (mr̥daṅga, mr̥daṅg, mirdang, mirutaṅkam); an Indian name, in use for over two millennia, for tuned, finger-played, double-headed drums, primarily elongated barrel drums, which accompany Hindustani and Karnatak music; the mṛdang of North and Central India (also spelt or pronounced mirdang) is frequently called pakhāvaj, a medieval name)  aLC database, Oct. 17, 2013b(mr̥daṅgam; mirutaṅkam; pakhawaj)  aWikipedia, Oct. 17, 2013:bunder Mr̥daṅgam (a percussion instrument from India of ancient origin. It is the primary rhythmic accompaniment in a Carnatic music and Newa music ensemble. Alternate spellings include "mrudangam", "mrdangam", "mritangam" and "miruthangam in Tamil") under Khol (also known as a mrdanga (lit. "mrit+anga" = "clay body") or mridanga; a terracotta two-sided drum used in northern and eastern India for accompaniment with devotional music) under Pakhavaj (pakhawaj [cross-reference]; the pakhavaj or mridang is an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum, a variant and descendant of the mridang)  iAny of several types of double-headed drum used to accompany devotional music and known by various names in different regions of India.00756nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462001600137562003000153670010000183670018100283670012200464mp2013015486DLC20140224113507.1030122|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015486  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amukhavīṇā  amukha veena  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: Travels of the spider, 1998:binsert (mukha veena, an Indian double reed instrument)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(mukhavīṇā, short oboe of southern India; term also used to refer to double-reed aerophones of the Indian subcontinent in general)  aGarland encycl. of world music, South Asia, 2000:bp. 986 (mukhavīṇā, small South India double-reed instrument)01661nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001700136562001200153670012600165670069300291670035200984670014301336mp2013015487DLC20140224113507.1030417|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015487  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amusette (oboe)  amusette pipe  wgaoboe  aWork cat.: 2002539072: Maderna, B. Solo (1971) per musette, oboe, oboe d'amore, corno inglese (un solo esecutore), c1972.  aGrovemusic.com WWW site, Apr. 17, 2003b(under Musette, (2): Many specimens of the "hautbois de Poitou" in museum collections probably date from the 18th century, and it was following the same tradition that Paris woodwind makers began in the 1830s to produce the small oboe without reed-cap which has since been called "musette." Pitched a 5th above the oboe and 31 to 36 cm in length, it is made in two joints and has seven finger-holes, a thumb-hole and two vents in the bell. The reed is shaped like that of an oboe, but is a little smaller. Later a simple keywork was added, and such models, usually made of blackwood, were still offered for sale in the 1930s for domestic amusement)  aMarcuseb(Musette: 2. musette chanter of the 18th cent., played without its bagpipe. In such cases the reed was covered by a wooden reed cap to protect it. During the 19th cent. the reed cap was dispensed with, thus transforming the chanter into a small oboe in G (a 5th above the ordinary oboe), marketed as a toy, sometimes with 4, 5, or 6 keys)  aWeb. 3b(musette: 1a. a small bellows-filled bagpipe popular in France esp. in the 18th cent.; 1b. also musette pipe; a small simple oboe)00556nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001600131562002900147562002500176670019700201mp2013015488DLC20140224113507.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015488  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amusic box  amusical box  wgamechanical instrument  wgaplucked idiophone  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bunder Musical box (Mechanical instrument in which tuned steel prongs (lamellae) are made to vibrate by contact with moving parts driven by a clockwork mechanism)01410nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001300133562001400146670006700160670039200227670048400619680012501103mp2013015489DLC20140224113507.2020204|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015489  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amusical bow  aharp bow  wgazither  aWork cat.: 99179802: Brenner, K.P. Chipendani und Mbira, 1997.  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(musical bow [harp bow]: a bow-shaped chordophone consisting solely of a flexible stave, curved by the tension of a string (or strings) stretched between its ends; the string may be set in vibration by plucking it with fingertip or plectrum, by tapping it with a small stick or grass stalk, [or] by stroking it with a friction stick or with a subsidiary bow)  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bmusical bow (bow-shaped chordophone consisting solely of a flexible stave, curved by the tension of a string (or strings) stretched between its ends, any associated resonator being either unattached, or detachable without destroying the sound-producing apparatus; in various forms, is widely distributed in Africa, America, Oceania, parts of Asia and formerly to a small extent in Europe (East Prussia, the Netherlands, Italy, Latvia and Lithuania)  iA bow that is played as a musical instrument in its own right and not as a device to draw sound from another instrument.02127nz  a2200301n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001900135462001600154462001600170462002400186462002700210562002400237670007400261670025300335670007100588670009300659670009400752670008300846670020400929670051501133680014801648681002901796mp2013015490DLC20140224113507.3041013|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015490  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amusical clock  aclock, musical  aclock-organ  aflute clock  aflute-playing clock  amechanical clock-organ  wgamechanical organ  aBach, C.P.E. Stücke für Spieluhren & Drehorgeln, Wotq, 193, 1984.  aNew Grove Dict. of Mus. Inst.b(Musical clock; a clock combined with a mechanical instrument, carillons, or other chiming mechanisms or mechanical organs. The latter type: flute-playing clocks; Ger.: Flötenuhr; there is also a harp-playing clock)  aApel. Harvard dict. of musicb(Flötenuhr, flute-clock, Laufwerk)  aTerminorum musicae indexb(Flötenuhr; Flötenwerk; Laufwerk; musical clock; Spieluhr)  aLC database: Mozart, W.A. Fantasia in F minor for organ (mechanical clock-organ), K. 608.  aLC database: Haydn, J. Fourteen pieces for the mechanical clock-organ of 1793.  aMechanical musical digest WWW site, Oct. 13, 2004:bArchives/Clock organ ([installed] a huge Grandfather clock with a built-in organ w/ 22 stopped wooden flute pipes which play off a pinned cylinder)  aNew Grove Online May 9, 2013:bmusical clock (clock combined with one or more forms of Mechanical instrument which plays music at regular time-intervals. Unlike the chiming clock .., with which it is frequently confused, the musical clock’s performance is normally separate from the hourly chiming sequence, and can be selected automatically or manually (sometimes a choice is offered) from a repertory of tunes provided on a pinned wooden or metal barrel or cylinder as in the Barrel organ or Musical box.)"  iA clock equipped with a mechanical organ. For sounds produced by a clock equipped with a carillon or other chiming mechanism useaclock chimes.  iNote underaclock chimes01103nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001500134462001500149462001600164462001700180462001700197462001400214562003000228670014400258670011200402670018500514670008000699670007000779mp2013015493DLC20140224113507.3050218|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015493  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anāgasvaram  anadasvaram  anadaswaram  anāgasuram  anâgaswaram  anākasvaram  anāyanam  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: 94907244: Tumilan̲. Nātacurac cakkaravartti Ṭi. En̲. Rājarattin̲am Piḷḷai, 1988:bNew Delhi data sheet (nadaswaram)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(nāgasvaram, nāgasuram, nāyanam, conical oboe of South India)  aSubramaniam, O.K. Inde du Sud [SR] : le nâgaswaram dans la tradition carnatique, 2004b(parallel title on container: Southern India [SR] : nâgaswaram in the carnatic tradition)  aEncyc. Brit. web site, Feb. 16, 2005b(Nagaswaram also spelled: nagasvaram)  aNew Grove Online April 17, 2013:b(Conical shawm of South India.)01349nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117462002600143462001500169462003100184562001800215670009500233670025900328670005900587670008800646670005300734670007700787670009200864670007600956675005101032mp2013015495DLC20140224113507.4030131|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015495  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aNative American flute  aAmerican Indian flute  alove flute  aNative American love flute  wgaduct flute  aWork cat.: 95161356: Price, L.P. Creating and using the Native American love flute, c1994.  aNew Grove dict. of musical insts.b(Courting flute; duct flute of the North American Indians) under North America, II, 1, Aerophones: v. 13, p. 304 (most important melodic instrument is the flute, found in many different forms over much of the continent)  aNakai, C. The art of the Native American flute, c1996.  aGombert, G. Native American music directory, c1997:bp. 123 (Native American flute)  aPrice, L.P. Native North American flutes, c1990.  aPrice, L.P. Creating and using the Native American concert flute, c1996.  aCrawford, T.R. Flute magic, c1997:bt.p. (an introduction to the Native American flute)  a98702967: High Eagle. Echoes [SR] p1987:blabel (American Indian flute)  aWeb. 3;aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 197500530nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113562002400130670011100154680009800265681002100363mp201301549620140224113507.4130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015496  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anatural horn  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 7, 2013:bnatural horn (Term applied to the many different types of valveless horn.)  iAn unspecified valveless horn. For the orchestral valved or valveless French horn, useahorn.  iNote underahorn00457nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462000800135462000800143462001300151562002200164670010100186mp2014015003DLC20140224113507.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2014015003  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anāy (flute)  anai  aney  aquṣaba  wgaductless flute  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Oblique rim-blown flute of the Middle East, Iran and Central Asia)00637nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001500135562001200150670008200162670004700244670017600291mp2013015498DLC20140224113507.5900330|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015498  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anāykhīṃ  anāykhĩ  wgadrum  aWork cat.: Wegner, G. The nāykhĩbājā of Bhaktapur, 1988b(nāykhĩ)  aGrove musical instrumentsb(Nāykhīṃ)  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:bunder Nepal (The Newar butcher caste (Nāy) play their drum, the nāykhĩ, to accompany funeral processions to the cremation ground.)00603nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562003300138562001400171670027200185mp2013015499DLC20140224113507.5070420|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015499  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anew century harp  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aFretlesszithers.com , Mar. 21, 2007b(functionally, the idea is that the player creates chords from individual strings, rather than having designated strings pre-grouped into chords, as in the case of chord-zithers, ukelins, etc.; probably produced in only one model)01272nz  a2200277n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001100127462000900138462000900147462001300156462001200169462001100181462001000192462001000202562001200212670008900224670013500313670024500448670016400693670013700857mp2013015500DLC20140224113507.5050107|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015500  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  angoma  aengoma  agoma  agomo  ain̄goma  aingomba  angomba  angomm  angomo  wgadrum  aWork cat.: Perullo, A. I. Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 2000-2002:bdocumentation (ngoma)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 1, p. 802 (ngoma (ng'oma); East African term for drums and performances; drum, a membranophone)  aGrovemusic WWW site, July 28, 2004b(ngoma (engoma; goma; gomo; ingoma; ng'oma; ngomba; ngomm; ngomo); among different peoples ngoma can variously denote a dance, a drum ensemble, the most important drum of an ensemble, or individual drums)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instrumentsb(entry same as online version with correction of in̄goma for "i'goma," the spelling of which is caused by a script error)  aMarcuse. S. Musical instruments, 1975b(ngoma; word meaning drum, musical instr., dance, in Bantu languages; ingomba, var. of ngoma)00837nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001500129462001300144462001100157562002200168670006900190670010400259670004500363670022300408mp2013015501DLC20140224113507.6061115|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015501  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anōkan  anō-flute  anō-kan  anohkan  wgaductless flute  aWork cat.: Nakamura, Y. Shinzan kakusei, 2005b(for nokhan solo)  aGrove Music Online, Nov. 14, 2006b(Nōkan. Transverse bamboo flute, of the Japanese nō theatre)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Nōkan)  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:b(Transverse bamboo flute, with seven fingerholes, of the Japanese nō theatre; also used in dance music (nagauta), off-stage music of the kabuki theatre (geza) and some folk musics.)01179nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001100136462001000147462001100157462001900168462001500187562001600202670007200218670060700290680006400897mp2013015502DLC20140224113507.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015502  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anoordsche balk  ahommel  ahumle  ahummel  anoardske balke  ascheitholt  wgapsaltery  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Various zithers of the Low Countries)  aGrove Music Online, October 23, 2013:bunder Noordsche balk (Dutch name for the various zithers of the Low Countries, either made of, or having the appearance of, the lengths of Scandinavian deal known as ‘Nordic beams’) under Zither (in 1699 the Friesian organist-pedagogue Claas Douwes described the noardske Balke as an instrument of some 60 to 90 cm, with three or four strings and diatonic frets under the melody string, the rest being unison-tuned bourdons) under Hommel (hummel, humle); a partly fretted box zither used in the Low Countries and adjacent parts of Germany, and in Scandinavia)  iAny of several types of zither played in the Low Countries.00897nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002800117462003100145462002900176462002800205462002900233462003000262562001500292670008200307670008400389670006300473670010800536675001100644mp2013015503DLC20140224113507.7911119|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015503  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aNorthumbrian small pipe  aNorthumberland small pipes  aNorthumbrian small pipes  aNorthumbrian smallpipes  asmall pipe, Northumbrian  asmall pipes, Northumbrian  wgabagpipe  aButler, R. Richard Butler's Handbook for the Northumbrian small pipes, c1987.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bart. Bagpipe (Northumbrian small-pipe)  aBritannica Micro.:bart. Bagpipe (Northumbrian small pipe)  aLC data base, 11/14/91b(Northumbrian small pipes; Northumberland small pipes; Northumbrian smallpipes)  aWeb. 300382nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001600136462001700152462002000169562003500189mp2013015504DLC20140224113507.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015504  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  anotched rattle  abone rattle  arattle, bone  arattle, notched  wgaindirectly struck idiophone01016nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002500131462002200156462002600178562002700204562002400231670016800255670021400423670017300637mp2013015505DLC20140224113507.8001113|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015505  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aNovachord  aelectrical orchestra  aHammond Novachord  aorchestra, electrical  wgaelectronic keyboard  wgaelectronic organ  a00728414: Feibel, F. Novachord solos, 1941:bprogram notes (keyboard instrument retains much of tone quality of organ and simulates woodwind and many string tones)  aNew Grove musical instrumentsb(Novachord. Keyboard instrument resembling electronic organ; sometimes known as an "electrical orchestra" because of its ability to imitate sounds of most orchestral instruments)  aWWW, Nov. 13, 2000b(Hammond Novachord, manufactured from 1939 to 1942; polyphonic electronic organ; able to produce a range of sounds imitating orchestral instruments)00529nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562003000126670023900156mp2013015507DLC20140224113507.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015507  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aoboe  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:boboe (Generic term in the system of Hornbostel and Sachs for an aerophone with a double (concussion) reed; name is taken from that of the principal treble double-reed instrument of Western art music)00396nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113462002300132562001200155670009500167mp201301550820140224113507.8130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015508  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aoboe d’amore  amezzo-soprano oboe  wgaoboe  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:boboe d'amore (mezzo-soprano oboe in A with a bulb bell)01150nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562001200136670009100148670004900239670027900288670025200567670014900819mp2013015509DLC20140224113507.9980904|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015509  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aoboe da caccia  wgaoboe  aSonate in F-dur für Oboe da caccia (Violone) und obbligates Cembalo, BWV 1038, 1996.  aLC database, Aug. 13, 1998b(oboe da caccia)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(... the term has been applied to the tenor oboe (english horn) in general, although both Curt Sachs and Bessaraboff preferred to reserve it specifically for a mid-18th century tenor oboe with a large open bell, of which few examples survive)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(18th-c. woodwind instrument concerning which little is known ... Today it is generally assumed the oboi da caccia were alto oboes in F, built in shape of a curved hunting horn ... in use from ca. 1720 to ca. 1760)  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:boboe da caccia (curved, leather-covered tenor oboe with a flaring bell, in use from about 1720 to about 1760)00488nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562002500135670003700160680014500197mp2013015510DLC20140224113507.9890816|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015510  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aoboe ensemble  wgawoodwind ensemble  aRichards, E. Conch music, c1984.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more oboes of any type, sometimes also including one or more English horns or other double reed instrument.00509nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001800129670022800147mp2013015511DLC20140224113508.0100507|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015511  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aocarina  wgaduct flute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, May 20, 2010b(vessel flute with a hollow body, originally in the shape of a large elongated egg. The standard Western ocarina was invented and named in about 1853 by Giuseppe Luigi Donati)01682nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130562002000142670023900162670027900401670023500680670034000915670023301255mp2013015512DLC20140224113508.1090903|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015512  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aoliphant  aolifant  wganatural horn  a2004045784: Shalem, Avinoam. Oliphants, 2004:bCIP data (oliphants, that is, horns carved from the ivory tusks of elephants, are among the most intriguing and impressive examples of secular art of the pre-Gothic era in Western Europe)  aAAT, Mar. 17, 2004b(oliphants; medieval end-blown ivory aerophones made from elephants' tusks, finely carved and prized by the wealthy classes mainly as tokens of land tenure or by churches as reliquaries, rather than as sound devices; terms: oliphants; oliphant; olifants)  aBritannica online, Mar. 17, 2004:bunder Horn (medieval European ivory horns, imported from Byzantium in the 10th cent., were associated with royalty; these ivory (sometimes bone) horns, often richly carved, were called oliphants)  aGroveart, Mar. 17, 2004b(oliphant; medieval ivory horn, usually with carved decoration; about 60 oliphants survive from a brief period of production during the 11th and 12th cents.; in Chanson de Roland the horn is first given the name of 'olifan' or 'olifant', terms by then used interchangeably to designate both elephant and ivory)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Sept. 3, 2009b(Medieval end-blown ivory horn, sometimes finely carved, perhaps more often used as a token of land tenure or rights, and by churches as a reliquary, than as a musical instrument)00728nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001300136462003100149462002000180462002000200562002900220670017300249670011200422mp2013015513DLC20140224113508.1020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015513  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aondes Martenot  aMartenot  aMartenot's ondes musicales  aondes musicales  aondium Martenot  wgaelectronic instrument  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:bondes Martenot (monophonic electronic instrument invented by Maurice Martenot...whose original name for it was ‘ondes musicales’)  aWikipedia, Oct. 23, 2013b(ondes Martenot; also known as the ondium Martenot, Martenot and ondes musicales)00822nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562003300133562001400166670014300180675002900323670030000352mp2013015514DLC20140224113508.2930831|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015514  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aongnyugŭm  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aKim, K. Ongnyugŭm, 1988b(illustrations show a zither-like instrument on a stand with pedals, probably for changing pitches like a harp)  aNG mus. instr.;aMarcuse  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:bunder Korea (new string instrument; mounted on trestles; retains the trapezoid shape of the yanggŭm but adds bridges from the kayagŭm and a system of rotating tuning triskeles operated by foot pedals not dissimilar to those on the western orchestral harp.)00477nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002400132670018700156mp2013015515DLC20140224113508.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015515  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aophicleide  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:bophicleide (keyed brasswind instrument, the bass member of the family whose soprano is the keyed bugle (it is classified as an Aerophone: trumpet))00955nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001900131462002000150562002900170670034700199680023900546mp2013015516DLC20140224113508.3070427|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015516  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorchestra  afull orchestra  alarge orchestra  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:borchestra (has been used in a generic sense to mean any large grouping of instrumentalists; in [one] specific and historical sense...a characteristically European institution that arose in the 17th and 18th centuries and subsequently spread to other parts of the world as part of Western cultural influence)  iA large ensemble consisting of bowed string instruments and some combination of wind and other types of instruments, or such an ensemble whose relative size is not specified. For a small orchestra so specified, useachamber orchestra.01058nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001600133562002900149670005900178670015900237670010200396670037800498mp2013015517DLC20140224113508.4881025|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015517  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorchestrion  anickelodeon  wgamechanical instrument  aOrchestrion, the magnificent music machine [SR] p1978.  aNew Grove dict. musical instrumentsb(Orchestrion; complex mechanical instrument played by pin barrels or perforated cards or paper rolls; for indoor use)  aNickelodeon memories [SR] p1986:bcontainer (the nickelodeon, or more correctly, orchestrion ...)  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:borchestrion (The name given by Georg Joseph Vogler to a large, and, for its time, somewhat revolutionary organ that was first completed in Rotterdam in 1790;term, originally of German origin, widely used in the 19th and 20th centuries to denote a complex Mechanical instrument played by pinned barrels or perforated cards or paper rolls.)00371nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001900131562002500150680006200175mp2013015520DLC20140224113508.5040331|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015520zsh 85095478   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorgan ensemble  wgakeyboard ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more organs of any type.00693nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001000131462002100141462001500162562001700177562002700194670030200221mp2013015519DLC20140224113508.6991206|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015519zsh 85095586   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorgan  aenharmonic organ  apipe organ  wgaaerophone  wgakeyboard instrument  aGrove music online, accessed Oct. 25, 2013b(organ; wind instrument consisting of one or more scale-like rows of individual pipes of graded size which are made to sound by air under pressure directed from a wind-raising device and admitted to the pipes by means of valves operated from a keyboard)00570nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002000131670028500151mp2013015521DLC20140224113508.7110627|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015521  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorganette  wgaplayer organ  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Jun. 27, 2011b(A portable self-playing Reed organ; automatic keyboardless instrument ... Other makes of organette models included ... Organina. With reference: For larger self-playing organs (other than the Barrel organ type), see Player organ.)00570nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001400127562001600141670020400157670005100361mp2013015522DLC20140224113508.7051202|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015522  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorkon  achromette  wgarecorder  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Dec. 2, 2005:bunder Recorder (Edward Verne Powell's "Chromette" or "Orkon", invented in 1943, was a modified descant recorder with simplified Boehm-system keywork.)  aLC catalog: Powell, E.V. Orkon playing method.01197nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002000131670026000151670012700411670026900538670022000807mp2013015523DLC20140224113508.8920819|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015523  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorpharion  wgaplucked lute  aDowland, J. The English Orpheus [SR] p1989:bprogram notes (Orpharion; a wire-strung bass bandora; the name combines the words Orpheus and Arion; 10 of 30 Elizabethan lute-song publications specifically mention the orpharion as an alternative to the lute)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(Orpharion; identical with the pandora but smaller; tuned like a lute; a substitute lute)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instrumentsb(Orpharion; a wire-strung instrument of the bandora family, of similar scalloped shape but smaller and tuned like the lute; lute and orpharion regarded as interchangeable) under Bandora (a plucked chordophone classified as a lute)  aNew Grove Online, April 17, 2013:borpharion (plucked chordophone (classified as a lute) of bass register with metal strings and a scalloped and festooned body outline, said to have been invented in London in 1562.)00540nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002700131670016400158680007200322mp2013015524DLC20140224113508.9030623|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015524  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aorphéal  wgakeyboard instrument  aMarcuse, S., Musical instruments, a comprehensive dictionary, 1975b(a combination of piano, organ and harmonium invented 1910 by Georges Cloetens of Brussels)  iAn instrument combining aspects of the piano, organ, and harmonium.00626nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117462000900125462001100134562002000145670004500165670007100210670016300281mp2013015525DLC20140224113509.0030206|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015525  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aoud  aoude  aʻūd  wgaplucked lute  aMar. 6, 1991b(American Folklife Center)  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Oude)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Feb. 6, 2003:bʻūd; pl.: ʻīdān (short-necked plucked lute of the Arab world, the direct ancestor of the European lute)00466nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562002900135670016800164mp2013015527DLC20140224113509.0990526|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015527  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apanharmonicon  wgamechanical instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(mechanical instrument, essentially a glorified barrel organ, designed to play orchestral music; later resulted in the orchestrion)01013nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001100130462000800141462001400149462001400163462001800177462001300195462001600208562002200224670005700246670005400303670041400357mp2013015528DLC20140224113509.1010712|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015528  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apanpipes  aantara  anai  apan flute  apan pipes  apandean pipes  apanflute  apan's pipes  wgaductless flute  aPuscoiu, C. You can teach yourself pan flute, c1997.  aLC database, July 12, 2001b(pan flute, panflute)  aOxford Music Online, accessed Oct. 31, 2013:bunder panpipes (Instrument consisting of a number of pipes of graduated lengths, joined together either in the form of a bundle or more commonly in the form of a raft. It is classified by Hornbostel and Sachs as a set of end-blown flutes) under Antara (Amerindian name for Peruvian panpipes) under Nai (Romanian panpipes) under Pan‐Pipes (Pandean Pipes, Syrinx)00399nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117562002500139670002900164680006000193mp2013015529DLC20140224113509.2941118|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015529  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apanpipes ensemble  wgawoodwind ensemble  aIles Salomon [SR] p1994.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more sets of panpipes.00632nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117562001200125670006700137670009200204675010500296680006100401mp2013015530DLC20140224113509.2051004|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015530  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apar  wgadrum  aWolf, R.K. India and Pakistan, 1991-1998:bdocumentation (par)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 5, p. 988 (par; Kota cylindrical drum of Tamil Nadu)  aGrovemusic WWW site;aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments;aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975  iA cylindrical drum that originated in Tamil Nadu, India.01422nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001000129562001800139670005700157670028500214670018100499670038000680670016801060mp2013015531DLC20140224113509.3010214|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015531  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apar̲ai  apirai  wgaframe drum  aWork cat.: 99948456: Vaḷarmati, Mu. Par̲ai, 1999.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(par̲ai: the ancient south Indian Tamil name for circular drums, apparently of the frame drum type, found in literature of the 1st millennium AD; pirai: pair of small, hand-held drums of Tamil Nadu and Andhra, southeast India; of the frame drum type)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 5, p. 988 (par̲ai (also pirai): Tamil frame drum played by hand or with two thin sticks; the traditional occupation of the Par̲aiyar caste)  aHobson-Jobsonb(pariah, parriar: the name of a low caste of Hindus in Southern India, constituting one of the most numerous castes, if not the most numerous, in the Tamil country. The word in its present shape means properly "a drummer." Tamil parai is the large drum, beaten at certain festivals, and the hereditary beaters of it are called (sing.) paraiyan, (pl.) paraiyar)  aNew Grove Online, April 19, 2013:bunder Huḍukkā (hourglass drums; also called tudi or iḍaisurangu paṟai and are mostly played with the right-hand fingers)00861nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002300117462001700140462002100157462002400178462001200202562001200214670015900226670010000385670006500485670009300550mp2013015532DLC20140224113509.4050803|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015532  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apardessus de viole  adescant viol  ahigh treble viol  apar-dessus de viole  aquinton  wgaviol  aWork cat.: Corrette, M. Method for easily learning to play the pardessus de viole with five or six strings, including lessons of one and two parts, c1990.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Pardessus de viole; five-string descant viol; quinton)  aAlto, par-dessus de viole, 2000:bt.p. (par-dessus de viole)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Aug. 3, 2005:bunder Viol/1. (pardessus (high treble))00586nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562001800138670008200156670013100238680005900369mp2013015533DLC20140224113509.5021023|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015533  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apedal clavichord  wgaclavichord  a2001372939: Speerstra, J. Bach, the pedal clavichord, and the organist, 2000.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 13, 2002b(Pedal clavichord: a clavichord equipped with a pedal-board like that of an organ)  iA clavichord with a pedal-board like that of an organ.00752nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462001700139562001900156670021800175670012900393680006000522mp2013015534DLC20140224113509.6040325|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015534  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apedal harpsichord  apedalcembalo  wgaharpsichord  a00390396: Kolloquium "Kammermusik und Orgel im höfischen Umkreis--Das Pedalcembalo" (1997 : Schloss Köthen). Beiträge zum Kolloquium "Kammermusik und Orgel im höfischen Umkreis--Das Pedalcembalo" ... 1998.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Pedal harpsichord. A harpsichord equipped with a pedal-board like that of an organ)  iA harpsichord with a pedal-board like that of an organ.01155nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462002100133562001300154670006100167670002300228670001200251670005900263670001300322670002200335670051400357680005400871mp2013015536DLC20140224113509.6871030|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015536  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apedal piano  apedal pianoforte  wgapiano  aSchumann, R. Werke für Orgel oder Pedalklavier, c1986.  aOEDb(Pedal-piano)  aWeb. 3.  aGrove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Pedal pianoforte)  aMarcuse.  aBritannico Micro.  aNew Grove Online, April 19, 2013:bunder Pedal pianoforte (piano equipped with a pedal-board like that of an organ. Four types are known: those in which the pedals operate separate hammers to strike the same strings as the keys; those in which a separate set of strings with its own soundboard is installed below the main soundboard; those with a separate box containing pedals, action and strings, on which the piano itself is set; and uprights, where wire pull-downs on the keys are activated by the pedals)  iA piano with a pedal-board like that of an organ.00597nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113562002000136670021800156680008900374mp201301553720140224113509.7130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015537  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apedal steel guitar  wgasteel guitar  a670aGrove Music Online, accessed Oct. 31, 2013b(pedal steel guitar; development of the lap steel guitar in which the application of pedals enables the player to change instantaneously from one tuning to another)  iA steel guitar equipped with a pedal that allows for instantaneous change of tuning.00628nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001200131670035100143mp2013015538DLC20140224113509.7051202|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015538  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apelittone  wgatuba  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Dec. 2, 2005:bunder Cimbasso (In 1845 Giuseppe Pelitti (1811-65) invented the pelittone(patented in Austria in 1847), a contrabass tuba designed to supersede all existing low brass instruments in Italian orchestras; in 1851, he devised the even larger generale pelittone); under Pelitti (a contrabass tuba in C)00848nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462002100135462001700156462001600173462002800189562001800217670004100235670037800276mp2013015539DLC20140224113509.8011218|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015539  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apenny whistle  afeadóg stáin  apennywhistle  atin whistle  awhistle (penny whistle)  wgaduct flute  aPickow, P. Play pennywhistle, c1998.  aOxford Music Online, accessed Oct. 31, 2013:bunder Penny whistle (tin whistle; pennywhistle; generic term for the simple duct flute or flageolet; made of bone, wood, reed, metal, plastic, or other material, usually with four to seven fingerholes) under Ireland (The Irish Tin whistle (feadóg stáin) is a short end-blown duct flute of metal alloy with six finger-holes)00750nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117562002900143562002900172670005400201670008700255670023800342mp2013015541DLC20140224113509.9931014|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015541  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apercussion controller  wgaelectronic instrument  wgapercussion instrument  aWork cat.: Machover, T. Towards the center, 1989.  aDavis, D. Computer applications in music:bSuppl. I (MIDI controllers, Percussion)  aNew Grove Online, April 19, 2013:bunder Controller (electronic instrument; usually a keyboard (often permitting some level of touch-sensitivity), but some are designed to utilize the techniques of string, wind and percussion players00306nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162002400131562002900155mp2013015542DLC20140224113509.9060125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015542zsh 95001059   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apercussion ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble00325nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002500113562002400138680004100162mp201301554320140224113509.9130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015543  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apercussion idiophone  wgastruck idiophone  iAn unspecified percussion idiophone.01072nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462003500139462002300174562002800197670021100225670019400436670019800630680005000828mp2013015444DLC20140224113510.0071102|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015444  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  amallet instrument  akeyboard percussion instrument  amallet percussions  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, May 5, 2005:bunder Mallet (Keyboard percussion instruments such as the vibraphone, marimba and xylophone are today normally spoken of collectively as "mallet instruments")  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Nov. 2, 2007:bunder Metallophone (generic term for percussion instruments that consist of a series of tuned metal bars arranged in a single or double row)  aNew Grove Online May 7, 2013:bunder Mallet (Keyboard percussion instruments such as the vibraphone, marimba and xylophone are today normally spoken of collectively as ‘mallet instruments’)  iAn unspecified mallet instrument of any type.01053nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001800132670051300150680019400663681003800857mp2013015540DLC20140224113510.0071102|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015540  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apercussion  wgainstrument  aNew Grove Online, April 19, 2013:bpercussion (term used to describe instruments, in particular Western orchestral and band instruments, that are played by shaking, or by striking either a membrane (e.g. drums, tambourines; see Membranophone) or a plate or bar of wood, metal or other hard material (e.g. cymbals, triangles, xylophone; see Idiophone). They can also be divided into instruments that produce a sound of definite pitch (e.g. kettledrums, celesta) and those that do not (e.g. snare drum, gong).)  iOne or more unspecified instruments in the percussion family that are often included as part of a larger ensemble. For a single unspecified percussion instrument seeapercussion instrument.  iNote underapercussion instrument01463nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117562001800143670021100161670019400372670051900566680016901085681002701254mp2013015544DLC20140224113510.1071102|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015544  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apercussion instrument  wgainstrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, May 5, 2005:bunder Mallet (Keyboard percussion instruments such as the vibraphone, marimba and xylophone are today normally spoken of collectively as "mallet instruments")  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Nov. 2, 2007:bunder Metallophone (generic term for percussion instruments that consist of a series of tuned metal bars arranged in a single or double row)  aNew Grove Online, April 19, 2013:bunder Percussion (term used to describe instruments, in particular Western orchestral and band instruments, that are played by shaking, or by striking either a membrane (e.g. drums, tambourines; see Membranophone) or a plate or bar of wood, metal or other hard material (e.g. cymbals, triangles, xylophone; see Idiophone). They can also be divided into instruments that produce a sound of definite pitch (e.g. kettledrums, celesta) and those that do not (e.g. snare drum, gong).)  iA single unspecified percussion instrument. For one or more unspecified percussion instruments that are often included as part of a larger ensemble seeapercussion.  iNote underapercussion00287nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113680005000127mp201301554520140224113510.1130925|| annnnbabn          |n ana        amp2013015545  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aperformer  iAn unspecified participant in a musical work.00759nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462000900131462001500140462001300155562002000168670021300188670017600401mp2013015546DLC20140224113510.1000922|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015546  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aphin phia  aphia  aphin pīa  apin piah  wgastick zither  aPǣng Nōčhā phū mī phonngān dīdēn thāng dān watthanatham sākhā sinlapa kānsadǣeng dontrī phư̄nbān phin pīa, 1995b(pin piah; ancient lute of Thailand's northern region)  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(phīn phia, also known as phia; a stick zither; has two or four strings and a half-gourd resonator; may still be heard in northern Thailand)00792nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001400133670041100147680008800558mp2013015547DLC20140224113510.1070404|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015547  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aphonofiddle  wgaviolin  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 21, 2007b(one-string variant of the Stroh violin; under Stroh violin: type of violin developed for early gramophone recordings by (John Matthias) Augustus Stroh; body consists of a long, narrow piece of wood, the upper surface of which serves as the fingerboard, and a flexible membrane, to which a straight metal horn is attached, mounted at one side of the bridge)  iA one-string violin developed by Augustus Stroh and used in early sound recordings.00791nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002500117462002600142462003400168562002900202670015400231670009000385670013400475mp2013015847DLC20140224113510.2971117|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015847  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aphonograph turntable  aturntable, phonograph  aturntable system (phonograph)  wgamechanical instrument  aWhite, M. The high fidelity turntable system and the creation of hip hop music, 1996:bp. 9 (turntable as an instrument) p. 12 (phonograph turntable)  aRandom Houseb(turntable: 1. the rotating disk that spins the record on a phonograph)  aMcGraw-Hill dict. sci. tech. termsb(turntable: the rotating platform on which a disk record is placed for recording or playback)00477nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562003000126670013400156670004100290mp2013015548DLC20140224113510.2930723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015548  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apī  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Pī: in Thailand, Laos, and Kampuchea, a generic term for the oboe and other types of aerophone)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Pī; Pì)00639nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001700127462000900144562002000153670012300173670017300296mp2013015549DLC20140224113510.3010330|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015549  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  api pa  aChinese lute  apipa  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove via WWW, Mar. 30, 2001b(pipa: peared-shaped plucked lute of China and Korea corresponding to Japanese biwa)  aNew Grove Online, April 22, 2013:bunder pipa (Pear-shaped plucked lute of China and Korea; corresponds to the Japanese Biwa and is related to the Vietnamese đàn ty)01060nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462002600127462001500153462001600168462001500184462001900199462002000218462001800238562002700256562003200283562001400315670001200329670037800341670007500719mp2013015550DLC20140224113510.3080915|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015550  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apiano  aconcert grand (piano)  afortepiano  agrand piano  apianoforte  aspinet (piano)  aspinnet (piano)  aupright piano  wgakeyboard instrument  wgastruck string instrument  wgazither  aWeb. 3.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 13, 2002b(Pianoforte (piano): a keyboard instrument distinguished by the fact that its strings are struck by rebounding hammers rather than plucked (as in the harpsichord) or struck by tangents that remain in contact with the strings (as in the clavichord); in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of instruments, reckoned as a box zither)  aHandel, G.F. Six overtures fitted to the harpsichord or spinnet, 1737.00387nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562002500136680009200161mp2013015551DLC20140224113510.4040115|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015551  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apiano ensemble  wgakeyboard ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more pianos, each of which has one or more performers.00509nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002900132670021400161mp2013015552DLC20140224113510.4070404|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015552  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apiano-harp  wgaelectronic instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 21, 2007:bunder Electronic instruments ii and iv (Béthenod's oscillator-based "piano-harp"; other fully polyphonic instruments include ... Bé́thenod's "piano-harp")00398nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001300129670012200142mp2013015553DLC20140224113510.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015553  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apiccolo  wgaflute  aNew Grove Online, April 22, 2013:bpiccolo (small flute sounding an octave higher than the ordinary or concert flute)00765nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001300130462001300143462001400156462001300170462001400183462001300197462001400210562001800224670010000242670013500342680004600477mp2013015554DLC20140224113510.5081009|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015554  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apinkullu  apincollo  apincullo  apincuyllu  apingullo  apinkayllu  apinkillu  apinquillo  wgaduct flute  aWork cat.: Gómez García, D. El pinquillo aerofóno prehispánico, 2005:bt.p. (pinquillo)  aGrove music online, Nov. 3, 2006b(Pinkullu, pinkillu, pincullo, pincollo, pincuyllu, pingullo, pinkayllu; Andean end-blown flute)  iAn end-blown flute from the Andes region.00588nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001700131562002900148670018300177680007000360mp2013015556DLC20140224113510.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015556  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apipe band  abagpipe band  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, May 8, 2012:bunder Scotland/Instrumental music (Pipe bands consist of a group of Highland pipers accompanied by side, tenor and bass drummers.)  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more bagpipes and various drums.01245nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003000117462001600147462002100163462001800184462002000202462001400222462001500236562001800251670054100269670013300810680007200943mp2013015555DLC20140224113510.6010302|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015555  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apipe (musical instrument)  abamboo pipe  achalumeau (pipe)  apastoral oboe  ashepherd's pipe  asymphonet  atabor pipe  wgaduct flute  aNew Grove Online, accessed November 12, 2013:bpipe ((1) Generic term for a tube, open or stopped, of wood, metal, cane or other material and with or without finger-holes;(2)Specifically, a small duct flute, usually with three holes, played with a small drum) chalumeau (the term originally denoted a pipe or bagpipe chanter) pipe and tabor (English tabor pipes, when not home-made or supplied by regular instrument makers in London, were often imported from France, the English size matching a common size for the Galoubet of Provence)  aWikipedia, accessed November 12, 2013b(pipe (instrument); often with six holes, the shepherd's pipe is a common pastoral image)  iAn unspecified simple end-blown flute with or without finger holes.00787nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001300132562002900145670013800174670024400312680006100556mp2013015557DLC20140224113510.6110627|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015557  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apīphāt  asep nyai  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(pīphāt: instrumental ensemble of Thailand, consisting of percussion instruments and the pī (oboe))  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Jun. 27, 2011:b(under Laos: classical music ensemble. The piphat (Vientiane) or sep nyai (Luang Prabang) consists of xylophones, circular gong-chimes and quadruple-reed instrument plus drums and cymbals.)  iAn instrumental ensemble of Thailand featuring the pī.00684nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562003000128670004200158670007400200670005000274670019000324mp2013015526DLC20140224113510.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015526  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apʻiri  wgadouble reed instrument  aPak, P. Pʻiri sanjo yŏnʾgu, 1985.  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(Pʻiri: small cylindrical oboe of Korea)  aDict. of Korean musicb(Pʻillyul see Pʻiri)  aNew Grove Online, April 19, 2013:b(Small, cylindrical double-reed pipe of Korea. There are three main types; all made of bamboo, use oversize bamboo reeds and have eight finger-holes.)00480nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001500131562002800146670016000174mp2013015558DLC20140224113510.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015558  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apitchpipe  apitch-pipe  wgafree reed instrument  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bpitchpipe (term used for various aerophones designed to give standard pitches to singers or to aid tuning an instrument)00481nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562002400134670018900158mp2013015559DLC20140224113510.7990910|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015559  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplayer organ  wgamechanical organ  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bplayer organ (organ, other than a Barrel organ...played either by a keyboard or by perforated paper rolls; similar in this respect to a Player piano)00659nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001700134462002200151562002400173670005000197670004400247670018600291mp2013015560DLC20140224113510.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015560  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplayer piano  apiano-player  areproducing piano  wgamechanical piano  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(player piano)  aNew Harvard dict. musicb(player piano)  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bplayer piano (piano fitted with a self-playing mechanism, normally pneumatic, capable of playing from a perforated paper music roll (piano roll).)00524nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117562002500143670015300168680005700321mp2013015561DLC20140224113510.8030716|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015561  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplayer piano ensemble  wgakeyboard ensemble  aUniversity of Massachusetts at Lowell. Percussion Ensemble. Ballet mécanique and other works for player pianos, percussion, and electronics, 2000.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more player pianos.00300nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002200113562001700135562002600152mp201301556220140224113510.9130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015562  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplucked idiophone  wgaidiophone  wgaplucked instrument00432nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003200117462002800149562002900177680008000206mp2013015564DLC20140224113510.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015564  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplucked instrument ensemble  aplucked string ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more plucked instruments of various types.01099nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002300117462002400140562001800164670019700182670014300379670010800522670010200630680011900732681004200851mp2013015563DLC20140224113511.0981130|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015563  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplucked instrument  aplectral instrument  wgainstrument  aDonington, R. Music and its instruments, 1982:bp. 75 (Plucked instruments may have many strings of different lengths ... or fewer strings of the same length ... or occasionally a combination)  aWorld book:bv. 13, p. 728 (Music: Plucked stringed instruments are played by plucking the strings with the fingers or a pick or plectrum)  aOED additions ser.:bv. 1 (plucked (Mus.): of a stringed instrument, designed to be played by plucking)  aBritannica Macro.:bv. 11, p. 321 (Stringed instrument: Another important plucked instrument ...)  iAn unspecified plucked instrument of any material. For a plucked string instrument seeaplucked string instrument.  iNote underaplucked string instrument00497nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001700113562003300130680017400163681002600337mp201301532020140224113511.1130921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015320  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplucked lute  wgaplucked string instrument  iAn unspecified plucked string instrument of the Sachs-Hornbostel classification. For the fretted plucked-string instrument popular in 16th-18th century Europe seealute.  iReference underalute00544nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162003000113462003200143562002600175562002500201680012500226681003500351mp201301556520140224113511.1130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015565  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplucked string instrument  aplucked stringed instrument  wgaplucked instrument  wgastring instrument  iAn unspecified plucked string instrument. For an unspecified plucked instrument of any material seeaplucked instrument.  iNote underaplucked instrument00625nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001900127670027600146675005700422mp2013015566DLC20140224113511.2991105|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015566  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplung  wgamouth organ  aWork cat.: 99391939: Orgues-á-bouche rituels des Murung [SR] p1998:bbklt. (The plung mouth organ has two main components: the wind-chest made from a calabash gourd and several bamboo pipes; used for various occations and rituals by Murung people in Western Bangladesh)  aMarcuse, S. Mus. instruments;aNew Grove mus. instr.00415nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117562002900137670005300166680005000219mp2013015567DLC20140224113511.2991105|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015567  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aplung orchestra  wgainstrumental ensemble  aOrgues-á-bouche rituels des Murung [SR] p1998.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more plungs.00618nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462000800130462001000138462001800148462001700166462001800183562001400201670020900215mp2013015568DLC20140224113511.3110713|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015568  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apochette  akit  akytte  apocket fiddle  aTaschengeige  atreble violin  wgaviolin  aOxford Music Online, accessed November 13, 2013:bpochette (Pocket. Small type of vn. formerly used by 17th‐cent. dancing‐masters, and known in Eng. as a kit.) kit (kytte; treble violin; Taschengeige)00502nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002800130670008500158670011300243mp2013015570DLC20140224113511.3940803|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015570  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apolopalo  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 84-940852: Palada, R. Petunjuk teknis pengembangan polopalo ... 1982.  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bunder Indonesia/Outer islands (idiophone; two-tongue bamboo buzzing wand)01007nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001300136462001600149562001300165670006300178670005000241670008900291670004300380670001200423670032100435680002100756mp2013015572DLC20140224113511.4991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015572  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apositive organ  apositive  atable organ  wgaorgan  aWork cat.: Jakob, F. Die Baldachin-Orgel von Jenaz, c1987.  aNew Grove dict. of musical insts.b(Positive)  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(a division of a large organ; a small, one-manual organ)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975.  aWeb. 3.  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bunder Positive (In current organ usage, strongly influenced by German terminology, a positive is (1) a movable organ as distinct from a Portative or portable organ, and (2) that manual of a larger organ that resembles (and perhaps historically originated in) such a smaller organ.)  iA movable organ.01394nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001500131462001300146562002000159670005200179670047800231670007900709670041200788mp2013015573DLC20140224113511.4860130|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015573  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apost horn  acoach-horn  aposthorn  wganatural horn  aWork cat.: Das Grosse Buch vom Posthorn, c1985.  aNew Grove dictionary of musical instruments, 1984:bp. 142 (Post horn (Fr. cornet de poste; Ger. Posthorn; It. cornetta di postiglione). A small brass instrument used in the past by postillions and guards on mail coaches to announce the arrivals and departures and to call attention en route. Although some models were shaped like a trumpet, circular form remained the favourite; from about 1825 post horns were also made with keys to increase their ability to play tunes.)  aOxford companion to music, viewed Aug. 12, 2013b(Coach-horn see Posthorn)  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bpost horn (small brass instrument used in the past by postillions and guards on mail coaches to announce the arrivals and departures and to call attention en route. Small arcuate horns were so used in France, England and Germany up to the early 17th century when instruments began to be constructed in one very small coil barely 7 cm across with a fundamental about b♭.)00836nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562003000138670007900168670035100247675008000598mp2013015574DLC20140224113511.5070207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015574  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apractice chanter  wgadouble reed instrument  aMitchell, Burt. Irish airs and quicksteps, 2000:blabel (practice chanter)  aGrove music online, Feb. 7, 2007b(practice chanter; a double-reed wind-cap instrument, used by Scottish highland bagpipers, with tuning and fingering equivalent to that of an actual bagpipe chanter. Because of its narrow cylindrical bore and longer, less stiff reed, it sounds an octave lower than the bagpipe chanter and has a much softer tone)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, 1975;aNew Harvard dict. of music;aWeb. 300663nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562001300132670030000145680008400445mp201301557520140224113511.5130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015575  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aprepared piano  wgapiano  aOxford Music Online, accessed November 13, 2013b(prepared piano; piano in which the pitches, timbres and dynamic responses of individual notes have been altered by means of bolts, screws, mutes, rubber erasers and/or other objects inserted at particular points between or placed on the strings)  iA piano that has been altered by placing objects on and/or between the strings.00262nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113562001900133mp201301557620140224113511.5130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015576  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aprocessed sound  wgaelectronics00845nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001600133462001500149562003100164562001400195670014400209670014500353670015300498mp2013015577DLC20140224113511.6960415|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015577  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apsalmodikon  apsalmodicon  asalmodikon  wgabowed string instrument  wgazither  aGrandfather's songbooks, or, The psalmodikon in America, 1981:bp. 266, etc. (Psalmodikon) p. 279, etc. (known as the salmodikon in Norway)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instr.:bPsalmodikon (a bowed box zither, originating in the Scandinavian countries, used to acc. choral singing)  aMarcuseb(Psalmodicon; bowed zither of Sweden; prob. invented by Johann Dillner in 1829; especially popular in teaching choral music in the schools)01018nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462000800130462001300138562003300151562001400184670006100198670006600259670003700325670002300362670009600385670025900481680003600740mp2013015578DLC20140224113511.7090206|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015578  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apsaltery  aala  asalterio  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aKurfürst, P. Ala und Harfe mit zwei Resonatoren, 1985.  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(Ala is a medieval psaltery)  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(Psaltery)  aWeb. 3b(Psaltery)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Feb. 5, 2009b(Salterio: see Psaltery; see also Dulcimer)  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bpsaltery (instrument of the zither family (classified as a Chordophone). It consists of a raised piece of wood, or a wooden box with soundholes, without a neck; it may be rectangular, triangular or trapeziform in shape)  iAn unspecified neckless zither.00466nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562001200126670010400138670007800242mp2013015579DLC20140224113511.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015579  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apung  wgadrum  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(A large double-headed tuned barrel drum of Manipur, north-east India)  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bunder India/Dance (pung (barrel drum))01425nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002400131462001900155462002300174462002300197462002000220462001800240462001500258462001600273462002400289562001300313670009100326670051000417670023200927mp2013015580DLC20140224113511.7991207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015580  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  apyrophone  acalliope, explosion  acalliope, fire  achemical harmonica  aexplosion calliope  aexplosion organ  afire calliope  afire organ  aflame organ  aharmonica, chemical  wgaorgan  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(pyrophone: an organ with pipes set in motion by gas jets)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Jan. 24, 2013b(also [flame organ]. An organ with pipes that produce tones from the internal combustion of gas jets operated by means of a keyboard; patented in England in 1873 (no. 1091) as a type of ‘chemical harmonica’... Since then, many different instruments called pyrophones have been constructed, some as academic projects, some as sound sculptures, and mostly ephemeral. They operate by various means using fuels such as hydrogen, propane, butane, and petrol.)  aWikipedia (Jan. 24, 2013)b(also known as a "fire/explosion organ" or "fire/explosion calliope" is a musical instrument in which notes are sounded by explosions, or similar forms of rapid combustion, rapid heating, or the like)01062nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001100131462001300142462001100155462001000166562003300176562001400209670008000223670010300303670003900406670007300445670030200518mp2013015581DLC20140224113511.8900601|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015581  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aqānūn  ak'anon  akanonaki  akanoon  akanun  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aOmar, M.A. Récital oriental au Caire [SR] 1984: p1979:blabel (qānūn)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Qānūn, plucked box zither of the Middle east; kanun, k'anon, kanonaki)  a3/6/91b(American Folklife Center)  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Kanoon)  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:b(Plucked box zither or psaltery of the Middle East, North Africa and parts of Asia; it is trapeziform in shape, two of the sides forming a right angle. It is a classical instrument of the Arab world and Turkey (kanun), known in both oral and written traditions.)00857nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117462001000125462001000135562003300145562001400178670007900192670011000271670004000381670023000421mp2013015582DLC20140224113511.9001002|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015582  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aqin  ach'in  aguqin  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aCelestial airs of antiquity, 1995:bCIP pref. (Guqin; seven-string zither)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments, 1984:bv. 3, p. 171 (Qin [chʻin]) v. 1, p. 354 (Chʻin: see Qin)  aBaker's dict. musicb(qin (chʻin))  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bqin (Seven-string plucked zither of China. Though indigenous to China, the qin (pron. ‘chin’, also known as guqin, ‘ancient qin’) belongs to the family of long zithers in East Asia.)01054nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462000900127462001000136462001000146462001000156462001000166562001800176670015500194670022800349670014300577670010400720mp2013015583DLC20140224113511.9050812|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015583  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aqobuz  akiak  akobuz  akobyz  akyyak  aqobyz  wgabowed lute  aOrazbaeva. Akku [SR] p2004:bbooklet (Kyl-kobyz; a bowed two-string cello-like instrument ... with opened sound box, which makes it look like a spoon)  aGrove music online WWW site, Aug. 12, 2005b(Qobuz (i) (qobyz, kobuz): two-string fiddle of the Karakalpak, Kazakh and Kyrgyz peoples of Central Asia ... shaped like a deeply curved ladle ... played with a bow of horsehair)  aThe Oxford companion to musical instruments, 1992b(under Fiddle, 2a: kobyz, kyyak (Central Asia--rather shoe-like, the upper part round))  aThe new Grove dictionary of musical instrumentsb(Qobuz (kobuz); called kiak by the Kirghiz people)00672nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462000900137462001400146462001600160562002200176670004200198670002700240670004200267670004000309670009300349mp2013015584DLC20140224113511.9900129|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015584  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aquena  acuena  akena  akena-kena  aquena-quena  wgaductless flute  aThevenot, R. Método de quena, 1984.  aWeb. 3b(Quena, cuena)  aNeukirch, H. Método de quena, 1980.  aMarcuse. Mus. instr., 1975b(Quena)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Kena (kena-kena, quena, quena-quena): Andean open-notched flute)01177nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001300135670013200148670027300280670021500553670023900768mp2013015585DLC20140224113512.0050926|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015585  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aquinto (drum)  wgaconga  aBrooks, C. Rumba, c2001:bt.p., subtitle (Afro-Cuban conga drum improvisation; learn to play Afro-Cuban quinto licks & soloing)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Quinto (i). A Cuban slit-drum, made from a box with two opposite sides sloping together to form a small opening at the top. It is struck with the hands. It has been used in the rumba orchestra. Quinto (ii). A Venezuelan guitar)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, a comprehensive dictionaryb(Quinto (1). Afro-Cuban drum similar to the conga, but smaller and higher-pitched. Played in rumba orchestras. Quinto (2). Small guitar of Venezuela)  aNew Grove Online, April 23, 2013:bunder Conga (Afro-Cuban barrel drum; usually used in sets of two to four, of different sizes: the largest drum is the tumba (c33 cm), then the conga (30 cm), the quinto (28 cm) and the nino (25 cm).)01534nz  a2200325n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001600129462001900145462002100164462001000185462000900195462001700204462001900221462001200240462001100252462001100263462001000274562002000284670009800304670026100402670002300663670005300686670005300739670041600792mp2013015586DLC20140224113512.0910817|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015586  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  arubāb  aAfghan lute  arabāb (lute)  arabābah (lute)  arabob  arbab  arebab (lute)  aribāb (lute)  arobāb  arohbab  arubaub  arubob  wgaplucked lute  aKassimi, E. Le luth afghan [SR] p1979:bcontainer (luth afghan ou rohbab (ou rabab ou rebab))  aNew Grove musical instrumentsb(Rabāb (rubāb, rubob, rebab, rabob, robāb, ribāb, rbab, rababa, etc.) the last variant also has an entry of its own. Term for various chordophones, particularly lutes, both bowed and plucked, and lyres. Spike fiddles)  aMarcuseb(Rabāb)  aRubaub, 197-:blabel (Rubaub [in rom.]; Rabāb)  aal-Rabābah fī ḥayāt al-Bādiyah, c1994.  aNew Grove Online, April 29, 2013:brubab (term for various chordophones, particularly lutes (mainly with skin soundtable), both bowed and plucked, and lyres, found mainly in North Africa, the Middle East, Iran, Central Asia, South Asia and South-east Asia, but also in many other regions influenced by Islam: from China to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia to Spain (and thence to Latin America).)01592nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002700113462002800140462002900168462002500197462002700222462001700249562001800266670053800284670046100822680010301283mp201301558720140224113512.1130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015587  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  arabāb (spike fiddle)  arabāba (spike fiddle)  arabābah (spike fiddle)  arebab (spike fiddle)  aribāb (spike fiddle)  aspike fiddle  wgabowed lute  aOxford Music Online, accessed November 18, 2013:bRabāb. 2. Spike fiddles (the quadrangular single-string rabāba (also rabāb, rabābah) or rabāba al-shā‘ir is still used from Saudi Arabia in the south to Syria in the north, and from Iraq in the east to the Mediterranean coast in the west; a second type of spike fiddle has a hemispherical body of carved wood, gourd or coconut covered with a skin belly; ribāb; the rebab [also] has a prominent role in both the folk and classical traditions of Indonesia and Malaysia)  aWikipedia, accessed November 18, 2013b(rebab; a type of string instrument so named no later than the 8th century and spread via Islamic trading routes over much of North Africa, the Middle East, parts of Europe, and the Far East. The bowed variety often has a spike at the bottom to rest on the ground, and is thus called a spike fiddle in certain areas, but plucked versions like the kabuli rebab (sometimes referred to as the robab or rubab) also exist)  iAny of the various spike fiddles common in North Africa, the Middle East, and other parts of Asia.01308nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001100128562001800139670008100157670033500238670016200573670014200735670023700877mp2013015588DLC20140224113512.1050603|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015588  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  arabeca  arebeca  wgabowed lute  aNóbrega, A.C.P. da. A rabeca no cavalo marinho de Bayeux, Paraíba, 2000.  aGrove music online WWW site, June 3, 2005b(under Brazil, Traditional music, Introduction, Organology: The Portuguese rabeca, or fiddle, tuned A-D-D-G, is still used in popular religious feasts, dramatic and secular dances. In the 1920s it began to decline in popularity, only to regain some of its former importance in the 1980s)  aGarland encyc. world mus.:bv. 2, p. 309 (under Brazil, central and southern areas: rabeca; folk-derived violin, the term reflecting the European word rebec)  aMarcuseb(rabeca: 1. obsolete and modern colloquial Portuguese: violin; 2. primitive violin of Brazil used for accompanying the cantoria)  aEnciclopédia da música brasileira popular, erudita e folclórica, 3a ed. rev. e atualizada, 1a reimpr.b(rabeca: folk chordophonic instrument that sounds by friction, a type of violin of popular manufacture, also called rebeca)00975nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001300128462001300141462001300154462001300167462001200180462001200192562003000204670008300234670012600317670030200443mp2013015589DLC20140224113512.1860428|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015589  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aracket  acervelas  acervelat  acortaldi  acortalli  arackett  arankett  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: Steinkopf, O. Anleitung für das Musizieren auf Pommern ... c1978.  aNew Grove dictionary of musical instrumentsb(Racket (Rackett), cervelas, cervelat, rackett, rankett, cortalli, cortaldi)  aNew Grove Online, April 29, 2013:bracket (double-reed woodwind instrument of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The Renaissance or ‘pirouette’ type, though never in widespread use, appeared sporadically in central Europe from about the middle of the 16th century to the middle of the 17th.(00511nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562002900132670022800161mp201301559020140224113512.2130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015590  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aradio receiver  wgaelectronic instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Sound effects (John Cage was particularly eclectic in his choice of instrumentation for his works;Imaginary Landscapes nos.1–3 (1939–42) was the first work to use a radio receiver,)01636nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001600134462002100150462001600171462001400187562002800201670014200229670006700371670023500438670019900673670025500872670026701127mp2013015591DLC20140224113512.2010913|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015591  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aranāt ēk  arana-t ay-k  arànaât eèk  aranāt aek  aroneat ek  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Groveb(Ranāt: name of a group of xylophones and metallophones of Thailand and Kampuchea. Ranāt ēk (in Kampuchea, ranāt aek))  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Ranāt ʻēk; UF Ránâ-t ày-k)  aMelodic organization and improvisation in Thai music, with special reference to the thaang ránaàt eèk, 1997:bt.p. (Ránàt eèk) p. 2 (Thai xylophone; typically has 21 bars; lead instrument of the Pi Ì phât ensemble)  aGarland encyc. of world music, 1998:bv. 4, p. 229 (Ranat ek, foremost Thai xylophone; is distinctive to mainland Southeast Asia; present model of the rana-t ay-k has 21 hardwood or bamboo keys)  aOxford companion to musical instruments, 1992:bp. 278 (Ranat, or ranât; xylophones and metallophones of Thailand and Kampuchea (in the latter also written roneat); ranat (ranât ek, nominal compass f-f", inverted arch, 4' long, with central foot)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bp. 191 (Ranāt ēk (in Kampuchea, ranāt aek) is a high-pitched xylophone with a boat-shaped resonator mounted in a pedestal and 21 (occasionally 22) keys of bamboo or hardwood, the former producing a rather soft tone)00708nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001900134562002800153670006000181670006200241670023500303mp2013015592DLC20140224113512.2930723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015592  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aranāt thum  aranāt dhaṃ  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Groveb(Ranāt thum; in Kampuchea, ranāt dhaṃ)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Ranāt thum; Ránâ-t thúm)  aNew Grove Online, April 29, 2013:bunder Ranāt (ranāt thum (in Cambodia, roneat thung) is a low-pitched xylophone with a rectangular box-shaped resonator, about 125 cm long, and 17 (occasionally 18) keys of bamboo or hardwood)00408nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562003500128670011100163mp2013015593DLC20140224113512.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015593  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  arattle  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aNew Grove Online, April 29, 2013:brattle (shaken idiophone in a variety of forms and with numerous names)00604nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001100128562001200139670004800151670012000199670011500319mp2013015595DLC20140224113512.3970813|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015595  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  arebana  arebano  wgadrum  aSoepandi, A. Rebana burdah dan biang, 1992.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(rebana [rebano]: term for several types of drum in Malaysia and Indonesia)  aNew Grove Online, April 29, 2013:brebana (term for a frame drum and a conical drum in Malaysia and Indonesia)01595nz  a2200277n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001200131462001500143462001100158462001300169462001200182462001700194462001300211462001600224562003500240670019100275670016500466670027800631670013100909670027701040mp2013015596DLC20140224113512.4020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015596  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  areco-reco  acanzá  acaracaxá  acasaca  acatacá  aganzá  aquerequexé  araspador  areque-reque  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aStasi, C. 33 samra zabobra, 1987 junho 23:bleaf 1 of instructions (raspadores (reco-recos) de madeira; raspador (reco-reco) de metal) leaf 2-3 (reco-reco de madeira; reco-reco de metal)  aLang, M. Dict. of percussion terms as found in the symphonic repertoire, c1977b(reco-reco, S. Am., a wooden tube with ridges that is scraped with a thin stick)  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, June 13, 2001b(reco-reco: a notched bamboo stem scraper or a metal scraper; see Güiro ...) Brazil. Traditional music. Introduction. Organology (A popular type of scraped idiophone is the reco-reco, also known as raspador, casaca or catacá)  aEncyc. of percussion, c1995:bp. 77 (reco-reco: a Brazilian wood or bamboo scraper or rasper; sometimes called querēquexé)  aTaylor, J.L. A Portuguese-English dict., 1970b(reco-reco: a musical instrument consisting of a length of bamboo with transverse notches cut into it and over which a wand is rubbed to produce the sound; also called: reque-reque, canzá, ganzá, caracaxá, querequexé)01878nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462002000130462001500150462001700165462001700182462001800199462001700217462002700234562001800261670022800279670009500507670086000602670006801462670008201530mp2013015597DLC20140224113512.4061205|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015597  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  arecorder  abasset recorder  abeak flute  aBlockflöte  acommon flute  aEnglish flute  aflauto dolce  asubcontrabass recorder  wgaduct flute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(recorder: common flute, English flute, flûte à bec, flûte à neuf trous, flûte d'Angleterre, flûte douce, Blockflöte, Langsflöte, Schnabelflöte, flauto diretto, flauto dolce)  aMaute, M. Drei Canzonen für Sopranblockflöte (Violine, Zink) und Basso continuo, 1997.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Aug. 17, 2001b(Recorder: a woodwind instrument with a thumb-hole and (generally) seven finger-holes. It is the chief Western member of the class of duct flutes, being distinguished from most other members particularly by its thumb-hole. The neologism "blockflute," derived from the German Blockflöte, goes back at least to F.J. Giesbert's recorder tutor (Mainz, 1936). There are four main instruments in use today: the descant (known in the USA as the "soprano"); treble (in the USA "alto"); tenor, and bass. Sopranino and great bass instruments are also fairly common. In recent years the recorder with lowest note f has sometimes been termed the basset, because larger sizes have become more widespread: great bass (c), contrabass (F) and even subcontrabass (C) also called bass, great bass, and contrabass, respectively)  aLlorca, Ricardo. Concierto italiano, 2004:binsert (beak flute)  aGoogle web site, Dec. 5, 2006b(Recorder, also flûte à bec or beak flute)00565nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113562002700133670023500160680003600395mp201301559820140224113512.4130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015598  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  areed instrument  wgawoodwind instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 7, 2013:breed instrument (term commonly used for musical instruments in which an airstream is directed against a lamella which is thereby set into periodic vibration and interrupts the stream intermittently)  iAn unspecified reed instrument.01503nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001800132462001400150462002600164462001900190462001800209462001700227562002800244670102500272mp2013015599DLC20140224113512.5021001|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015599  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  areed organ  acabinet organ  aharmonium  amelodeon (reed organ)  aorgan, cabinet  aorgan, parlor  aparlor organ  wgafree reed instrument  aNew Grove Online, accessed November 19, 2013:breed organ (generic term for those keyboard instruments whose sound is produced by freely vibrating reed tongues (usually without individual resonators) and activated by air under either pressure or suction; these instruments vied with the piano for popularity as domestic instruments for much of the 19th century (hence the use of such terms as ‘cottage’ or ‘parlour’ organ) and were used extensively in small churches or chapels as an inexpensive substitute for the pipe) harmonium (The name given by Alexandre-François Debain to a small Reed organ patented in 1842. This original instrument had a three-octave keyboard, one set of reeds and a single blowing pedal) cabinet organ (term applied to various types of reed organ) melodeon (term extensively used in the USA during the first half of the 19th century to designate a small reed organ with a single keyboard and one or two sets of reeds) vocalion (type of reed organ; developed by John Baillie-Hamilton)00405nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562001200134680013700146mp201301560020140224113512.5130925|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015600  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aRenaissance lute  wgalute  iA lute popular in Europe from the 15th-17th centuries that has five to twelve courses, the upper courses tuned primarily in fourths.00719nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001600132562003000148670008700178670005300265670023100318mp2013015602DLC20140224113512.6890712|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015602  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  argya-gling  argya gliṅ  wgadouble reed instrument  aWork cat.: Rin-chen-rnam-rgyal, G. Rgya gliṅ gi rtsa tshig rab ʾbyams ... 1984.  aGrove dict. of musical instrumentsb(rgya-gling)  aNew Grove Online, April 29, 2013:brgya-gling (Tibetan oboe used in Buddhist rituals; conical hardwood tube, about 60 cm long, has seven equidistant fingerholes (stopped by the second phalange of the finger) and one thumbhole)00537nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562003000129670003700159670007900196670010400275mp2013015603DLC20140224113512.6950929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015603  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aroopill  wgasingle reed instrument  aMarguste, A. Roopillilood, 1978.  aGrove insts.b(roopill; simple clarinet of Estonia, with an idioglot reed)  aNew Grove Online, April 29, 2013:bunder Estonia (roopill: reedpipe, usually with six finger-holes)00979nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001500126462001100141462001400152562002000166670009400186670005800280670021100338670022400549mp2013015604DLC20140224113512.6001002|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015604  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aruan  achung juan  adaruan  azhongruan  wgaplucked lute  aHu, T. Hu Teng tʻiao ssu hsien wu chʻung tsou chʻü hsüan, 1991:bp. 1 (chung juan)  aChung-kuo yin yüeh tzʻu tien, 1984:bp. 326 (Juan)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(Ruan (juan); long-necked lute of the Han Chinese related to the Yuequin (yüeh chʻin); formerly of one size, but now constructed as a family of soprano, alto, tenor, and bass)  aGrove Music Online, accessed November 19, 2013:bunder Yueqin (the new ruan is now constructed in various sizes, tenor (zhongruan) and bass (daruan) being especially effective support instruments within large ensembles)00553nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562002000134670026500154mp2013015605DLC20140224113512.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015605  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aRussian horn  wganatural horn  aNew Grove Online, accessed November 19, 2013:bunder Horn band (hunting horns; the instruments, later described as Russian horns largely straight with a wide conical bore and were played with a cupped trumpet-type mouthpiece; each player sounded only one note)00516nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002200131670011800153670009900271mp2013015606DLC20140224113512.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015606  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aryūteki  wgaductless flute  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:bunder Solmization/Japan (ryūteki (flute), wind section of the gagaku orchestra)  aH. De Ferranti, Japanese mus. insts., p. 58b(called also ōteki or simply fue; finger holes)00804nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001100129462001200140462001300152562001600165670033200181680010900513mp2013015607DLC20140224113512.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015607  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asackbut  asagbut  ashagbut  ashakbush  wgatrombone  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:bsackbut (term used from the late 15th century to the 18th for a brass instrument operated using a telescopic slide, i.e. the Trombone; has appeared in a variety of spellings (e.g. in England, ‘sagbut’, ‘shakbush’ and ‘shagbut’); English term used until the 18th century for trombone)  iA brass instrument operated using a telescopic slide that was generally used in the 15th-18th centuries.00614nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001500130562001800145670005100163670014600214680008400360mp2013015608DLC20140224113512.9010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015608  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asalō̜  asà láw  wgabowed lute  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Salō̜; Sà láw)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Aug. 31, 2001:bunder Thailand, II, 1 (two-string spike fiddle with separate bow and coconut shell resonator)  iA Thai two-string spike fiddle with a separate bow and coconut shell resonator.00883nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562002200129670004400151670012800195670015000323670018100473680004700654mp2013015610DLC20140224113512.9070227|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015610  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asaluang  wgaductless flute  aSaluang music of Sumatera Barat, p1997.  aNew Grove dictionary of musical instruments, 1984:bv. 3, p. 287 (Open end-blown bamboo flute of Minangkabau, West Sumatra)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 1998:bv. 4, p. 610 (The end-blown bamboo flute (saluang) is prominent throughout the Minangkabau heartland)  aSaluang music of Sumatera Barat, p1997:binsert, p. 11 (Here we introduce the music of the Minangkabau, whose home is in Propinsi Sumatera Barat - the Province of West Sumatra)  iAn Indonesian open end-blown bamboo flute.00477nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462002200136562001900158670011100177680003100288mp2013015611DLC20140224113513.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015611  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asambuca lincea  apentacontachordon  wgaharpsichord  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Enharmonic harpsichord or arcicembalo ... also known as a pentacontachordon)  iAn enharmonic harpsichord.01143nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001800129562002900147670009100176670023200267670034000499680012200839mp2013015612DLC20140224113513.0020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015612  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asampler  asound sampler  wgaelectronic instrument  aSchäfer, H.J. Key report : das Nachschlagewerk für Synthesizer und Sampler, c1992.  aMaestas, B. Sampling basics, c1989:bp. 1 (sampling is the art of recording, editing, and storing any recordable sound in a computerized digital format to be played back through a special computerized keyboard called a sampler)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online (Feb. 26, 2002):bSampler; sound sampler (electronic musical instrument that has no sound of its own, but whose sounds are entirely derived from recordings; part of a digital recording process; the term recently additionally applied to earlier analog instruments based on any form of recording mechanism)  iAn electronic musical instrument that has no sound of its own, and whose sounds are entirely derived from recordings.00886nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001400129462001200143462001200155462001100167562002000178670009100198670010100289670009900390670013500489680003200624mp2013015613DLC20140224113513.1091230|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015613  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asanxian  ahsien tse  asanxian  axian ze  axianzi  wgaplucked lute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Chinese long-necked lute)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments 1975b(San hsien, long-necked lute of China, also called hsien tse)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Sanxian, long-necked lute of the Han Chinese, popularly called xianzi)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 7, p. 312 (sanxian; a three-stringed plucked lute; used in Buddhist rituals; China)  iA Chinese long-necked lute.01089nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001200129462001200141562002000153670005200173670013000225670002300355670029100378670016600669680003600835mp2013015614DLC20140224113513.2930609|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015614  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asanshin  ajabisen  ajamisen  wgaplucked lute  aTokubetsuten sanshin meiki 100-chō ten, 1988.  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(sanshin; plucked lute of Okinawa and Amami; often called jabisen on mainland; developed into shamisen)  aMarcuseb(Jamisen)  aH. De Ferranti, Japanese mus. insts., p. 88-90:bsanshin (three-stringed lute; played with a single small fingerpick made from buffalo horn rather than a plectrum; now played primarily in folk-music styles, was an instrument of the Okinawan court music tradition until the Meiji period)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 7, p. 789 (sanshin; most important instrument in the Ryûkyû Islands; three-stringed, long-necked plucked lute)  iA Japanese three-stringed lute.01507nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001100130462001200141462002200153562001600175670021600191670013000407670019700537670050300734680005201237mp2013015615DLC20140224113513.3010105|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015615  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asantūr  asantir  asantoor  asintir (dulcimer)  wgadulcimer  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(Sanṭūr: box zither of the Middle East, the Caucasus, southeastern Europe and South Asia; played by striking the strings with two hammers held in three fingers of each hand)  aSharma, S.K. The golden heritage [SR] p1997:bprogram notes (Santoor is a trapezoid-shaped instrument of the dulcimer family)  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:b(Dulcimer of the Middle East, south-eastern Europe and South and East Asia. It is used in Iran, Iraq, India, Kashmir, Turkey, Greece, Armenia, China and Tibet.)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 6, p. 411 (sanṭūr; table zither used in the Arab world; mentioned in the Old Testament as the sintir; probably derived from an ancient Babylonian horizontal harp that was struck with two sticks, as the modern instrument still is; was popular in Spain and known in North Africa and Egypt; today only used in Iraq) v. 5, p. 339 (santūr; Hindustani box zither with parallel front and back, and sides at forty-five degree angles to the longer front)  iA trapezoidal dulcimer of Asia and the Balkans.00723nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002200127670004800149670009000197670022400287680004200511mp2013015616DLC20140224113513.3081218|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015616  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asáo  wgaductless flute  aHò̂ng Thái, Sách học sáo trúc.  aGarland encyc. world music, vol. 4:bp. 475 (Sáo; horizontal bamboo flute, Vietnam)  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:bunder Vietnam (The sáo or địch (from the Chinese di) is a transverse bamboo flute with six finger-holes and an additional hole covered with a thin membrane, which acts as a mirliton)  iA Vietnamese transverse bamboo flute.00815nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001100137462001100148462001200159462000900171462000900180562002000189670004700209670011200256670017300368680003200541mp2013015617DLC20140224113513.4010907|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015617  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asapeh  asambe  asampeh  asampeq  asampiʹ  asape  asapi  wgaplucked lute  aMasters of the Sarawakian sape [SR] c1999.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. insts.b(sapeh: plucked lute of the Kenyan and Kenyah peoples of Sarawak, Malaysia)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 4, p. 834 (sapeh, a famous plucked lute in Sarawak and East Kalimantan; also known as sape, sambe, sampi,́ sapi, sampeh, and sampeq)  iAn Indonesian plucked lute.00973nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001700135562001800152670002800170670009500198670002700293670042000320680003900740mp2013015618DLC20140224113513.5010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015618  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asāraṅgī  asāran.gī  wgabowed lute  aRandom Houseb(Sarangi)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Sāraṅgī; short-necked fiddle of South Asia)  aMarcuseb(Sārangī)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 6, p. 338 (sāran.gī; North India, Hindustani; bowed chordophone; concert sāran.gī is carved from a single block of wood, has a waisted skin-covered belly, a short wide fretless neck, three main playing strings made of gut, and as many as thirty-six sympathetic strings; held vertically, resting on the floor;played with an arched bow held in an underhand grip)  iA South Asian short-necked fiddle.00827nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001800133670012000151670011100271670002700382670020600409680003000615mp2013015619DLC20140224113513.6060914|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015619  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asārindā  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: 2005309170: Sarhadi, Munir. Folk fiesta, 2005:binformation from Islamabad Overseas Office (Sārindā)  aGrove music online ed., Sept. 14, 2006b(Sārindā; double-chested fiddle of Afghanistan and South Asia)  aMarcuseb(Sārindā)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 6, p. 345 (sārindā; South Asia; bowed lute; distinctive deep-waisted double belly and a deep, arched back; vertical playing position; folk instrument)  iA South Asian bowed lute.00685nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002000127670017000147670016300317680004700480mp2013015620DLC20140224113513.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015620  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asarod  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:bsarod (Double-chested plucked lute, without frets, of northern South Asia; one of the most important instruments of Hindustani music)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2001:bv. 6, p. 336 (sarod; one of North India's most prominent concert instruments today; a short fretless plucked lute)  iA South Asian short fretless plucked lute.00777nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562003000134670010800164670029700272680005000569mp2013015621DLC20140224113513.7100519|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015621  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asarrusophone  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(sarrusophone: a brass inst. of conical bore, played with a double reed)  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:bsarrusophone (brass instrument of conical bore, played with a double reed. The complete family comprises the sopranino in E♭, soprano in B♭, alto (mezzo-soprano) in E♭, tenor in B♭, baritone in E♭, bass in B♭, and contrabasses in E♭, C, and B♭)  iA brass instrument played with a double reed.00957nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001700134462001400151462002000165462001100185562001200196670006900208670009100277670012600368670006700494670006900561670004600630680002700676mp2013015622DLC20140224113513.9010307|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015622  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asaùng-gauk  aBurmese harp  acoṅʻʺ  acoṅʻʺ kokʻ  atsaung  wgaharp  aBha Sanʻʺ. Gīta nhaṅʻʹ bhava ʾa tveʹ ʾa kruṃ, 1987.  aJudson's Burmese English dictionary, 1953:bp. 386 (Coṅʻʺ kokʻ same as Coṅʻʺ)  aNew Grove dict. mus.:bBurma 5. Burmese harp (Saùng-gauk) (Highly decorated 14-string Saùng-gauk (Old Burmese coǹ))  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Horizontal arched harp of Burma)  aMarcuse, Mus. instr.:bTsaung (Slender ... arched harp of Burma)  aWilliamson, M.C. The Burmese harp, c2000.  iA Burmese arched harp.00465nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001300129562002400142670015300166mp2013015623DLC20140224113514.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015623  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asaxhorn  asax horn  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:bsaxhorn (family of valved brass instruments developed by Adolphe Sax at his workshops in Paris in the 1840s and 50s)00659nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001800131562002200149670024100171680008900412mp2013015624DLC20140224113514.0110627|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015624  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asaxoflute  wgaduct flute  wgatoy instrument  aTherapro WWW site, May 1, 2013b(Toy Musical Instrument features 15 durable pieces that easily connect to form a wide variety of musical instruments. Build your own trumpet, saxophone, flute or any other wild creation you can dream up.)  iA toy wind instrument consisting of 15 pieces that can be connected in various ways.00624nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002800131562003000159670028900189mp2013015625DLC20140224113514.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015625  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asaxophone  asubcontrabass saxophone  wgasingle reed instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 1, 2013:bsaxophone (single-reed wind instrument invented by the Belgian-born maker Adolphe Sax in about 1840; originally intended the instrument for use in orchestras and military bands; combines a single-reed mouthpiece with a wide-bore conical tube of metal.)00381nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113462002000136562002500156680006600181mp201301584320140224113514.1131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015843  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asaxophone ensemble  asaxophone choir  wgawoodwind ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more saxophones of any type.01130nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117562002000125670007000145670036200215670035100577680003200928mp2013015626DLC20140224113514.2090305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015626  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asaz  wgaplucked lute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Saz)  aNew Grove online, Mar. 5, 2009b(Saz. This term is most widely applied to long-necked fretted lutes found in the Caucasus, Turkey, south-eastern Europe and neighbouring areas including northern Syria and northern Iran. It is often used loosely, sometimes differentiating a different type of long-necked lute, or as an alternative appellation for ṭanbūr)  aNew Grove online, Mar. 5, 2009b(Ṭanbūr. Nowadays the term ṭanbūr is applied to a variety of distinct and related long-necked lutes used in art and folk traditions. Similar or identical instruments are also known by other terms. Saz is applied in the Caucasus, Turkey, northern Syria, western Iraq and south-eastern Europe (also tambura))  iA long-necked fretted lute.01040nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462001600133462001700149462002000166462001700186462001400203562002800217670015800245670023700403670008900640680008100729mp2013015629DLC20140224113514.2990624|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015629  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asēmantron  asēmandron  asēmantēr  asēmantērion  asēmanthron  asimandron  wgapercussion idiophone  aSharikov, V.G. Ispolʹzovanie bil v pravoslavnom zvone, 1996:bp. 4 (Term sēmantron in Greek liturgy is equivalent to bilo in Russian Orthodox liturgy)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(Sēmantron (sēmandron, sēmantēr, sēmantērion, sēmanthron, simandron) wooden sounding-board or metal sounding-plate suspended and struck rapidly with a hammer; served as a call to prayer)  aMarcuse, S. Mus. instr.b(Semanterion, wooden percussion board struck with a hammer)  iA wooden percussion board struck with a hammer and used as a call to prayer.00703nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002900131670014400160670003900304670012100343680006900464mp2013015630DLC20140224113514.3060607|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015630  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asequencer  wgaelectronic instrument  aStarr, G.R. What's a sequencer?:bCIP galley, p. 6 (used as performance recorder, music programmer, MIDI sequence recorder, MIDI sequencer)  aNew Grove instrumentsb(Sequencer)  aNew Grove Online, April 9, 2013:bsequencer (electronic device that creates automated repeatable sequences of sound)  iAn electronic device that creates repeatable sequences of sound.00463nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562002400129670017600153mp2013015631DLC20140224113514.3110919|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015631  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aserpent  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bserpent (lip-energized wind instrument with side holes and a cup-shaped mouthpiece, sometimes called the ‘bass of the cornett family’.)01188nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003300117462001300150462001300163462001100176462001200187462001300199562002000212670013200232670024000364670029900604680005500903mp2013015632DLC20140224113514.4081126|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015632  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asetār (Iranian instrument)  asaitār  asehtār  asetā  asetór  asihtār  wgaplucked lute  aMusique iranienne, improvisations [SR] 1995:bcontainer (sétâr) insert (setar is a four-stringed lute of the Tanbur family)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(Setār; Persian word, meaning "three strings", used in Iran for a lute of the tanbūr family; mostly solo or used to acc. singers; in Baluchistan the setār is larger; also in Tajikistan and Kashmir)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Nov. 25, 2008b(Setār [saitār, sehtār, setā, setór, sihtār]. Persian word, meaning "three strings", used in Iran for a lute of the Ṭanbūr family with a small body, a long neck and four metal strings (three until the middle of the 19th century))  iAn Iranian four-stringed plucked long-necked lute.00753nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132562002200146670015300168670022300321680003900544mp2013015633DLC20140224113514.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015633  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ashakuhachi  asyakuhati  wgaductless flute  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bshakuhachi (End-blown Notched flute of Japan. The modern standard version has four finger-holes and one thumb-hole.)  aGarland Encyclopedia of World Music, 2001:bv. 7, p. 701 (syakuhati (shakuhachi); end-blown bamboo flute; has five finger holes (four at the front and one at the back) and a notched blowing edge cut into the upper end)  iA Japanese end-blown bamboo flute.00919nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130462001100142562002000153670021300173670029800386680005300684mp2013015634DLC20140224113514.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015634  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ashamisen  asamisen  asangen  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bshamisen (Japanese three-string fretless plucked lute. In the Kansai area of Kyoto and Osaka it is called samisen and as part of koto chamber music it is often known as sangen)  aGarland Encyclopedia of World Music, 2001:bv. 5, p. 340 (śahnāī; North Indian shawm or oboe; a double cane reed attaches to a thin metal tube that is inserted in the top of the wooden body; the body is slightly flared, and has a metal bell-shaped lower end and fingerholes without keys)  iA Japanese three-stringed fretless plucked lute.01436nz  a2200313n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462002100127462001300148462001200161462002200173462001100195462001300206462001300219462001400232462001000246462001100256462001200267462001300279562003000292670023500322670014400557670004800701670037300749mp2013015635DLC20140224113514.6010327|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015635  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ashawm  abombarde (shawm)  achalmeye  achalmie  achalumeau (shawm)  apommer  ascalmuse  aschalmei  aschalmuse  ashalm  ashalme  ashalmie  ashalmuse  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(chalmeye, shalme, chalmie, shalmuse; double-reed woodwind instrument, made in sizes from high soprano to low bass, extensively used in European music from the late 13th century to the 17th)  aNew Grove dict. of music online, March 27, 2001b(scalmuse, shalm, shalmie, schalmuse; under Bombarde (i): term for various types of shawm)  aMarcuseb(Bombarde: folk shawm of Brittany)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bshawm (woodwind instrument, usually with a double reed. The term ‘shawm’ has developed more than one meaning; since Hornbostel and Sachs...it has been used as a generic term denoting both single-reed and double-reed aerophones, but in organological literature it is applied for the sake of precision to double-reed instruments only)01042nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001400134462001700148462001600165462001100181462001200192462001100204562003000215670007500245670009600320670008600416670029800502mp2013015636DLC20140224113514.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015636  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aśahnāī  asanāī  asānāyī  ashahnāī  ashanai  ashehnai  asurnai  wgadouble reed instrument  aChaturvedi, B.K. How to play flute and shanai, 1988b(shahnai, shanai)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Śahnāī, sanāī, shahnāī, shehnāī)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bunder Śahnāī (Conical shawm of North India)  aGarland Encyclopedia of World Music, 2001:bv. 5, p. 340 (śahnāī; North Indian shawm or oboe; a double cane reed attaches to a thin metal tube that is inserted in the top of the wooden body; the body is slightly flared, and has a metal bell-shaped lower end and fingerholes without keys)00412nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001900127670013200146mp2013015637DLC20140224113514.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015637  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asheng  wgamouth organ  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bsheng (Mouth organ of the Han Chinese; especially prevalent in north and central-eastern China)00701nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001000130462001200140562002200152670006300174670009600237670013400333680004000467mp2013015638DLC20140224113514.8860305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015638  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ashinobue  ashino  atakebue  wgaductless flute  aWork cat.: Ōsei Sanshi. Shinobue dikushū no tomo, 1984  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(shinobue; shino; takebue; Japanese transverse bamboo flute)  aDe Ferranti, H. Jpnse. mus. insts., p. 56:bshinobue (side-blown flute of narrow bamboo; both six- and seven-hole shinobue exist)  iA Japanese transverse bamboo flute.00579nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001900127670012600146670016100272mp2013015639DLC20140224113514.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015639  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ashō  wgamouth organ  aDe Ferranti, H. Jpnse. mus. insts., p. 64:b(free-reed mouth organ of the modern gagaku ensemble; formal name, hōshō)  aGrove music online, viewed October 11, 2013b(shō; Japanese mouth organ; descended from the Chinese sheng; used in various genres of gagaku (court music))00714nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001500128562002000143670006800163670005100231670002100282670003200303670004600335670012700381mp2013015640DLC20140224113514.9080207|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015640  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ashofar  aram's horn  wganatural horn  aMaimonides, M. Mishneh Torah, c1988:bt.p. (the laws of shofar)  aRandom Houseb(Shofar, with ref. from Shophar)  aWeb. 3b(Shofar)  aBritannica Micro.b(Shofar)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Ram's horn)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bshofar (ram's horn of the Bible;ancient Jewish liturgical instrument that is still in use)01143nz  a2200277n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130462001100142462001200153462001000165462001300175462001600188562002000204670005900224670009000283670003200373670015500405670016500560670005400725670008600779mp2013015641DLC20140224113514.9091228|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015641  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ashudraga  aśanja  ashandz  ashandze  ashanz  ashidurgu  aśhuduġu  wgaplucked lute  aDashdulam, T͡S. Shudraga khȯgzhmiĭn surakh, 1975.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(shudraga [shidurgu, shandz]: Mongolian lute)  aLC database, Aug. 21, 1997.  aMarcuse musical instrumentsb(Shandze, Mongolian chordophone of Chinese origin; corresponds to the san hsieu; plucked with a plectrum or bare fingers)  aŚanja cibqadaqu tuqai, 1979:bp. 1, etc. (Śanja; also called Śudurġu; Mongolian 3-stringed plectral instrument; closely related to the Chinese san xian)  aShanz khȯgzhim sural͡tsagchdad tuslamzh, 1960.  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bshudraga (Mongolian lute; three-string, fretless)00354nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001100113562001700124670003900141680004000180mp201301564320140224113514.9130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015643  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asigner  wgaperformer  aWeb.3:bone who uses sign language  iA performer who uses sign language.00716nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462000900126462000900135462001400144562001600158670018600174670011100360670005100471mp2013015644DLC20140224113515.0910607|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015644  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asiku  asico  asicu  azampoña  wgapanpipes  aWork cat.: Valencia Chacón, A. El siku o zampoña, 1989:bp. 28 (called siku in the native Aymara and Quechua languages; also known by the word zampoña, a Spanish generic term)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instrumentsb(Siku, sicu, sico, South Andean panpipes; Zampoña (2) Andean panpipes)  aWeb. 3b(sicu also siku: the Bolivian panpipe)02017nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001400134462001500148462001500163462001700178462001700195562001200212670011100224670029600335670015700631670022700788670071501015680003301730mp2013015645DLC20140224113515.0040621|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015645  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asimsimīyya  asemsemiya  asemsemiyya  asimsimijah  asimsimīyah  asumsumīyya  wgalyre  aWork cat.: 2004345229: Sattātī, ʻIṣām. al-Simsimīyah bayna al-wāqiʻ wa-al-usṭūrah, 2003.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, June, 21, 2004b(Simsimīyya [semsemiyya, sumsumīyya]. Bowl or box lyre with five strings, found in Egypt (from the Suez area to Sinai), Saudi Arabia (the Red Sea coast) and South Yemen (where it has six strings). This instrument is smaller than the tanbura.)  aMarcuse, I. Musical instruments : a comprehensive dictionary, 1964b(Simsimijah, 5-stringed lyre of the Egyptian fellahin, sometimes also called tanbur)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:b(Bowl or box lyre with five strings, found in Egypt (from the Suez area to Sinai), Saudi Arabia (the Red Sea coast) and South Yemen (where it has six strings; smaller than the ṭanbūra.))  aWikipedia WWW site, viewed October 11, 2013b(singing bowls; also known as Tibetan singing bowls, rin gongs, Himalayan bowls or suzu gongs; a standing bell; sits with the bottom surface resting; sides and rim vibrate to produce sound characterized by a fundamental frequency and usually two audible harmonic overtones; used worldwide for meditation, music, relaxation, and personal well-being; historically made throughout Asia, especially Nepal, China and Japan; played by striking the rim of the bowl with a padded mallet; can also be played by the friction of rubbing a wood, plastic, or leather wrapped mallet around the rim of the bowl to emphasize the harmonic overtones and a continuous 'singing' sound)  iAn Arabian bowl or box lyre.00581nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001300128562001300141670012200154680011300276681002200389mp2013015646DLC20140224113515.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015646  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asinger  avocalist  wgavoice  aOxford companion to music, viewed October 11, 2013:bsinging (the use of the vocal mechanism to produce musical tone)  iA performer who uses his or her voice to produce musical tone. For an unspecified vocalized part seeavoice.  iNote underavoice02035nz  a2200301n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462002000134462001800154462001400172462001500186462001900201462001300220462001400233462002500247562001200272562002600284670031300310670011300623670006200736670071500798675013601513680008401649mp2013015647DLC20140224113515.1030122|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015647  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asinging bowl  abowl, Himalayan  abowl, singing  agong, rin  agong, suzu  aHimalayan bowl  arin gong  asuzu gong  aTibetan singing bowl  wgabell  wgafriction idiophone  aWork cat.: 2002287252: Verbeke, G. Singing bowls, c2000b(basins or pottery of various sizes, handmade of an alloy of different metals; manufactured and traded in the Himalayas by a travelling caste of smiths; used as vessels to cook, as offering bowls, as beat instruments, and for meditation or relaxation)  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Dec. 30, 2002b(in lists of works: Tibetan singing bowl; Tibetan singing bowls)  aLC database, Dec. 30, 2002b(singing bowl; singing bowls)  aWikipedia WWW site, viewed October 11, 2013b(singing bowls; also known as Tibetan singing bowls, rin gongs, Himalayan bowls or suzu gongs; a standing bell; sits with the bottom surface resting; sides and rim vibrate to produce sound characterized by a fundamental frequency and usually two audible harmonic overtones; used worldwide for meditation, music, relaxation, and personal well-being; historically made throughout Asia, especially Nepal, China and Japan; played by striking the rim of the bowl with a padded mallet; can also be played by the friction of rubbing a wood, plastic, or leather wrapped mallet around the rim of the bowl to emphasize the harmonic overtones and a continuous 'singing' sound)  aNew Harvard dict. mus.;aGarland encyc. world mus.;aBaker's music dict.;aOxf. comp. mus.;aWeb. 3;aAmer. heritage dict., 3rd ed.  iA Himalayan metal bowl that is generally struck or rubbed with a padded mallet.00624nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562002100134670027200155680006300427mp201301564220140224113515.1130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015642  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asinging membrane  wgamembranophone  aHornbostel, E. M. and Sachs, C. Classification of musical instruments:bpage 19 (singing membranes (kazoos); the membrane is made to vibrate by speaking or singing into it; the membrane does not yield a note of its own but merely modifies to voice; Europe, W. Africa)  iA membrane made to vibrate by speaking or singing into it.00638nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002700113562002300140670029800163680004300461mp201301564820140224113515.2130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015648  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asingle reed instrument  wgareed instrument  aGrove music online, viewed October 11, 2013:bReed (the single beating reed, typified by that of the clarinet or saxophone; a tapered piece of cane fastened at its thicker end with cord or a metal ligature to a mouthpiece that is roughly conical with a flat ‘table’ tangential to the base)  iAn unspecified single reed instrument.00889nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001000129562003000139670017100169670030500340680007400645mp2013015147DLC20140224113515.2991004|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015147  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  açifte  asipsi  wgasingle reed instrument  aLe sipsi des yayla [SR] p1998:bbooklet, p. 11 (a small clarinet ... probably belongs to the sibizgu/sibuzgu mentioned in the Kashgari dictionary; recorded in Turkey)  aNew Grove Online May 2, 2013:bunder Arghūl (Double clarinet with a cylindrical bore, composed of melody pipe and drone pipe each with single beating reeds; belongs to the family of idioglot clarinets, which includes the...çifte (Turkey)); under Central Asia (double clarinet of Turkey (çifte))  iA Turkish double clarinet consisting of a melody pipe and drone pipe.00796nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462002100128562001200149670030100161670008800462680007600550mp2013015649DLC20140224113515.2021220|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015649  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asistro  atimpano musicale  wgabell  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Dec. 20, 2002b(sistro (timpano musicale); series of small mushroom-shaped bells mounted in a frame on a handle; compass, akin to the glockenspiel, ranges from one to three octaves, with the bells mounted diagonically in a single row, or chromatically in two rows)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bsistro (said to have been invented by G.B. Ariosti)  iA series of small mushroom-shaped bells mounted in a frame on a handle.00390nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001400129670011300143mp2013015650DLC20140224113515.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015650  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asistrum  wgarattle  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bsistrum (sliding rattle in the shape of a spur (classified as an Idiophone))00505nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001100127462001800138562002000156670017100176mp2013015651DLC20140224113515.3860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015651  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asitar  acitara  asetar (sitar)  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bsitar (Large, fretted long-necked lute; prominent instrument of the classical music of the northern and central regions of South Asia)00605nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562003300127562001400160670005800174670008400232670011900316mp2013015652DLC20140224113515.3090521|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015652  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asiter  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aWork cat.: Pengenalan terhadap cengkok siteran, 1990.  aGrove Music Online WWW, Aug. 16, 2006b(Siter, a central Javanese board zither)  aNorthern Illinois University WWW, Aug. 28, 2006b(Siter ... a plucked string instrument with oblong box resonator)00633nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562002900133670012100162670014700283675004500430mp2013015654DLC20140224113515.4891218|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015654  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asĭyotanka  wgaNative American flute  aWork cat.: Nakai, R.C. Changes [SR] p1985:bcontainer (S̳iyótanka; Native American flute, of red cedar heartwood)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Sĭyotanka; large wooden courting flute of the Sioux Indians of the northern Plains area of the USA)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments;aWeb. 300743nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562002800131670010300159670015900262670009500421680005700516mp2013015656DLC20140224113515.4970305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015656  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aslit drum  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 95-115352: Armenteros, I. The sound of wood, c1994:bp. 6, etc. (slit drums, slit drum)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(slit-drum; an idiophone percussion tube or percussion vessel; not a true drum; the orchestral woodblock is a small slit-drum)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bslit drum (occur in several distinct regions of the world)  iA hollowed-out piece of wood with one or more slits.00641nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132562001200146670006300158670008900221670007800310670007100388mp2013015657DLC20140224113515.5021126|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015657  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asnare drum  aside drum  wgadrum  aWork cat.: Huber, N.A. Dasselbe ist nicht dasselbe, c1979.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments, 1984b(Side drum; snare drum; caisse claire)  aMarcuse. Musical instrumentsb(Snare drum; known as side drum in England)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bsnare drum (Side drum with snares)00616nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001700136562001800153670005200171670005900223670011600282680003600398mp2013015658DLC20140224113515.5010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015658  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asō̜ dūang  asaw dûa-ng  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Sō̜ dūang)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Sō̜ dūang; Saw dûa-ng)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bunder Thailand, Kingdom of (two-string, high-pitched, bowed lute, made of wood)  iA two-stringed Thai bowed lute.00748nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002300117462002100140562001800161670009100179670006700270670018900337680004000526mp2013015659DLC20140224113515.5010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015659  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asō̜ sām sāi  asaw-sǎ-m sǎi  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Sō̜ sām sāi; 3 stringed unfretted spike fiddle)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Sō̜ sām sāi; Saw-sǎ-m sǎi)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bunder Thailand, Kingdom of (three-string fiddle sō̧ sām sāi with a coconut-shell soundbox covered with cow- or goat-skin and without a soundhole)  iA three-stringed Thai spike fiddle.00854nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001200132562001800144670004800162670005200210670020300262670020700465mp2013015660DLC20140224113515.6010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015660  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asō̜ ū  asaw û  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Sō̜ ū)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Sō̜ ʻū; Saw û)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001:bThailand I/1/ii (low-pitched bowed lute, decoratively carved soundholes and a soundbox of coconut-shell, the front of which is covered with calfskin)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bunder Vietnam, Socialist Republic of (bowed stringed instrument; the Laotian so u) under Thailand, Kingdom of (low-pitched fiddle; bowed lute, the low-pitched sō̧ ū)00898nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462002700138462002100165462001700186562001500203670012600218670037200344mp2013015661DLC20140224113515.6060417|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015661  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asoftware sampler  amusic sampler software  asampler software  asoft sampler  wgasampler  aWork cat.: 2005929827: Das, D. Kontakt 2 power!, 2006:bp. xiv (one of the most powerful software samplers on the market)  aWikipedia WWW site, Apr. 17, 2006b(Software sampler; similar to a software synthesizer, but whereas a software synthesizer generates sounds algorithmically from mathematically-described tones or short-term waveforms (i.e., less than 100ms in length), a software sampler always reproduces samples, often much longer than a second, as the first step of its algorithm.)00449nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113562002200137680012500159681003100284mp201301584120140224113515.7131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015841  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asolo vocal ensemble  wgavocal ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of solo voices. For an ensemble consisting of two or more unspecified voices seeavocal ensemble.  iNote underavocal ensemble00729nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113462003000136462003200166462002200198462002500220562001600245670014200261670014400403mp201401500220140224113515.7140130|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2014015002  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asopranino clarinet  aE♭ clarinet (sopranino)  aE-flat clarinet (sopranino)  ahigh E♭clarinet  ahigh E-flat clarinet  wgaclarinet  aGrove music online, January 6, 2014b(sopranino clarinets, E♭ from late 18th century, replacing clarinet in F; military and orchestral)  aOxford dictionary of music, January 6, 2014b(high E♭clarinet; found in all military bands and occasionally figures in orchestral scores)00419nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002300113562001600136670014500152mp201301566220140224113515.7130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015662  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asopranino recorder  wgarecorder  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bunder Recorder (Sopranino ([lowest note] f″); music is customarily written an octave below sounding pitch)00403nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002400113562001700137670012700154mp201301566320140224113515.8130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015663  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asopranino saxophone  wgasaxophone  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bsopranino saxophone (highest instrument of the saxophone family, normally pitched in E♭)00437nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113462002100134562001600155670013200171mp201301566420140224113515.8130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015664  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asoprano recorder  adescant recorder  wgarecorder  aGrove music online, viewed October 15, 2013:bunder recorder (descant; known in the USA as the ‘soprano’; lowest note c″)00403nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002200113562001700135670012900152mp201301566520140224113515.8130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015665  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asoprano saxophone  wgasaxophone  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bsoprano saxophone (The soprano instrument of the saxophone family, normally pitched in B♭)00746nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113462002100131562002000152562001800172670041000190mp201301566620140224113515.9130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015666  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asoprano voice  asoprano (singer)  wgafemale voice  wgahigh voice  aGrove music online, viewed October 15, 2013b(soprano; generally refers directly to the singer; with female voices, frequently modified to describe the specific type of voice, such as ‘lyric soprano’ or ‘dramatic soprano’; also used for a boy's treble voice (‘boy soprano’) and in the 17th and 18th centuries was used for the adult male castrato with a high range; range between c′ and a″)00906nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001500132562001500147670014200162670018200304670025000486mp2013015667DLC20140224113515.9990503|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015667  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asordellina  asurdellina  wgabagpipe  aBaldano, G.L. Libro per scriver l'intavolatura per sonare sopra le sordelline, 1995b(Sordellina, a type of Italian drawing-room bagpipe)  aNew Grove encyc. mus. inst., 1984b(Sordellina, [Surdellina], a complex bellow-blown bagpipe described by Mersenne ... as a Neapolitan invention. An elaboration of the Zampogna)  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bunder Bagpipe (A complex bellows-blown elaboration of the zampogna was described by Mersenne as a Neapolitan invention, sordellina, with numerous closed keys on the drones somewhat similar to the Irish regulators)00752nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113562002900131670032000160680013800480mp201301566820140224113516.0130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015668  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asound effects  wgapercussion instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:b(Sounds and noises, primarily percussive, included in dramatic or musical performances. They range from sounds made off-stage in theatre, film and television productions to the many uses by composers of noise-making objects that would not normally be regarded as musical instruments)  iSounds and noises, primarily percussive that are often produced by noise-making objects not normally regarded as musical instruments.00408nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001200132670013000144mp2013015669DLC20140224113516.1920928|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015669  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asousaphone  wgatuba  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(sousaphone: a type of bass tuba used mainly in marching bands, named after John Philip Sousa)00398nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001200113462001300125462001100138462001100149562001300160680006700173mp201301567020140224113516.1130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015670  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aspeaker  anarrator  aorator  areader  wgavoice  iA performer who uses a speaking, rather than a singing, voice.00786nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001100113562001300124670052700137mp201301567120140224113516.2130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015671  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aspinet  wgapiano  aGrove music online, viewed October 16, 2013b(spinet; a small keyboard instrument with a plucking mechanism; a smaller variety of harpsichord; almost invariably with one keyboard and a single set of strings and jacks; in preferred current usage, ‘spinet’ refers to an instrument whose strings run diagonally from left to right instead of directly away from the player as in a harpsichord or transversely as in a virginal; during the 1930s in the USA, the term ‘spinet’ was also applied to miniature upright pianos)00351nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113562001400131680008400145mp201301567220140224113516.2130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015672  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aspoken chorus  wgachorus  iAn ensemble of performers who use a speaking voice rather than a singing voice.01000nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462002200134562001300156670006000169670046000229670014100689mp2013015673DLC20140224113516.3080605|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015673  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asquare piano  asquare pianoforte  wgapiano  aWork cat.: Goold, M. Mr. Langshaw's square piano, 2008.  aGrove music online, Apr. 22, 2008b(Square pianoforte. A piano with a horizontal string arrangement, usually in a rectangular case, although the term is also used for some pianos that are in the form of a harp lying on its side, reflecting the decrease of string length from bass to treble in the case outlines. From its invention in the mid-18th century, and throughout most of the 19th, the square piano was the most common domestic keyboard instrument)  aWeb. 3 via WWW, Apr. 22, 2008b(Square piano. A piano having a horizontal frame, an oblong case, and strings parallel with the keyboard)01231nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462002000132462001400152462001300166562002700179670014900206670004900355670004900404670049400453680006600947mp2013015674DLC20140224113516.3030328|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015674  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asteel band  asteel orchestra  asteelband  atinpanny  wgapercussion ensemble  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(An ensemble of tuned percussion instruments made from pans or oildrums (i.e. steel drums), with a few rhythm instruments)  aSteelbands of Trinidad and Tobago [SR] 1989.  aStuempfle, S. The Steelband movement, c1995.  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:b(ensemble of tuned idiophones called ‘pans’ (also ‘steel pans’ or ‘steel drums’) that originated in the late 1930s on the island of Trinidad as accompaniment to carnival masquerade. The modern steel band consists of a variety of chromatically tuned instruments made from 55-gallon oildrums and played with rubber-tipped mallets, as well as an ‘engine room’ comprising drum kit, congas, irons (motor vehicle brake drums) and other percussion)  iAn ensemble consisting of steel drums and rhythm instruments.00906nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001300132462001600145462001700161462001500178462001600193462001400209462001400223562002800237670006800265670034300333mp2013015675DLC20140224113516.4030328|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015675  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asteel drum  abass pan  adrum, steel  apan, soprano  apan, steel  asoprano pan  asteel pan  atenor pan  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 93218641: Kronman, U. Steel pan tuning, 1992, c1991.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Steel drum; Tambour d'acier (Fr.); Trinidad-Gongtrommel (Ger.); Tambour d'acciaio (It.); a tuned idiophone usually made from an oil drum; developed in Trinidad in the 1930s and 1940s; played in a steel band. Under steel band: an ensemble of tuned percussion instruments made from pans or oildrums)01484nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002300117462002400140462001300164462002200177562002500199670009600224670007300320670009200393670021100485670057000696mp2013015676DLC20140224113516.4060711|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015676  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asticcado pastorale  astaccato-pastorella  asticcado  asticcado-pastrole  wgamallet instrument  aSmart, G. New and complete instructions for the harmonica, or sticcado pastorale, ca. 1775.  aNew and compleat instructions for the staccato-pastorella, ca. 1780.  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, a comprehensive dictionary, 1964b(Sticcado pastorale)  aGrove music online, July 11, 2006b(Sticcado pastrole. A percussion idiophone made of glass (a crystallophone). The only known maker of these instruments is the publisher George Smart (d. London, ca. 1805))  aInformation from Peter Ward Jones, Bodleian Music Subject Librarian, July 11, 2006b(Sticcado pastorale: this small xylophone-type instrument with glass or wood bars enjoyed a short-lived popularity in England towards the end of the 18th century, where two or three instruction books and anthologies of music for it were published; the instrument's inventor, George Smart, published an instruction book himself, in which (despite the 'harmonica' first name in the title) he consistently names it 'sticcado pastorale'; it was also sometimes simply called 'sticcado')00688nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562003300134562001400167670017900181670010000360680005800460mp2013015677DLC20140224113516.4000922|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015677  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  astick zither  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aWork cat.: 95944656: Pǣng Nōčhā phū mī phonngān dīdēn thāng dān watthanatham sākhā sinlapa kānsadǣeng dontrī phư̄nbān phin pīa, 1995.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(stick zither: chordophone consisting of a stick bearing a string)  iA chordophone consisting of a stick bearing a string.01122nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562002900133670002900162670066800191680010500859mp2013015678DLC20140224113516.5110921|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015678  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  astring band  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove dict. of jazz.  aNew Grove Online, May 2, 2013:bstring band (Any ensemble consisting largely or wholly of string instruments. The string-band tradition is an independent one that has developed in parallel with jazz, and the characteristic types of ensemble have their roots in blues, ragtime, and society music from the turn of the century. Later influences have been elements of gypsy and Eastern European music; New Harv. under Bluegrass music (Bluegrass is typically performed by a "string band" consisting of a combination of non-electric instruments such as violin, mandolin, guitar, five-string banjo, and double bass, with some or all of the instruentalists also singing.)  iAn ensemble consisting largely or wholly of string instruments and often associated with jazz music.00515nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117462002000143462003100163462003300194462001200227562002900239680006500268mp2013015679DLC20140224113516.5030122|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015679  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  abowed string ensemble  astring ensemble  astring instrument ensemble  astringed instrument ensemble  astrings  wgainstrumental ensemble  iA mixed or unspecified ensemble of bowed string instruments.00736nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562002900134670036800163680007100531mp201301568120140224113516.6130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015681  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  astring orchestra  wgainstrumental ensemble  aWikipedia WWW site, viewed October 17, 2013b(string orchestra; an orchestra composed solely or primarily of instruments from the string family; can be of chamber orchestra size ranging from between 12 and 21 musicians, sometimes performing without a conductor, or consist of the entire string section of a large symphony orchestra, which could have 60 musicians)  iAn orchestra consisting solely or primarily of string instruments.00905nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117462001600139462002400155562001800179670041500197680012300612mp2013015680DLC20140224113516.6010917|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015680  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  astring instrument  achordophone  astringed instrument  wgainstrument  aNew Grove Online, March 30, 2013:bstring instrument (Instruments sounded by striking, plucking, rubbing, or (rarely) blowing strings, which are most commonly made of gut, silk, metal, or such synthetic materials as nylon. In Western orchestral and conservatory usage, the ‘strings’ consist of instruments of the violin family and the double bass, and also such plucked instruments as the guitar and harp.)  iAn unspecified string instrument. For an unspecified string instrument played with a bow seeabowed string instrument.00474nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562001700134562002900151670016000180mp201301568220140224113516.6130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015682  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  astruck idiophone  wgaidiophone  wgapercussion instrument  aHornbostel, E. M. and Sachs, C. Classification of musical instruments:bpage 14 (struck idiophones; the instrument is made to vibrate by being struck upon)00538nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002900113562002900142562002500171670020800196mp201301568320140224113516.7130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015683  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  astruck string instrument  wgapercussion instrument  wgastring instrument  aFolk and ethnic musical instruments WWW site, viewed October 30, 2013:bStruck string instruments page (In struck string instruments the sound is produced by the string being hit with a mallet or hammer)00363nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002900132670006800161mp2013015684DLC20140224113516.7980414|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015684  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asuifūkin  wgaedge-blown instrument  aSokusei suifūkin, 1906b(from illustrations, a type of flute)00547nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562001800128670005500146670011900201670004600320675001100366mp2013015685DLC20140224113516.8890626|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015685  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asuling  wgaduct flute  aWork cat.: Harrison, L. Music [SR] p1981b(Suling)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instrumentsb(Suling. Bamboo ring flute of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the southern Philippines)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(Suling)  aWeb. 300603nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001000128562002000138670009000158670004400248670014100292mp2013015686DLC20140224113516.8930723|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015686  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asu̜ng  aserng  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Su̜ng: plucked lute, with four strings, of Thailand)  aInfo. from U. of Mich.b(Súng; Serng)  aKaufmann, W. Sel.mus.trms for non-Western cultures;bunder Süng (Northeast Thailand; lute, occasionally the term refers to p'in (pin))00597nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001100128462001300139462001000152462001000162462000900172462001000181462001000191462001000201462001400211462001300225562003000238670007500268mp2013015687DLC20140224113516.9010726|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015687  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asuo na  achi na  ahiang te  ala pa  aso la  asona  asu-na  asuona  ata ti  awa wa erh  awu li wa  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(suona: su-na: oboe of the Han Chinese)00941nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132562002200146670016800168670027800336670015700614mp2013015688DLC20140224113516.9040624|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015688  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ašupeljka  ašupelka  wgaductless flute  aDžimrevski, Borivoje. Šupelkata vo Makedonija, 2000:bp. 339-345 (Šupelka, labial transverse flute; played by Macedonians, Turks, and Albanians in Macedonia)  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Šupeljka; end-blown flute of south-east Yugoslavia; open on both ends and has 6 finger holes; 25 cm long in Macedonia; 45 cm long in Kosovo and Montenegro; pastoral instrument; played solo in Montenegro and Macedonia, and in pairs in Kosovo)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, c1975b(Šupelka; end-blown flute of shepherds in Yugo, Macedonia, also known in Bulgaria, made preferably of boxwood)00497nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001300130670007700143670013100220mp2013015689DLC20140224113517.0881021|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015689  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asurbahar  wgasitar  aKhan, I. Brilliance of Irshad Khan [SR] p1986:blabel (Surbahar recital)  aNew Grove mus. instruments, 1984b(Sūrbahār, large plucked lute of north Indian classical music, effectively a bass sitar)00552nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001600127562001800143670016100161670007200322mp2013015690DLC20140224113517.1060118|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015690  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asurdo  acaixa-surda  wgasnare drum  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Jan. 18, 2006:bunder Brazil (caixa-surda or surdo; double-headed snare drum of European origin used in traditional music)  aGoogle, Jan. 18, 2006b(surdo: 819,000 hits; caixa-surda: 300 hits)01006nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002300129462001000152462001100162462001200173462001300185462001200198462001200210462001600222562001800238670009100256670023000347670015200577675001100729mp2013015691DLC20140224113517.1920916|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015691  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asvirala  aduduk (duct flute)  afrula  ajedina  ajedinka  ajednojka  asviraja  asvirale  ažvegljica  wgaduct flute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Svirala, shepherd's pipe)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Svirala, common term for the end-blown duct flute of Yugoslavia (Serbia, Bosnia, and Hercegovina, Montenegro and some parts of Croatia), known also as frula, sviraja, žvegljica, jedinka, or jednojka)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Svirala, generic term for flutes of Serbia, called jedina in N. Croatia and Slavonia, and duduk in W. Serbia.)  aWeb. 301528nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117462002200133462002400155462002200179462001000201462001600211562002900227670028200256670015900538670016400697670018900861670010801050680011601158mp2013015692DLC20140224113517.2110701|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015692  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  asynthesizer  amusic synthesizer  amusical synthesizer  asound synthesizer  asynth  asynthesiser  wgaelectronic instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. onlineb(Synthesizer [synthesiser]: electronic instrument, usually incorporating a keyboard; some earlier electronic instruments that were called "synthesizer" are better classified as composition machines, as their sounds are not produced in real time)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.:b(An instrument that produces sounds, modifies them, and in some circumstances orders them in time by purely electronic means.)  aOxford companion to mus. WWW site, Jul. 1, 2011:b(A term that may be used to describe any grouping of electronic devices for the purposes of sound synthesis.)  aWikipedia, Jul. 1, 2011:b(A synthesizer (often abbreviated "synth") is an electronic instrument capable of producing sounds by generating electrical signals of different frequencies.)  aGarland Encycl. of World Mus., v. 1:b(Ethnomusicological recourse to sound-synthesizer technology ...)  iAn electronic instrument capable of producing sounds by generating electrical signals of different frequencies.00569nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001100127562001200138670019800150680006300348mp2013015694DLC20140224113517.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015694  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atabla  atabala  wgadrum  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:btabla (Asymmetrical pair of small, tuned, hand-played drums of North and Central India, Pakistan and Bangladesh; the principal drums of modern Hindustani music.)  iA pair of small, tuned, hand-played drums from South Asia.00577nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001800127670005500145670023100200mp2013015695DLC20140224113517.3090205|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015695  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atabor  wgasnare drum  aWork cat.: 95123126: La gaita y el tamboril, 1989.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bunder pipe and tabor (A shallow English snare drum, smaller than the similar French tambourin, played in combination with a 3-hole duct flute by one person to provide music for dancing)00808nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462001200138462001200150462001100162462001200173562003000185670002600215670014700241670021400388mp2013015693DLC20140224113517.3010726|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015693  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atʻaepʻyŏngso  ahojŏk  anallari  asaenap  aswaenap  wgadouble reed instrument  aChu, K. Saenap, 1986.  aNew Grove mus. inst.b(tʾaepʾyŏngso; also called hojŏk, swaenap, or nallari; conical wooden oboe of Korea, related to the Chinese suona)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:b(Conical wooden double-reed pipe of Korea; also called hojŏk, swaenap or (onomatopoeically) nallari; about 47 cm long, eight finger-holes, the second of which is in the rear.)00757nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001200127670004500139670025600184670013600440675001100576mp2013015696DLC20140224113517.4980316|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015696  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ataiko  wgadrum  aNihon no taiko [SR] 1961:blabel (taiko)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.:bv. 3, p. 501 (taiko; generic term for all Japanese drums; commonly applied only to cylindrical or barrel drums) v. 9, p. 519 (Japan, III, 3: Theatre and court; The taiko is a shallow barrel drum with two cowhide heads)  aKishibe, S. The traditional music of Japan, 1982:bp. 39 (Taiko: a large flat drum with two skin heads, hung in a frame on a stand)  aWeb. 300673nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002600117562002700143670012200170670014200292680008100434mp2013015697DLC20140224113517.4051012|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015697  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ataiko (drum ensemble)  wgapercussion ensemble  aVarian, Heidi. The way of taiko, 2005: ECIP foreword (Taiko is a Japanese drum; also a drumming performance ensemble)  aGrove music online ed., Sept. 1, 2005b(An ensemble using mainly indigenous Japanese percussion instruments for performance on the stage)  iAn ensemble consisting mainly of indigenous Japanese percussion instruments.00404nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113562003100126562001200157670010100169mp201301569820140224113517.4130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015698  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atalharpa  wgabowed string instrument  wgalyre  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, 2000:bv. 8, p. 406 (talharpa; Swedish-Estonian bowed lyre)00885nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001100129562001200140670002800152670014100180670002300321670030400344680004300648mp2013015699DLC20140224113517.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015699  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atam-tam  atamtam  wgagong  aRandom Houseb(tam-tam)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(tam-tam; a term of Malayan origin, used for the gong of indefinite pitch in Western orchestras)  aMarcuseb(tam-tam)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:bunder Gong (The instrument seen most frequently in the Western orchestra is the large flat gong with a shallow lip and of indefinite pitch. Instruments of this type were originally imported only from China and are universally known by the original name ‘tam-tam’)  iA large flat gong of indefinite pitch.00372nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113562001600126670010800142mp201301570020140224113517.5130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015700  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aṭambal  wgadulcimer  aGrove music online, viewed October 18, 2013b(ṭambal; Romanian duclimer played in the taraf ensemble)00611nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562003300127562001400160670022900174675005000403mp2013015701DLC20140224113517.5030224|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015701  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atambi  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  a55048210: Lindgren, B. Tambimetoden, 19-b(illustrates one-stringed (lilltambi) and two-stringed (tambi) plucked instrument with flat bridge and frets for C major scale on one string and chromatic intervals on second string)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Feb. 24, 200301006nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001800130670037100148670012200519670007400641670012100715mp2013015702DLC20140224113517.6090205|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015702  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atamboril  wgasnare drum  aLa gaita y el tamboril, 1989:bp. 27-97 (a 2-headed drum pictured with a single snare, most examples similar to but smaller than the French tambourin and larger than the English tabor; beaten with the right hand as the player fingers a small duct flute (gaita, flaviol, etc.) with the left hand; the word tamboril is not specifically identified as a Portuguese term)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(a term for various single or double-headed drums of Spain and Latin America)  aNôvo michaelis, dicionário ilustrado, 2. ed.b(tambourine, tabor)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:btamboril (name of various single- or double-headed drums of Spain and Latin America)00641nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562001200128675005500140670019800195680009000393mp2013015703DLC20140224113517.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015703  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atambou  wgadrum  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.;aMarcuse. Mus. instr.  aBerrian, B., Awakening Spaces: French Caribbean Popular Songs, Music, and Culture, p. 209:btambou (type of drum known in the French Carribean; A hollowed out tree trunk covered in animal skin)  iA French Caribbean drum formed from a hollowed out tree trunk covered in animal skin.01016nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002700131462002700158462001100185462001300196462002600209462002600235562001800261670031800279680016200597681002700759mp2013015704DLC20140224113517.6090205|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015704  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atambourin  aProvence, tambourin de  aprovençal, tambourin  atabour  atabourin  atambourin de Provence  atambourin provençal  wgasnare drum  aGrove dict. of mus. WWW site, Feb. 5, 2009:btambourin (de Provence), tambourin provençal (double-headed drum from Provence in the form of a large tabor with a long cylindrical body and a single snare on the upper head ... the variant forms tabour and its diminutive tabourin are also found in medieval sources)  iA double-headed snare drum from Provence. For the single-headed frame drum, usually with jingles hanging loosely from openings in the shell, seeatambourine.  iNote underatambourine01073nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462002300132462002200155562001800177562003500195670045700230680016600687681002600853mp2013015705DLC20140224113517.7860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015705  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atambourine  aBasque, tambour de  atambour de Basque  wgaframe drum  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:btambourine (small single-headed frame drum of Middle Eastern origin (it is classified as a Membranophone; consists of a shallow ring of wood, covered on one side with parchment (or a plastic material). With isolated exceptions small metal discs called jingles (and occasionally small bells), arranged singly or in pairs, hang loosely in openings in the shell. In the modern European form the head is nailed to the shell)  iA small single-headed frame drum, usually with jingles hanging loosely from openings in the shell. For the double-headed snare drum from Provence seeatambourin.  iNote underatambourin00757nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162002900131462001100160462001300171462001600184462001600200462001600216562002000232670004400252670019300296680005000489mp2013015706DLC20140224113517.7090402|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015706zsh 85132179   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atambūrā (drone lute)  apandur  atamboura  atambūrī  atampūrī  atanpūrā  wgaplucked lute  aParampara!, p1998:bcontainer (tanpura)  aNew Grove online, Mar. 5, 2009b(Tambūrā (tambūrī, tampūrī, tānpūrā). A term for long-necked plucked drone lutes of South Asia, found in both art and traditional musics.)  iA South Asian long-necked plucked drone lute.01732nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162002700131462001600158462001400174462001500188562002000203670009200223670019300315670022300508670026900731670013701000670008101137670022901218680003101447mp2013015707DLC20140224113517.8091222|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015707zsh 85132179   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atambura (fretted lute)  atambouritza  atamburica  atamburitza  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: 2009535156: Njikoš, J. Glazbena literatura za tamburaške orkestre, 2007.  aNew Grove II online, Mar. 5, 2009b(Bosnia. Musical instruments. A variety of long-necked lutes, generically referred to as tambura, reached Bosnia from the East during the Ottoman period)  aNew Grove online, Mar. 5, 2009b(Ṭanbūr. Similar or identical instruments are also known by other terms. Saz is applied in the Caucasus, Turkey, northern Syria, western Iraq and south-eastern Europe (also tambura))  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Tambura; general name for several long-necked lutes of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Turkey, with an oval or elongated resonator and slender neck. The neck carries between 12 and 18 frets, arranged diatonically or chromatically)  aMesečina divno sja; Dockan pođjoh iz Novoga Sada, 1913:blabels (uz pratnju tamburica [in rom.] = [with tamburica accompaniment])  aKosovo waltz; Theresa polka, c.1928:blabels (Serbian tambouritza orchestra)  aGarland encyclopedia of world music, v. 8: Europe / Rice, Porter, and Goertzen, 2000b(numerous references to tambura, tamburica, especially in reference to Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia)  iA Balkan long-necked lute.00819nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162003600131562003500167670010700202670030000309680005200609mp2013015708DLC20140224113517.8090305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015708zsh2008003981  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atambura (fretted lute) ensemble  wgaplucked instrument ensemble  aWork cat.: Sa slavonske ravni, 1986:bcaption (za mjesǒviti pjevacǩi zbor i tamboraški orkestar)  aNew Grove dict. of music online, May 7, 2008:bunder Bosnia-Hercegovina, II, 4 (in Bosnia and Croatia, ensembles of long-necked lutes adjusted to the Western tempered system and fashioned in many different sizes and registers; led to the formation of tambura orchestras or tamburaški orkestri)  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more tamburas.00993nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001500132462001200147462001900159562002000178670012400198670006600322670036500388670003400753mp2013015710DLC20140224113517.8090305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015710  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aṭanbūr  aṭambūr  atanboor  atanbura (lute)  wgaplucked lute  aDialogue avec l'aimé, p1997:bbooklet (tanbur [used in both English and French]: an ancient Persian and Kurdish lute)  a2004335007: Tanbura music of the Gulf, 2002:blabel (tanbura)  aNew Grove II online, Mar. 5, 2009b(Ṭanbūr (or Ṭambūr) is applied to a variety of distinct and related long-necked lutes used in art and folk traditions. Similar or identical instruments are also known by other terms. Saz (Persian: 'instrument') is applied in the Caucasus, Turkey, northern Syria, western Iraq and south-eastern Europe (also tambura).)  aBahāuddīn. Tanboor, 197-.00678nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562002700135562003200162562001400194670019900208680010100407mp2013015711DLC20140224113517.9030827|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015711  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atangent piano  wgakeyboard instrument  wgastruck string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, July 25, 2003b(keyboard instrument whose strings are struck by freely moving slips of wood resembling harpsichord jacks rather than by hinged or pivoted hammers)  iA keyboard instrument whose strings are struck by slips of wood that resemble harpsichord jacks.00559nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562002200127670027600149mp2013015712DLC20140224113517.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015712  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atanso  wgaductless flute  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:btanso (End-blown bamboo Notched flute of Korea; about 39–40 cm long and has five finger-holes, the first of which is in the rear; there is a small notch at the front of the upper end; Marcuse: end-blown flute of Korea with 4 fingerholes)01133nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001400132670026000146670004600406670008700452670034700539680006500886mp2013015713DLC20140224113518.0000630|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015713  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atap dancer  wgadancer  aJeni LeGon : living in a great big way, c1999b(a National Film Board of Canada film about LeGon, a tap dancer from Chicago, who in the late 1960s after her career in Hollywood moved to Vancouver, B.C. to become a teacher of tap dancing and choreographer)  aGlover, S. Savion : my life in tap, 2000.  aFrank, R. Tap! : the greatest tap dance stars and their stories, 1900-1955, c1994.  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:bunder Tap dance (form of theatrical dance in which rhythmic patterns are sounded by the toes and heels striking the floor. The style emerged from 19th-century dances of European and black American origin, including the Irish jig, the English clog dance, the hornpipe and a number of black American step dances)  iA performer who tap dances as part of a musical composition.01683nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562001800132670032100150670014200471670040600613670046501019675001701484mp2013015714DLC20140224113518.0071019|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015714  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atar (drum)  wgaframe drum  aWork cat.: El Din, H. Lily of the Nile [SR] p1990:binsert (The Tar ... is a wood-framed single-headed drum, covered with goatskin, and similar in shape, size, and form to the tambourine, but without the metal disks ... Originating probably in Pharaonic Egypt ... the Tar is traditionally played with the bare hands)  aGrove Music Online, viewed Feb. 12, 2007b(Bedouin music>Frame drums (tār, bandīr) of different sizes are used in some Bedouin music)  aDrum Journey website, Feb. 12, 2007b(Frame Drums by N. Scott Robinson>The Egyptian tar - not to be confused with the tar used in Persian music, which is a lute - is a circular frame drum found in Arabic music traditions throughout North Africa. It ranges from 12" to 16" (30 cm to 40 cm) in diameter, and is held in the Oriental grip (tar and bendir are often used interchangeably in Arabic culture))  aEncyc. Brit. online, viewed Feb. 12, 2007b(Tambourine: Varieties include the duff (also a generic word for such drums), bandir, tar, and da'irah) Islamic Arts: a variety of tambourines, or frame drums, which all fall under the generic name duff. These include the North African ghirbal and bendir, instruments that have a number of "snares" across the skin and are used for folk dances; and the da'irah, or tar, with jingling plates or rings set in the frame)  aEncyc. Brit.00547nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462000900132562002000141670007100161670015700232mp2013015715DLC20140224113518.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015715  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atar (lute)  ataar  wgaplucked lute  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Projects Collection, 1938-1940b(Tar)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:btar (Double-chested plucked lute of the Rabāb family, with a membrane as a soundtable, found in Iran and the Caucasus)00923nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001800137462001000155462001100165562001800176670009500194670021000289670016800499680003800667mp2013015716DLC20140224113518.1010109|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015716  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atarka  aanata  atar pinkayllu  atarca  atharka  wgaduct flute  aTarkeadas en el Altiplano, 1998:binsert (Tarka; "wind flute" of the Indians of the Andes)  aGarland encyc. of world music. South America, Mexico, Central America & the Caribbean:bp. 994 (tarka; a square or slightly hexagonal wooden duct flute with a hoarse sound; played in Bolivia, Chile & Peru)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Tarka (tarca, tharka, tar pinkayllu, anata); end-blown, wooden duct flute of the Bolivian & Chilean Andes; in three sizes)  iA wooden duct flute of the Andes.00723nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001200134462001300146462001600159562003000175670016000205670017600365mp2013015717DLC20140224113518.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015717  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atárogató  ataragot  atarakava  atorogoată  wgasingle reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(táragató: taragot, tarakava, torogoată; a woodwind instrument with a reed, generally associated with Hungarian music)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:b(woodwind instrument generally associated with Hungarian music; variant of the Eastern oboe [misleading; this is a single-reed instrument])01635nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001200131462001000143462001300153462001300166562001200179670007300191670009900264670025000363670030700613670048500920mp2013015718DLC20140224113518.2051214|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015718  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atāshā  atamukku  atarsa  atarshā  aṭāsa  wgadrum  aWolf, R.K. India and Pakistan, 1991-1998:bdocumentation (tāshā)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 5, p. 993 (tāshā; shallow bowl-shaped drum in Pakistan)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bv. 3, p. 532 (ṭāsa (tasa, tāśā, tasha); small kettledrum of pre-Islamic times; cognate instruments have spread to north India and Indonesia; the tāśā or tasha is widespread in north India)  aMarcuse S. Musical instruments, 1975:bp. 510 (tamukku; small kettledrum of S. India, identical to the tarshā) p. 513 (tarsa; see tarshā; tarshā; small kettledrum of N. India, made of clay, with a thin skin head, usually glued, rarely laced; played with sticks) p. 514 (tāsha; syn. of tarshā)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:bunder Tāsa (Small Kettledrum of pre-Islamic times; the name probably derives from Persian. Cognate instruments have spread to North India and Indonesia.The tāśā or tasha is widespread in North India. A goatskin or, nowadays, synthetic head is stretched over a clay or metal bowl, about 36 cm in diameter. The instrument hangs from a strap around the player’s neck in front of the body and the head is struck with two thin bamboo sticks.)"00879nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001100127462001100138562001200149670007100161670011000232670035500342mp2013015719DLC20140224113518.2960412|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015719  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atavil  adhavul  athavil  wgadrum  aCuntaram, P.E. Tavil vācikkak kar̲r̲ukkoḷḷuṅkaḷ, 1993.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Tavil; Thavil; Dhavul; Double-headed barrel drum of South India)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:bunder India/Theory and practice of classical music/instrumental traditions (major barrel drum of South Asian classical tradition, the south Indian tavil); under Sri Lanka, Democratic and Socialist Republic of (The Hindu temple ensemble, consisting of the tavil and double-reed nāgasvaram, is ubiquitous in Sri Lanka)00271nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562002900132mp201301572020140224113518.2130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015720  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atelevision set  wgaelectronic instrument00813nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001400134562002900148562002700177670005900204670018200263670018600445mp2013015721DLC20140224113518.3020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015721  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atelharmonium  adynaphone  wgaelectronic instrument  wgakeyboard instrument  aWeidenaar, R. Magic music from the telharmonium, 1995.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Telharmonium (Dynaphone); an electromechanical keyboard instrument; only 3 instruments were ever made and none are known to still exist)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:btelharmonium (electromechanical keyboard instrument developed in Washington, DC, and Holyoke, Massachusetts, between 1894 and 1911 by Thaddeus Cahil)00367nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001900113562001600132670009700148mp201301572220140224113518.3130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015722  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atenor recorder  wgarecorder  a670aGrove music online, viewed October 18, 2013:bunder recorder (tenor (lowest note c′))00468nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113562001700133670019600150mp201301572320140224113518.3130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015723  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atenor saxophone  wgasaxophone  aGrove music online, viewed October 21, 2013b(tenor saxophone; the tenor instrument of the saxophone family, normally pitched in B-flat; was formerly found also in C (the C-melody saxophone))00670nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117562001800134670029000152670008200442mp2013015724DLC20140224113518.4860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015724  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atenor violin  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online (Jan. 18, 2013)b(A term for a string instrument, most often denoting a type of viola or a small cello. From the 16th century onwards the term was most commonly applied to a large viola with four strings tuned like a modern viola in 5ths upwards from c.)  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(the tenor-voiced instrument of the violin family)00700nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001600113462001900129562001800148562001800166670025900184670009900443mp201301572520140224113518.4130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015725  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atenor voice  atenor (singer)  wgahigh voice  wgamale voice  aGrove music online, viewed October 21, 2013:bunder Tenor (In polyphony between about 1250 and 1500, the structurally fundamental (or ‘holding’) voice, vocal or instrumental; by the 15th century it came to signify the male voice that sang such parts)  aOxford dictionary of music, viewed October 21, 2013:bunder tenor ((1) Highest normal male v.)00629nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562003000128670006100158670012300219670012900342mp2013015726DLC20140224113518.5940425|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015726  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atenora  wgadouble reed instrument  aFrancès, E. Andreu Toron i la tenora, 1815-1886, 1986.  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst., 1984b(Tenora: The Spanish word for "tenor", specifically applied to a shawm of Catalonia)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:bunder Shawm (Catalonia and Roussillon; The tenora is in B♭ with a compass of e to c′″)00902nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132462001800146462001400164462001800178462001500196462001000211462001200221562001700233670007000250670023700320670010300557mp2013015727DLC20140224113518.5970306|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015727  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ateponaztli  aquiringua  atepenahuasqui  ateponagua  ateponahuaztli  ateponaxtle  atinco  atun-kul  wgaslit drum  aArmenteros, I. The sound of wood, c1994:bp. 9, etc. (teponaztli)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(teponaztli (quiringua, tepenahuasqui, teponagua, teponahuaztli, teponaxtle, tinco, tun-kul) a slit-drum, one of the most important instruments of the Aztecs and still in use in several regions in Mexico)  aNew Grove Online, May 3, 2013:bunder Aztec music (slit-drum with two tongues played with mallets)01443nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001700135462001800152562001300170670004800183670058800231670011900819670005700938670008100995675006801076680006901144mp2013015728DLC20140224113518.5020809|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015728  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atheater organ  acinema organ  atheatre organ  wgaorgan  aDettke, K.H. Kino- und Theaterorgeln, 2001.  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(Cinema organ (theatre organ): a type of organ designed to take the place of instrumental players in early 20th-cent. cinemas and theatres; developed in the U.S. by the Wurlitzer Co. in conjunction with Robert Hope-Jones; in the U.S., the term "theatre organ" is preferred. Theatre organ: the organ as used in theatrical entertainments, operas, oratorios, and concerts during the 17th and 18th cents., and fulfilling the function of a substitute for the orchestra in the 19th cent.; for a later, specifically American usage of the term, see Cinema organ)  aAmerigroveb(Theater organ (cinema organ): a type of organ developed to provide background music for silent films)  aMusic index WWW site, Aug. 9, 2002b(Organ, Theater)  aLC database, Aug. 9, 2002b(theatre organ [predominant form], theater organ)  aWeb. 3;aAmer. heritage dict., 3rd ed.;aNew Harvard dict. mus.  iAn organ developed to provide background music for silent films.02335nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010003100075040002500106162001200131462001500143462001300158462001100171462001400182462001100196462001100207462001100218562002000229670059200249670106000841680019201901mp2013015729DLC20140224113518.6071017|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015729zsh 87004597   aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atheorbo  achitarrone  atéorbe  atheorb  athéorbe  atiorba  atuorba  atuorbe  wgaplucked lute  aTorelli, F. A tutor for the theorbo, c2006:bp. 4 (In the Italian repertoire from the early 1600's, the theorbo is also known as the chitarrone. Many musicians and scholars long believed that this second term referred to a different instrument altogether, but we now know, also thanks to the writings of the composers E. de Cavalieri, A. Piccinini and G. Kapsberger, that tiorba (theorbo) and chitarrone were used synonymously in Italy in the first half of the 17th century. Afterwords, the first name prevailed, which gave rise to the French term "théorbe" and the English "theorbo.")  aGrove music online, viewed Oct. 17, 2007:bunder Theorbo ((Fr. téorbe, théorbe, tuorbe; Ger. Theorb; It. tiorba, tuorba). An instrument of the Western lute family with stopped courses considerably longer than those of a lute and with a separate nut and pegbox for a set of longer, unstopped bass strings. The Italian names chitarrone and tiorba were used synonymously for the same instrument, depending on personal or regional preferences. During the 17th century and part of the 18th the theorbo was popular as an accompanying instrument, and in the 17th century a certain amount of solo music in tablature was published for it.) under Chitarrone (A name used synonymously with tiorba (see Theorbo) in Italy during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. After 1600, the alternative name tiorba was often used. Two contemporary references, Praetorius (1619) and Piccinini (1623), led some modern writers to conjecture that the chitarrone was strung with wire and the tiorba with gut. However, this theory has been discredited by subsequent research.)  iA large extended-neck lute with two peg boxes that was used principally in the Baroque period, on which the upper courses have a reentrant tuning and the diapasons are tuned diatonically.00735nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001500130462001500145462001600160562002900176670005800205670006700263670001200330670018700342mp2013015730DLC20140224113518.6020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015730  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atheremin  aaetherphon  atermenvoks  athereminvox  wgaelectronic instrument  aWork cat.: p1987b(theremin, aetherphon, thereminvox)  aGrove dict. of instrumentsb(theremin, termenvoks, aetherphon)  aWeb. 3.  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btheremin (monophonic electronic instrument developed by Lev Sergeyevich Termen and named after him; it was one of the earliest electronic instruments)00690nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001500127462001400142462001300156562002700169670008100196670023100277mp2013015731DLC20140224113518.7050302|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015731  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atibia  ashank bone  ashin bone  ashinbone  wgawoodwind instrument  aIntl. dict. med. biol.b(tibia: also called shin bone, shank bone, shinbone)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btibia (Ancient Roman wind instrument (an Aerophone). It is occasionally referred to as a fistula (Lat.: ‘pipe’). In construction and function it is substantially the same as the Greek Aulos)00691nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117562001200139670034200151675005200493mp2013015732DLC20140224113518.7980824|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015732  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atimbales criollos  wgadrum  aOrtiz, F. La paila, los timbales criollos, el bongo, c1995:bp. 9-10 (related to kettledrums in name only; Afro-Cuban drums, wider than they are tall, with a membrane on one end, open at the other, and played with two drumsticks; each instrument consists of a pair of drums, "macho" and "hembra," and is always referred to in the plural)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments;aWeb. 300668nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001500129462001600144462001300160462001200173562001200185670015000197670012700347mp2013015733DLC20140224113518.8060125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015733  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atimpani  akettledrum  akettledrums  atimpanum  atympani  wgadrum  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Jan. 25, 2006:bunder Timpani (...To avoid the necessity of playing a wide range of notes on each timpanum ...)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btimpani (European kettledrums; the most important percussion instruments of the orchestra)00389nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001200113562002900125670011300154mp201301573420140224113518.8130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015734  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atin can  wgapercussion instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Polynesia (tin-can drum (tini)); under Percussion (tin can and hammer)00972nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001100130562001700141670008900158670019100247670009900438670007600537670016500613mp2013015735DLC20140224113518.8100512|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015735  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atingklik  arindik  wgaxylophone  aHansen, J. The art of performing bamboo instruments of Bali, c1992:bp. 3 (tingklik)  aTenzer, M. Balinese music, 1991:bp. 89 (Tingklik, most common name for a bamboo instrument made of a series of tubes tuned to a scale and strung up in ascending order in a simple frame)  aGarland encyc. world music. Southeast Asia, 1998:bp. 754 (tingklik, rindik; bamboo xylophone)  aNew Grove dict. of musical inst.b(Tinglik (rindik), xylophone of Bali)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Indonesia,/Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa (bamboo-keyed instrument; played with mallets with long sticks and rubber-tipped ends)00929nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001500127462001100142562002000153670005200173670019800225670010500423670020700528mp2013015736DLC20140224113518.9110920|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015736  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atiple  aguitarillo  atimple  wgaplucked lute  aPuerta Zuluaga, D. Los caminos del tiple, 1988.  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst., 1984b(Tiple: Spanish word for treble or soprano; 1. A small guitar of Spain, Colombia ... Colombian Andean tiple; 2. The treble shawm of the Catalan cobla ensemble)  aOxford music online, June 2, 2010b(under Tiple: ... the tiple (also known as timple or guitarillo))  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btiple (Spanish word for ‘treble’ or ‘soprano’, often applied to specific instruments. (1) A small guitar of Spain, Colombia, Guatemala, Puerto Rico and Venezuela)00595nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002000129562001200149670028800161mp2013015737DLC20140224113518.9031211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015737  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atom-tom  aChinese tom-tom  wgadrum  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Dec. 11, 2003b(name loosely applied in the West to certain African, Eastern and Amerindian drums, but now generally applied to the cylindrical rod-tensioned drums with wooden shells used in Western jazz and pop bands; under Drum kit: Chinese tom-tom)00513nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001500129562001600144670020700160mp2013015738DLC20140224113518.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015738  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atonette  asong flute  wgarecorder  aWikipedia:btonette (small, end-blown flute made of plastic, which was once popular in American elementary music education; the range ette is from C4 (middle C) to D5. It is also known as a song flute.)00731nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462002700136462002700163562001800190670023700208680011600445mp2013015739DLC20140224113519.0070213|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015739  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atoy instrument  amusical toy instrument  atoy musical instrument  wgainstrument  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btoy instrument (term is used both of simplified or scaled-down versions of conventional instruments, mostly wind and percussion, and of special instruments and sound devices made by and for children.)  iAn instrument made for children that is often a simplified or scaled-down version of a conventional instrument.00458nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001800113462001700131562002900148670014700177mp201301574020140224113519.0130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015740  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atoy orchestra  atoy symphony  wgainstrumental ensemble  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Toy instruments (Toy instruments...continue to be made, and have been featured in many...toy symphonies)01131nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001500131562002700146562002800173562002200201670023600223670049000459mp2013015741DLC20140224113519.1070321|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015741  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atoy piano  apiano, toy  wgakeyboard instrument  wgapercussion idiophone  wgatoy instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.:bv. 3, p. 615 (toy piano: a small keyboard inst. with a compass between 2 diatonic and 3 chromatic octaves, manufactured as a toy; its mechanism resembles that of the full-sized keyboard glockenspiel)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Toy instruments (The toy piano has been featured in John Cage's Suite for Toy Piano (1948) and Music for Amplified Toy Pianos (1960) and included in works by George Crumb, Renaud Gagneux, Mauricio Kagel, Louis Roquin, Zygmunt Krauze, Leonid Aleksandrovich, Grabovsky and others, and compact discs with specially-commissioned – primarily solo – works have been released in the United States (Margaret Leng-Tan) and in Germany (Bernd Wiesemann))00454nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002900132670015900161mp2013015742DLC20140224113519.1020304|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015742  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atrautonium  wgaelectronic instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btrautonium (monophonic electronic instrument, the name of which is derived from that of its inventor, friedrich Trautwein)00425nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001200133670014600145mp2013015744DLC20140224113519.1050803|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015744  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atreble viol  wgaviol  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Aug. 3, 2005:bunder Viol/1 (treble; treble, tenor and bass viols were regular members of the viol consort)00478nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002000126670004900146670013700195mp2013015745DLC20140224113519.2980812|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015745  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atres  wgaplucked lute  aGarcia, T. El rucurso del tres, 1998b(Tres)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments, 1984:bv. 3, p. 623 (Tres. A type of guitar with three single or double courses of strings.)00728nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562002800130670005500158670001500213670004400228670028600272mp2013015746DLC20140224113519.2890613|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015746  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atriangle  wgapercussion idiophone  aClementi, M. Sonate B-Dur op. 47 Nr. 2 [SR] p1983.  aNew Grove.  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, c1975.  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btriangle (instrument much used in the modern orchestra, consisting of a steel rod bent into the shape of an equilateral (or isosceles) triangle, but open at one angle (it is classified as an idiophone: percussion stick; struck with a steel beater.))01010nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001900130462001900149462001900168562002400187670006700211670042800278670011000706mp2013015747DLC20140224113519.2010726|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015747  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atrombone  aslide trombone  atenor trombone  avalve trombone  wgabrass instrument  aBolter, N. Ancient twinkle appearing, c1998b(tenor trombones)  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(under Trombone: The practice of using B♭ and B♭/F trombones has almost done away with what survived in the 20th cent. of the ancient use of three different sizes of slide trombone: alto, tenor, and bass. The B♭ trombone, however, is still often called a "tenor trombone." Valve trombones, made in alto, tenor, and bass pitches, reached a peak of popularity soon after the mid-19th cent.)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btrombone (brass lip-reed aerophone with a predominantly cylindrical bore)00363nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002200113462001900135562002200154680005300176mp201301583320140224113519.3131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015833  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atrombone ensemble  atrombone choir  wgabrass ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more trombones.01225nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001700129462002000146462002000166462001800186462001800204562002400222670050100246670027200747mp2013015748DLC20140224113519.3021212|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015748  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atrumpet  abass trumpet  anatural trumpet  apiccolo trumpet  aslide trumpet  avalve trumpet  wgabrass instrument  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Dec. 12, 2002b(under Trumpet: Modern trumpeters, because of the variety of musical styles in which they are required to play and the perfection demanded of them in broadcast and recorded performances, need at least three or four instruments, including ones pitched in B♭ and in C for regular work, in D/E♭ and in high B♭/A (piccolo trumpet) for high parts and in Baroque music. The orchestral bass trumpet was designed to Wagner's specifications for the Ring.)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btrumpet (lip-vibrated aerophone. The term is used not only for the modern Western instrument and its ancestors, but also generically to denote some or all of the lip-vibrated wind instruments, depending on the system of classification)00360nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113462001800134562002200152680005200174mp201301583420140224113519.4131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015834  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atrumpet ensemble  atrumpet choir  wgabrass ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more trumpets.01011nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001800136462001900154462001700173462001800190562001800208670007300226670008500299670006400384670002900448670013400477670015800611mp2013015749DLC20140224113519.4010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015749  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atrumpet marine  afiddle, nun's  amarine trumpet  anun's fiddle  atromba marina  wgabowed lute  aAdkins, C. A trumpet by any other name, 1991:bt.p. (Trumpet marine)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(tromba marina; marine trumpet or trumpet marine)  aNew Harvard dict. of musicb(Tromba marina; Trumpet marine)  aWeb. 3b(Trumpet marine)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001b(bowed monochord with a vibrating bridge; in common use 15th to mid-18th century)  aNew Grove Online, May 6 2013:btrumpet marine (bowed monochord equipped with a vibrating bridge; in common use from the 15th century until the mid-18th.)01261nz  a2200289n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001400126462001400140462001500154462001600169462001400185462001300199462001200212462002000224462002300244462001800267562002400285670007400309670011500383670024300498670023000741mp2013015750DLC20140224113519.5051202|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015750  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atuba  abass horn  abass tuba  aBB♭ tuba  aBʹ♭ tuba  abombardon  aCʹ tuba  aCC tuba  acontrabass tuba  adouble B-flat tuba  adouble C tuba  wgabrass instrument  aVaughan Williams, R., Concerto für Tuba und Orchester f-Moll, 1977.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Dec. 2, 2005:bVaughan Williams, list of works (Bass Tuba Concerto, f, 1954)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.:bTuba (F and E♭ bass tubas: contrabass instruments filling a similar function to the double bass; contrabass tuba: double Cʹ tuba now the standard orchestra type, Bʹ♭ tuba primarily a band instrument)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btuba (valved brass instrument of wide conical bore; tubing is usually coiled into an elliptical shape and terminates in a wide bell (usually pointing upwards) and a deep, cup-shaped mouthpiece)00340nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562002200135680004900157mp2013015751DLC20140224113519.5860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015751  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atuba ensemble  wgabrass ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more tubas.00624nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001400131562002800145670030500173mp2013015752DLC20140224113519.5060105|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015752  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atubaphone  atubuphone  wgapercussion idiophone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Dec. 2, 2005b(percussion instrument like a glockenspiel but with metal tubes instead of steel bars, giving it a softer sound; range: c'' to c''''; although used mostly in military bands, Khachaturian included it in his ballet suite, Gayane; also called "tubuphone")00744nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001600117562001400133670003800147670005800185670034300243mp2013015753DLC20140224113519.6931021|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015753  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atube zither  wgazither  aWork cat.: Madagascar [SR] p1989.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Tube zither)  aGrove music online, viewed October 28, 2013:bunder Zither (tube zithers; marginally preserved among people of the Pacific Islands; constructed from tubular sections of stout bamboo; multiple strings are usually raised up from the bamboo surface itself (i.e. idiochordal) and plucked with the fingers of both hands or struck with a stick)00659nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462002300135462002200158562001200180670010000192670019700292mp2013015754DLC20140224113519.6020726|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015754  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atubular bells  achimes, orchestral  aorchestral chimes  wgabell  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.b(Tubular bells [orchestral chimes]: A set of tuned metal tubes)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:btubular bells (set of tuned metal tubes (classified as an idiophone: set of percussion tubes); used for bell effects in the orchestra and on the operatic stage)00601nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001200127670015400139670013900293675001100432mp2013015755DLC20140224113519.7980825|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015755  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atumba  wgadrum  aWork cat.: 98-187746: Ortiz, F. Las tumbas, c1995:bp. 5 (Tumba, an African drum used in eastern Cuba, also an Afro-Cuban dance known in that region)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Tumba (i), small drum of Cuba; cowhide head is secured by nails; sometimes used in the rumba)  aWeb. 300551nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462000900127462001000136462000900146462001000155462001100165562001200176670016900188mp2013015756DLC20140224113519.7060810|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015756  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atupan  adaul  agoč  atoba  atopan  atʾpan  wgadrum  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.b(Alternative name for the tapan. Double-headed drum of Yugoslavia (Macedonia, Kosovo and Serbia) and Bulgaria ... toba, daul ... goč)01170nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162003200117562002000149670008900169670008200258670035300340670016400693670013100857mp2013015757DLC20140224113519.7051214|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015757  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atúru (side-blown trumpet)  wganatural horn  aStone, R.M. Liberia, Bong County and Monrovia, Kpelle, 1988:bdocumentation (túru)  aGarland encyc. of world music:bv. 1, p. 806 (túru; Kpelle side-blown horn)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bv. 3, p. 683 (turu (i) side-blown trumpet of the Kpelle people of Liberia, made from wood, ivory or horn; turu (ii) wooden trumpet of Karelia, similar to the pullotorvi, it is wrapped in birch bark and has no fingerholes; turú, an aboriginal trumpet of Paraguay, made from either tacuara (cane) or bamboo)  aGrovemusic WWW site, Aug. 29, 2005:bLiberia, musical instruments (side-blown horns (Kpelle túru) made of wood, ivory or horn are the most common aerophones)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:b(Side-blown horns (Kpelle túru) made of wood, ivory or horn are the most common aerophones.)00508nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001800134562001600152670005100168670007600219675004300295mp2013015758DLC20140224113519.8890927|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015758  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atussefløyte  atusse fløyte  wgarecorder  aWork cat.: Yesterday our way [SR] 1985, p1982.  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments, c1975b(Tusse fløyte; Nor.: recorder)  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments00846nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002800132670008800160670026200248670017800510mp2013015759DLC20140224113519.8051027|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015759  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  atxalaparta  wgapercussion idiophone  aWork cat.: 2005560203: Beltrán, J.M. Txalaparta eta beste aldaera zaharrak, 2004.  aGrove music online WWW site, Aug. 30, 2005b(under Basque music: txalaparta; percussion instrument consisting of three wooden boards approximately 1.5 metres long, arranged horizontally and struck by two instrumentalists using wooden sticks held vertically)  aGarland encyc. world mus.:bv. 8, p. 1062 (txalaparta: Basque idiophone, consisting of one or more wooden planks beaten by two players to create different rhythmic patterns)01312nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462001600135462001600151462001700167562001500184670005900199670002300258670003200281670052100313670008200834670016600916mp2013015760DLC20140224113519.9060502|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015760  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  auilleann pipe  aIrish organ  auilean pipe  auileann pipe  wgabagpipe  aCrowley, T. How to play the Irish uillean pipes, 1974.  aOEDb(Union pipes)  aBritannica 14b(Union pipe)  aNa Píobairí Uilleann (The Uilleann Pipers) WWW homepage, Dec. 6, 1999b(The Society of Uilleann Pipers known as Na Píobairí Uilleann (The Uilleann Pipers) was founded in 1968 at grassroots level by pipers themselves. The aims of the society are to perpetuate the spirit of the music, in particular the playing of the pipes and the production and maintenance of the instrument itself. One of the treasures of Irish Culture is its traditional music and one of the treasures of this music is the Uilleann Pipes)  aBritannica Online:b"Ireland", Dec. 6, 1999 (uilleann pipes (Irish bagpipes))  aGrovemusic WWW site, May 2, 2006:bUilleann pipes (Bagpipe: the Irish uilleann pipe is a bellows pipe, played sitting and with the drones lying across the knees)00949nz  a2200241n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002200129462001400151462000800165462001200173462001300185562002000198670005500218670003900273670017200312670016600484670005700650mp2013015761DLC20140224113519.9060317|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015761  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aukulele  ataro patch fiddle  ataropatch  auke  aukelele  ayukelele  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online:bukulele (ukelele)  aYou can teach yourself uke, c1993.  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.:btaro-patch fiddle (term applied to a large ukulele; under Ukulele: strung with four double-courses of wire strings, tuned g'-c'-e-'a')  aLCCN unk84084475: Konter, D. Dick's ukelele method, showing how to apply chords on the ukulele, ukalua, ukulele-banjo, taropatch, tenor banjo (uke tuning), 1923.  aMarcuse, S. Musical instruments:btaro patch fiddle.00843nz  a2200229n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001100128462002700139462001100166462001600177462000900193562003300202562001900235670002700254670015700281670017500438mp2013015762DLC20140224113520.0931021|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015762  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avaliha  abaliha  amarovany (tube zither)  avaleha  avaliha-volo  avolo  wgaplucked string instrument  wgatube zither  aMadagascar [SR] p1989.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instruments:bValiha (A type of tube zither; volo; valiha-volo; baliha) Marovany (A type of box zither; also used for valiha)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Madagascar (Traces of an Asiatic inheritance are still present in some instruments (for instance the use of the valiha tube zither))00828nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002000131462002100151462002600172462001700198562001700215670041400232mp2013015763DLC20140224113520.1040315|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015763  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avamp-horn  asinging trumpet  atrumpet, singing  atuba stentoro-phonica  avamping-horn  wgamegaphone  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Mar. 12, 2004b(type of speaking-trumpet or megaphone invented in 1670 by Samuel Morland and used in English churches until the early 19th century to concentrate and project an individual voice; used musically to give out the first line of a psalm or hymn, to lead congregational singing or to supply vocally a missing line of harmony; originally designed for non-musical uses)01679nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462002100132462002000153462001400173562002600187670014100213670021200354670027800566670062900844mp2013015764DLC20140224113520.1090203|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015764  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  averrophone  aglasses, musical  amusical glasses  averrophon  wgafriction idiophone  aWiener Glasharmonika Duo. Glas & Steine, c2007:bbooklet (The verrophone (verre, French = glass) was invented by Sascha Reckert in 1983)  aWeb site for GlasMusik.com, Feb. 3, 2009b(The Verrophone (French: verre = glass), consisting of vertically arranged glass tubes, is played with moist fingers on the upper edge as with the "musical glasses")  aWeb site for Glasharfe.de, Feb. 3, 2009b(One of the youngest members of the glass instrument family is the verrophone, invented by a contemporary German glass musician. Instead of bowls, he used tubes of high-quality industrial glass affixed vertically to a wooden frame.)  aWikipedia, Feb. 24, 2009:b(A verrophone is a musical instrument, invented in 1983, by Reckert, in which open-ended glass tubes are arranged in various sizes (usually in a chromatic scale, arranged from large to small, like the pipes of a pipe organ). The sound is made by rubbing one end of one or more of the glass tubes, or also by striking them or rubbing them with a special mallet. The tubes are close together so that chords can be played by rubbing more than one at the same time. The instrument carries more acoustical volume than the glass armonica and other glass instruments and generally has a range from G3-C6)00530nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001500127670006800142670017400210mp2013015765DLC20140224113520.2940726|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015765  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aveuze  wgabagpipe  aSonneurs de veuze en Bretagne et marais breton vendéen, 1987.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Veuze: bagpipe from Vendée and around Nantes, France; distinct from the biniou, still in use around 1940, lately been revived)00537nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132562002500146670022000171mp2013015766DLC20140224113520.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015766  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avibraphone  avibraharp  wgamallet instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bvibraphone (metallophone of the bar percussion family; developed in the USA, where it is sometimes called ‘vibraharp’ (it is classified as an idiophone: set of percussion plaques)01271nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001800134562001200152670012800164670082100292mp2013015768DLC20140224113520.3090806|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015768  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avicitra vina  avichitra vina  wgavina  aGuraprīta Kaura. Bhāratīya saṅgīta ke anamola maṇi Ḍô. Lālamaṇi Miśra, 2004:bp. vii (Vichitra veena)  aNew Grove online, July 20, 2009b(Vīṇā, 6. Fretless vīṇā. The vicitrā vīṇā and goṭṭuvādyam are unfretted lutes of Hindustani and Karnatak music respectively. The northern vicitrā ("colourful") vīṇā is structurally a hybrid of the bīṇ-sitār type: it has a wide neck (about 10 cm) which is flat on top and rounded in section beneath (about 3 cm deep), and pegs for the sympathetic strings set in the proximal side. The neck terminates on the right in an integrated, wood-covered resonator, which in some cases is smaller and pear-shaped, in others larger and similar to that of the sitar. The instrument rests on two large bottle-gourds which are screwed into the back of the neck. The main strings are tuned in descending 4ths and 5ths; the slider (baṭṭā) is a glass egg)00850nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001800129462002000147562002000167670016500187670032800352mp2013015769DLC20140224113520.3050919|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015769  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avihuela  avihuela comun  avihuela de mano  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. musical instrumentsb(By the 16th century, the unqualified term vihuela usually referred to the vihuela de mano, als known as the vihuela comun)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bvihuela (plucked chordophone of the viol family on which the strings, made of gut, were generally arranged in six or seven courses, each probably paired in unison. Closely related to the lute, it flourished mainly in Spain and in areas under Spanish influence in the 15th and 16th centuries)01711nz  a2200313n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001200126462001500138462001600153462002100169462001000190462001000200462001400210462001300224562003300237562001400270670012300284670007700407670002400484670005600508670008800564670003500652670071000687mp2013015770DLC20140224113520.4020906|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015770  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avina  abīṇ  abīṇā  arudra veena  arudra vīṇā  aveena  aveene  avīṇai  avīṇe  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(Vīṇā; term for chordophones in India and other countries of South Asia)  aNew Grove online:bIndia, Subcontinent of, III,6,(1) (Table 15: plucked)  aMarcuseb(Vīnā)  aRandom Houseb(Vina; a musical stringed instrument)  a92902028: Veene Sebhanna Bhavana special number 1991, 1991:bt.p. (Veene; Vīṇe)  aDivekar, H. Rudra veena, 2001.  aNew Grove, 2nd ed. WWW site, Sept. 6, 2002b(Vīṇā: principal indigenous term for chordophones in India and other countries of South Asia. The name (and its derivatives: Tamil vīṇai; New Indo-Aryan bīṇā, bīṇ, etc.) has been used for almost three millennia to denote the main type of the age: the musical bow; the early harps; the short lute; the medieval stick or tube zithers; bowed chordophones; and various descendants of the above in the contexts of both traditional music and Hindustani and Karnatak traditions, including the modern South Indian vīṇā, a lute. The bīṇ is sometimes known as the rudra vīṇā (the vīṇā of the ascetic god, Śiva, the great yogi))00614nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001800127670033500145mp2013015772DLC20140224113520.5090427|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015772  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola  wgabowed lute  aZeyringer, F. Die Viola da braccio, c1988:bp. 258 (Viola da braccio: In 16th c. general name for an arm-held string instrument; in 17th c., family name; in 18th c. a designation for the middle-voice instrument of the viola da braccio family; today, meaning has reverted to the generic difinition of an arm-held string instrument)01151nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117462002200138562003100160670033500191670026300526670019200789mp2013015775DLC20140224113520.5090427|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015775  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola da braccio  abraccio, viola da  wgabowed string instrument  aZeyringer, F. Die Viola da braccio, c1988:bp. 258 (Viola da braccio: In 16th c. general name for an arm-held string instrument; in 17th c., family name; in 18th c. a designation for the middle-voice instrument of the viola da braccio family; today, meaning has reverted to the generic difinition of an arm-held string instrument)  aMarcuseb(Viola da braccio: It.: arm viola; 16th-17th c. designation of instrs. of the violin family, as opposed to viola da gamba family; during 17th c. the term became reserved for the alto instr., our viola, still called Bratsche (from braccio) in German)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Apr. 27, 2009b(Later in the [17th] century ... it was becoming more common to restrict "viola da braccio" (or sometimes just "braccio") to viola parts.)01015nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001400136462002000150462001500170562001200185670004900197670006100246670051400307mp2013015776DLC20140224113520.6010126|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015776  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola da gamba  abass viol  agamba, viola da  aviol, bass  wgaviol  aWeb. 3b(viola da gamba; pl. viole da gamba)  aLC database, Apr. 8, 1996b(Sonatas (Viole da gamba (2))  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bviola da gamba (Italian term for the Viol (literally, ‘leg viol’). During the 16th century bowed string instruments were sometimes classified according to the way in which they were held during performance, the viol being designated ‘leg viol’ and the violin ‘arm viol’ (Viola da braccio). From the mid-17th century the bass instrument of the viol family was most regularly used, and ‘viola da gamba’ gradually assumed its modern specific meaning of bass viol.)00988nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001200135670004700147670007200194670056400266mp2013015773DLC20140224113520.6010126|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015773  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola d'amore  wgaviol  aWeb. 3b(viola d'amore; pl. viole d'amore)  aLC database, Apr. 8, 1996b(Suites (Harpsichord, viole d'amore (2))  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:b(ind of viola popular during the late 17th and 18th centuries. Normally about the size of a viola but with the physical characteristics of a viol: flat back, wide ribs flush with the top and back, sloping shoulders and a carved head at the top of the pegbox; held under the chin and played like a violin; unfretted; usually 14 strings: seven playing strings, which cross the top of the bridge, and seven sympathetic (resonating) strings, which run through the bridge and under the fingerboard into separate pegs in the pegbox.)00821nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117462002000135462002100155462001900176462001900195462001900214562002000233670009400253670016700347670008900514mp2013015774DLC20140224113520.7920916|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015774  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola d'arame  aarame, viola da  aPortuguese viola  aviola braguesa  aviola chuleira  aviola de arame  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: W.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Portuguese viola)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Viola d'arame, Portuguese guitar with 6 pairs of metal strings, usually 10 frets, also called viola braguesa, viola chuleira)  aNew Grove mus. intr.b(Viola de arame, metal string guitar used in Portuguese music)00839nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001900136462002000155562002000175670013300195670007500328670025400403mp2013015777DLC20140224113520.7960312|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015777  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola-de-cocho  aBrazilian lute  alute, Brazilian  wgaplucked lute  aWork cat.: 95832073: Santos, A. Viola-de-cocho, novas perspectivas, 1993b(plucked Brazilian folk guitar; not the same as viola)  aInstrumentos musicais brasileiros, 1988:bpp. 118-119 (viola-de-cocho)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Brazil (known as the ‘Brazilian lute’, with five single strings, a short neck and no soundhole); Wikipedia: plucked string instrument from Brazil; typical in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul)00420nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462001600136562002900152670003100181680005000212mp2013015778DLC20140224113520.8941229|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015778  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola ensemble  aviola choir  wgabowed string ensemble  aCanons for strings, c1992.  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more violas.00521nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562001300135670023900148mp2013015779DLC20140224113520.8050808|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015779  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviola pomposa  wgaviola  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Aug. 8, 2005:b(five-string viola, tuned either c-g-d'-a'-e", i.e. like a regular viola with an additional e" string, or possibly d-g-d'-g'-c"; in use from about 1725 to about 1770; played on the arm)00931nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562002900138670047900167670013900646mp2013015780DLC20140224113520.8860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015780  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviolano-virtuoso  wgamechanical instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, June 27, 2011:bunder Violin-player, Automatic (coin-operated electrically operated violin with a perforated paper roll in a cabinet with a symmetrically-strung 44-note piano; the violin is placed horizontally; for each of the four strings there is a separate small celluloid disc "bow" and pitch is controlled by four rows of electro-magnetic "fingers." The electro-magnetic action also included variable-speed bowing and variable vibrato)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bunder Instruments (developed for the Mills Novelty Co. of Chicago by Harry K. Sandell from about 1904)00555nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002100117562001800138670005300156675007100209680011700280mp2013015781DLC20140224113520.9010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015781  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avioletta d'amore  wgabowed lute  aWork cat.: Pill, F. Violetta d'amore [SR] p1985.  aNew Grove dict. mus. instruments;aNew Harvard dict. mus.;aWeb. 3  iA bowed string instrument with five playing and six resonating strings developed in Germany in the 20th century.00410nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562001800128670013000146mp2013015782DLC20140224113520.9010305|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015782  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviolin  wgabowed lute  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bviolin (Soprano member of the family of string instruments that includes the viola and cello)00364nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002000113462001700133562002900150680005100179mp201301583520140224113521.0131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015835  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviolin ensemble  aviolin choir  wgabowed string ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more violins.00702nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117562001800127670034300145675006800488mp2013015783DLC20140224113521.0010306|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015783  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviolo  wgabowed lute  a61026826: Arias Luna, E. El viola y su importancia en la estructura del moderno cuarteto de cuerdas, c1954:bp. 7, photo (small-sized cello) p. 17 (el violo, como instrumento perteneciente a la familia del violín, la violo y el violoncello, tiene una forma en todo semejante a la del ellos y difiere, exclusivamente, en sus dimensiones)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. instr.;aNew Grove dict. of mus. online00596nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117562001300141670012300154670017300277mp2013015784DLC20140224113521.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015784  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avioloncello piccolo  wgacello  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.:b(A small cello, with either four or five strings, tuned C G d a, G d a e', or C G d a e'.)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online (Jan. 18, 2013):b(under Violoncello/18th and 19th centuries: The correct definition of the violoncello piccolo has been widely debated.)00430nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462002100129562001200150670012200162mp2013015785DLC20140224113521.2010126|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015785  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviolone  adouble bass viol  wgaviol  aGrove music online, viewed October 30, 2013:b(violone; the double bass viol, the direct ancestor of the double bass)00778nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001800130670034900148670013500497mp2013015786DLC20140224113521.3050609|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015786  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviolotta  wgabowed lute  aDraeseke, F. Quintet in A major for two violins, viola, violotta, and cello, WoO 25 [SR] p2001:binsert (The violotta is an instrument which was developed and produced by the Wiesbaden cellist and composer Dr. Alfred Stelzner (1852-1906) in 1891. It should not be confused with the Baroque violetta but can be considered a type of tenor-viola.)  aGrove music online, Apr. 1, 2005b(under Krug, Arnold: violotta, an instrument whose register lay between the viola and the cello)00834nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462002800126462003700154562001800191670017100209670015200380680012000532mp2013015771DLC20140224113521.3010920|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015771  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  aviol  agamba (family of viols)  aviola da gamba (family of viols)  wgabowed lute  aNew Harvard dict. of mus.b(viol: any of a family of fretted, bowed stringed instruments in use from the 16th through much of the 18th century; viola da gamba, gamba)  aNew Grove onlineb(viol: viola da gamba, gamba; a bowed string instrument with frets; during its history the viol was made in many different sizes)  iAn unspecified instrument from the family of fretted, bowed string instruments in use from the 16th-18th centuries.00710nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113562002700126562003300153562001400186670036400200mp201301578720140224113521.4130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015787  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avirginal  wgakeyboard instrument  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aGrove music online, viewed October 30, 2013b(virginal; a smaller type of harpsichord, usually with only one set of strings and jacks and invariably with only one keyboard; present usage generally applies it to instruments whose strings run at right angles to the keys, rather than parallel with them as in a harpsichord or at an oblique angle as in a spinet)00284nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001200113680004900125mp201301578820140224113521.4130929|| annnnbabn          |n ana        amp2013015788  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avisuals  iA visual component of a musical performance.00465nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117562001600136680013100152681003600283mp2013015789DLC20140224113521.5070514|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015789  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avocal ensemble  wgaensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more unspecified voices. For an ensemble consisting of solo voices, useasolo vocal ensemble.  iNote underasolo vocal ensemble01075nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113462001600134462001500150562001300165562002300178670036300201670018900564680014000753mp201301583620140224113521.6131125|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015836  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avocal percussion  abouladjèl  amouth drum  wgavoice  wgabody percussion  aNew Grove Online March 20, 2013:bunder Freestyle rap (emulating a hip-hop beat with [a person's] mouth) under Collegiate a cappella (“Vocal percussion,” also known as “beatboxing,” often provides a vocal approximation of a drum kit) under Martinique and Guadaloupe (bouladjèl (mouth drum), a call-and-response, competitive percussive vocalization)  aWikipedia, October 23, 2013b(vocal percussion is the art of creating sounds with one's mouth that approximate, imitate, or otherwise serve the same purpose as a percussion instrument)  iA vocalist who creates sounds with the mouth that approximate, imitate, or otherwise serve the same purpose as a percussion instrument.00661nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001300113562001800126670039500144mp201301579020140224113521.6130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015790  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avocalion  wgareed organ  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bvocalion (type of Reed organ; developed by John Baillie-Hamilton; originally in an attempt to combine the sounds of free reeds and strings;Ranging in size from foot-operated single-manual models to ones with two (or occasionally three) manuals and pedal, the vocalion is basically a reed organ on the pressure principle, but with unusually wide reed tongue.)00578nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001000113562001700123670015500140680011400295681002300409mp201301579120140224113521.7130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015791  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  avoice  wgaperformer  aOxford dictionary of music, viewed October 30, 2013b((1) Means of producing sounds in humans and animals using 2 vibrating agents called vocal cords)  iAn unspecified vocalized part. For a performer who uses his or her voice to produce musical tone seeasinger.  iNote underasinger00928nz  a2200121n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162001400113562003500127670064400162mp201301579220140224113521.7130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015792  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awashboard  wgaindirectly struck idiophone  aOxford companion to music, viewed October 30, 2013b(washboard; A scraped idiophone with a ridged surface, originally made from a domestic washboard, but now also specially made in the form of a steel ‘apron’, hung from the player's shoulders; may be scraped with thimbles worn on fingers, or with steel implements (e.g. household spoons) held in each hand. Washboard bands were known in the USA in the late 19th century, and the washboard was sometimes used in jazz bands and as a novelty act in vaudeville and the music halls; it reappeared in the 1950s skiffle groups, and is associated with the Cajun and zydeco music of Louisiana)01446nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001900117462002000136562002900156670022500185670049900410670036700909mp2013015793DLC20140224113521.7001120|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015793  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awashboard band  aband, washboard  wgainstrumental ensemble  aThe Washboard Rhythm Kings collection [SR], p1993-p1997:binserts (The bands of the 1930's typically consist of 5-10 musicians including brasses, woodwinds, plucked strings, washboard(s), other percussion, and vocalists)  aNew Grove dict. of jazzb(Washboard band: an instrumental group that employs the common washboard as a rhythm instrument. Early washboard bands included string instruments augmented by such instruments as kazoo, washtub bass, and harmonica. Washboards were frequently used to accompany blues singers. In jazz bands (1920's-30's), drums, brass, and reed instruments were included. The novelty appeal of the instrument declined. In the postwar years, zydeco bands frequently included washboards.)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:b(American instrumental group that uses a scraped idiophone in the form of a domestic washboard or ‘rub-board’ as a rhythm instrument; early washboard bands also included string instruments and were frequently augmented by other improvised instruments such as a washtub bass ...,comb-and-paper or kazoo as well as a harmonica.)00771nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001500129562002200144670012200166670005600288670025700344mp2013015794DLC20140224113521.8050804|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015794  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awashint  awāšint  wgaductless flute  aYohannes Afework. Washint melodies, 2001:blabel (Washint) booklet ( Wāšint; four holed reed pipe made of bamboo)  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst., 1984b(Washint (flute))  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bwashint (End-blown flute of Ethiopia; made of a kind of bamboo (schembeko) in various lengths and pitches and typically has four to six equidistant fingerholes, sometimes with any unused ones covered with adhesive paper)00603nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001400134562003300148670014900181670011500330mp2013015795DLC20140224113521.8081222|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015795  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awashtub bass  agutbucket  wgaplucked string instrument  aWashtub Jerry, It takes pluck, 2006:bp. 2 (The three major components of a washtub bass are a tub, a pole, and a string. The string is plucked)  aWikipedia, Jan. 13, 2009:b(Washtub bass: a.k.a. gutbucket; a stringed instrument used in American folk music)01142nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562002600132670018800158670033900346670029900685mp2013015797DLC20140224113521.9050421|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015797  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awaterphone  wgafriction idiophone  aGubaĭdulina, S.A. Am Rande des Abgrunds, c2003:bt.p. (Am Rande des Abgrunds : für 7 Violoncelli und 2 Aquaphone = On the edge of the abyss : for 7 violoncellos and 2 waterphones)  aRichard A. Waters.com WWW site, Mar. 11, 2005:bInstruments (the waterphone; invented in the late 60s by Waters; a stainless steel and bronze acoustic, tonal-friction instrument with tonal rods tuned to a combination of micro-tonal and diatonic relationships and with a resonator that uses water to bend tones and create water echos.)  aNew Grove Online, May 6, 2013:bwaterphone (instrument invented in 1967 and patented in 1975...by Richard A. Waters and manufactured individually to order by him, formerly under the company name Multi-Media in Sebastopol, California; combines the principles of the nail violin and a water-drum)00793nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117562001800129670003200147670002200179670001800201670001200219670038000231mp2013015798DLC20140224113521.9950623|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015798  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awhistle  wgaduct flute  aCollecting whistles, c1995.  aBritannica Micro.  aRandom House.  aWeb. 3.  aGrove music online, viewed October 30, 2013b(whistle; a short, usually high-pitched flute (‘edge aerophone’), either without finger-holes or with no more than one; it is normally considered that flutes are used for music and whistles for signalling, leaving a grey area for those instruments which are used, either by the same or by different peoples, for both purposes)00804nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117562001700131562002300148670025200171670022300423mp2013015799DLC20140224113521.9860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015799  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awhistling  wgaaerophone  wgabody percussion  aNew Grove Online, May 9, 2013:bunder Sound effects (The human body has been used to make many percussive sounds, from the tongued glottal click of the Xhosa language...to whistling, hand-clapping, finger-snapping, foot-stamping and knee-slapping)  aOxford dictionary of music, viewed October 30, 2013b(whistle; (1) As verb. Sound produced by emitting breath through small aperture in pursed lips, pitch being controlled by shaping of the mouth as resonating chamber)01240nz  a2200253n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117462002300137462003200160462003100192462003800223462002400261462003700285562001700322562002300339670016600362670004300528670012100571670029400692mp2013015801DLC20140224113522.0040629|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015801  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awind controller  aelectronic trumpet  aelectronic valve instrument  aelectronic wind instrument  aeVI (electronic valve instrument)  aeVI wind controller  aeWI (electronic wind instrument)  wgaaerophone  wgaMIDI controller  aDavis, D. Computer applications in music: Suppl. 1 (MIDI wind controller):bp. 244 (no. 7150: EVI wind controller) p. 296 (no. 7816: Electronic Valve Instrument)  aMoore, L. Awaken, 1994:bcaption (EVI)  aGingras, M. Old World meets New World, 1997b(Electronic Wind Instrument; EWI; manufactured by the Akai Corporation)  aNew Grove dict. mus. insts.b(Electronic Valve Instrument (EVI); an electronic wind instrument that controls a synthesizer; has also been called an electronic trumpet; manufactured 1975-1980 by Steiner-Parker in Salt Lake City, and thereafter by Music Technology in Garden City Park, N.Y.)00469nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562002900135680017100164mp2013015802DLC20140224113522.0860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015802  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awind ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more mixed wind instruments. For a brass or woodwind ensemble, seeabrass ensembleiorawoodwind ensemble.iFor wind band, seeaband.00676nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117562001700137670032700154680004900481mp2013015803DLC20140224113522.1860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015803  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awind instrument  wgaaerophone  aGrove music online, viewed November 4, 2013b(under Acoustics: Every wind instrument consists of a long and carefully shaped duct coupled to an airflow control system that converts the steady wind supply from the player’s lungs, or from the wind chest of a pipe organ, into oscillations of the instrument’s air column)  iAn unspecified woodwind or brass instrument.01001nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001700117462001500134562002600149670005000175670012100225670008900346670003200435670034000467mp2013015804DLC20140224113522.1930323|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015804  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awind machine  aaeoliphone  wgafriction idiophone  aHuber, N.A. Töne suchen einen Autor, c1989.  aWeb. 3b(Wind machine: a machine for creating an artificial wind; a device used for imitating the sound of the wind)  aNew Grove dict. of musical insts.b(Wind machine (aeoliphone); a friction idiophone)  aNew Harvard dict. of music.  aNew Grove Online, May 9, 2013:bwind machine (friction idiophone; used on the stage and elsewhere to produce the sound of the wind. It consists of either a barrel framework covered with silk or coarse canvas which rubs against the slats as the barrel is rotated, or an electric fan in which the blades are replaced by lengths of cane.)00681nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117462001400132462001400146562001700160562001700177670031700194mp2013015800DLC20140224113522.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015800  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awind chime  awind-bell  awindchime  wgaaerophone  wgaidiophone  aNew Grove Online, May 9, 2013:bwind chime (set of concussion plaques suspended so that they can be activated by the wind (the instrument is classified as an idiophone). The plaques may be made of metal, glass, bamboo, stone, porcelain or shell. In the orchestra, the player activates the chimes by hand stroke.)00258nz  a2200109n  4500001001300000005001700013008004100030010001700071040002500088162002100113562001400134mp201301580520140224113522.2130929|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015805  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awomen’s chorus  wgachorus00415nz  a2200145n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002200117562002100139680007400160681003500234mp2013015806DLC20140224113522.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015806  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awoodwind ensemble  wgawind ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more different woodwind instruments.  iReference underawind ensemble00537nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002400117462002500141562002300166670015000189680004000339mp2013015807DLC20140224113522.3020103|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015807  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  awoodwind instrument  awood-wind instrument  wgawind instrument  aNew Harvard dict. musicb(Reed: woodwinds generally use reeds made from cane; cane reeds are constructed as either double reeds or single reeds.)  iAn unspecified woodwind instrument.00374nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562002200126670009200148mp2013015808DLC20140224113522.4001002|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015808  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  axiao  wgaductless flute  aNew Grove dict. mus. instr.:b(Xiao (hsiao) end-blown notched flute of the Han Chinese)01081nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000800117562002200125670015800147670011000305670004700415670044900462mp2013015809DLC20140224113522.4091119|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015809  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  axun  wgaductless flute  aSachs, C. The history of musical instruments, 1940:bp. 166 (hsüan, globular flute in Shang dynasty; probably used as a voice mask in a religious rite)  aMathews' Chinese-English dict.b(hsüan, ancient wind instrument, shaped like an egg, made of porcelain)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsb(hsüan)  aGrove Music Online, WWW site, November 19, 2009b(Globular flute employed in Han Chinese Confucian rituals. The xun (pronounced 'hsün') is an egg-shaped flute of baked clay, with a blow-hole at its apex and usually between three and eight finger-holes distributed in various patterns. Sizes vary between about 8 and 13 cm in height. Because of its globular wind chamber, the xun has a range of only about one octave, without usable overtones)00709nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001500131462001800146462001400164462001700178562002500195670030700220mp2013015810DLC20140224113522.5030226|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015810  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  axylophone  abell, song  afiddle, straw  asong bell  astraw fiddle  wgamallet instrument  aNew Grove Online, May 11, 2013:bxylophone (Percussion instrument consisting of two or more bars of graduated length. In addition to Western art music, xylophones are found in Africa, Central and South America, South-east Asia (mainland and insular), Melanesia, and the Marquesas Islands in Polynesia.)01433nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002200131462001700153562002500170670004200195670102600237mp2013015811DLC20140224113522.6030423|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015811  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  axylorimba  amarimba-xylophone  axylo-marimba  wgamallet instrument  aReudenbach, M. Zählergesang, c1998.  aGrovemusic.com WWW site, March 28, 2003b(Xylorimba (xylo-marimba, marimba-xylophone): Name given to an instrument of the xylophone family with a compass sufficiently large to embrace the low-sounding bars of the marimba and the highest-sounding bars of the xylophone. As the marimba-xylophone it was a popular instrument in the 1920s and 30s, particularly in vaudeville. The lower notes of the xylorimba sound more like a xylophone than a marimba on account of the bars being thicker and narrower than those of a modern marimba. The terms have been a source of confusion. Many composers have called for "xylorimba," but invariably the parts were written for a four-octave xylophone. Stravinsky's The flood includes a part for "marimba-xylophone," but a marimba was intended. The parts in Roberto Gerhard's Hymnody were originally labelled "xylorimba," but this was later changed to "marimba." Boulez wrote for two true xylorimbas in Pli selon pli; the parts have sometimes been played on two xylophones and two marimbas)00498nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130562001600142670009700158670008500255mp2013015813DLC20140224113522.6010724|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015813  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ayang qin  ayangqin  wgadulcimer  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Yangqin (yang-chʻin): struck box zither of the Han Chinese)  aNew Grove Online, May 11, 2013:byang qin (Hammered dulcimer of the Han Chinese)00654nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462002300131562001600154670003300170670016600203670011500369mp2013015814DLC20140224113522.7930917|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015814  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ayanggŭm  akurachʾŏlsa kum  wgadulcimer  aChŏngak yanggŭmbo, 1988.  aNew Grove dict. mus. inst.b(Yanggŭm; trapeziform wire-string zither of Korea, also known as kurachʾŏlsa kum; wires are struck with a single slip of bamboo)  aNew Grove Online, May 11, 2013:bunder Korea (imported trapezoidal dulcimer); under Dulcimer (Korea yanggŭm)00680nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001000127462001600137562001200153670007800165670018000243670007500423mp2013015815DLC20140224113522.8920928|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015815  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ayaogu  ahuagu  atemple drum  wgadrum  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Temple drum)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Yaogu: small barrel drum of the Han Chinese, popularly known as huagu ['flower drum'], referring to the use of flower motifs in its decoration)  aNew Grove Online, May 11, 2013:blabel on image (yaogu hourglass drum)01947nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462002100127462001100148462001000159462001400169462001100183562003300194562001400227670007600241670012700317670052000444670032700964670033601291670005401627mp2013015816DLC20140224113522.9091204|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015816  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ayatga  aMongolian zither  ayataga  ayatug  ayatuġ-a  ayatuga  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aI͡Atga khȯgzhmiĭn surakh bichig, 2008b(13 & 21-stringed versions)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Mar. 10, 2011:bYatga [yataga, yatuga] (Mongolian half-tube zither with movable bridges)  aWikipedia, searched Dec. 4, 2009b(Yatga; traditional Mongolian plucked zither, related to the Chinese gucheng; may vary widely in size, tuning, and number of bridges and strings; similar instruments: Korean gayageum [kayakŭm], Vietnamese dan tranh, Japanese koto; most common type is the 21-stringed version; there also exists a 13-stringed version called a Gariin yatga; historically the use of the 12 or more stringed version was reserved to the court and monasteries; commoners had to use a 10-stringed yatga)  aDolmetch online, Mar. 10, 2011:bYataga (Mongolian zither, on which the strings are plucked, constructed as a box with a convex surface and an end bent towards the ground. It is more complex than most of its counterparts. In the past it was a court instrument and the strings symbolized the levels of the palace hierarchy)  aMongolian culture web site, Mar. 20, 2011:bYatug (Yatug is also called Mongolian zither. It is recorded in the 71st volume of the History of Yuan Dynasty, "it is a thirteen-stringed horizontal instrument with the two ends drooping slightly." The player plays yatug with his two fingers, which are covered with horn-shaped things.)  alccn 2009670913:bQobus, yatuġ-a, lingbu, 2009.00931nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002300117462001300140462001200153462001200165562001600177670006900193670029900262670003200561670013200593mp2013015817DLC20140224113523.0970821|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015817  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ayoochin (dulcimer)  aëochin  ayanchin  ayanchir  wgadulcimer  aWork cat.: 95-918429: Dashdavaa, G. Ëochingiĭn surakh, 1983.  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(yoochin: Mongolian board zither; name may have originated through confusion with the round-bodied lute yueqin, also played in Mongolia and called yoochin or biivlig; the struck zither was more often known as yanchin or yanchir, from the Chinese yangqin)  aLC database, Aug. 21, 1997.  aNew Grove Online, May 11, 2013:bunder Dulcimer (The term used in Mongolia is yoochin); under Mongolia (the dulcimer (yoochin))00675nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001200117462001600129462001400145462001100159562002000170670009700190670009000287670010400377mp2013015818DLC20140224113523.0010510|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015818  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ayue qin  amoon guitar  amoon lute  ayueqin  wgaplucked lute  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(Yueqin: yüeh-chʾin; short-necked lute of the Han Chinese)  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Moon lute, Chinese lute)  aMarcuse. Musical inst.b(Yűeh chʾin, short-necked lute of China, popularly called "moon guitar")00672nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117562001200126670022800138670013700366675001100503mp2013015819DLC20140224113523.1980825|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015819  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  ayuka  wgadrum  aWork cat.: 98-188112: Ortiz, F. La yuka, c1995:bp. 5-6 (cylindrical drum constructed of a whole section of a tree trunk; usually played in groups of three varying sizes called caja (largest), mula, and cachimbo (smallest))  aNew Grove dict. of musical instrumentsb(yuka, Afro-Cuban drum family of the Congo people; also the dance associated with this drum)  aWeb. 300901nz  a2200205n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162000900117462001400126462001100140462001100151462001300162562001900175670007800194670005900272670036400331mp2013015820DLC20140224113523.2860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015820  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azarb  adombäck  adombak  atombak  atûnbak  wgagoblet drum  aNew Grove dict. musical instrumentsb(Zarb (tombak; dombak; goblet drum))  aL'art du santûr persan, p1996:bcontainer (Tûnbak)  aNew Grove Online, May 11, 2013:bunder Iran (The tombak, also called dombak, is a vase-shaped wooden drum, held horizontally on the lap and played with the fingers of both hands. As it is used for establishing rhythm, the tombak is also popularly called the zarb (‘beat’).) under Drum/Goblet drum (The Iranian tombak or zarb is a virtuoso solo instrument)00777nz  a2200217n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001000117462001900127462001300146462001200159562003300171562001400204670011100218670004100329670005900370670013000429mp2013015821DLC20140224113523.2061031|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015821  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azheng  aChinese zither  agu zheng  aguzheng  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aN G dict. musical instr.b(zheng (cheng) half-tube plucked zither with movable bridges of the Han Chinese)  aBaker's dict. musicb(zheng (cheng))  aLiu, Fang. Le son du soie, p2006:bcontainer (guzheng)  aNew Grove Online, May 11, 2013:bzheng (plucked half-tube zither with movable bridges, one of the principal Chinese zithers.)00777nz  a2200193n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117462001200130562001300142670003600155670011800191670005400309670007600363670014400439mp2013015822DLC20140224113523.3010726|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015822  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azhong hu  azhonghu  wgaer hu  aLiu, C. Su Wu, 1981b(Chung hu)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.:bunder Erhu (Zhonghu (middle hu); an erhu of larger dimensions with an alto range)  aChung-kuo yin yüeh tzʻu tien, 1984b(Chung hu)  aZhongguo yin yue ci dian, 1984:bp. 508 ("Middle fiddle"; type of erhu)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online, Sept. 14, 2001:bunder Huqin ("middle fiddle", type of erhu pitched a 5th below it; developed in the 1930s)00739nz  a2200181n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001300117562001400130670005000144670009900194670009800293670010000391675006600491mp2013015823DLC20140224113523.3010914|c annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015823  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azhui qin  wgahu qin  aKao, F. Chui chʻin yen tsou chi chʻu, 1983.  aZhongguo yin yue ci dian, 1984:bp. 519 (string instrument; primarily accompanies Honan opera)  aYin yue bai ke ci dian:bp. 790 (string instrument, popular in Honan and Shangdong Provinces)  aLee, Y. Chinese musical instruments:bp. 174 (class of fiddles) p. 186 (fingerboard instrument)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.; New Grove dict. of mus. online01194nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117462001100128462002300139562002500162670075600187670008100943mp2013015824DLC20140224113523.4090413|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015824  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azither  acither  asimple chordophone  wgastring instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. WWW site, Feb. 24, 2005b(Two main senses in modern organology: a large category of string instruments also known as "simple chordophone"; more limited and perhaps more familiar, a small group of Alpine folk and popular instruments. From the late 15th century the term "zither" was used exclusively to denote chordophones with necks, of the cittern type. It was only from the early 19th century that the name began to be used for descendants of the north European Scheitholt type of instrument, which had no neck and frets placed directly on the box. Zithers were already major instrument types in China by the mid-Zhou dynasty (7th-5th centuries BCE). Numerous related zithers subsequently emerged among other Asian cultures.)  aMarcuse, S. Musical instrumentsbCither (obs. Engl. form of the word zither)00351nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162002000117562002900137680005100166mp2013015825DLC20140224113523.4050324|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015825  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azither ensemble  wgainstrumental ensemble  iAn ensemble consisting of two or more zithers.00797nz  a2200169n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001500117562003300132562001400165670027200179670014100451675003500592mp2013015826DLC20140224113523.5070511|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015826  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azitho-harp  wgaplucked string instrument  wgazither  aSears, Roebuck & Co. catalogue no. III (reproduced at WWWminermusic ... searszitho)b(no. 12R914, style D, 33 strings, 17 melody strings [ ] sharps, 4 chords, C, D, F, G; and no. 12R916, style [ ], 41 strings, 21 melody strings with 6 sharps, 5 chords, D, D, F, G, A)  aFretless Zithers.com WWW site, Apr. 24, 2007b(under Chord-zithers of unusual design: string configuration: that of a 5/21 chord-zither)  aNew Grove dict. of mus. online01081nz  a2200157n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001800117562002500135670007500160670030500235670038300540mp2013015827DLC20140224113523.6920716|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015827  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azoomoozophone  wgamallet instrument  aDrummond, D. Columbus, c1980:bt.p. (for flute and 3 zoomoozophonists)  aInfo. from Amer. Music Centerb(invented by the composer Dean Drummond, the zoomoozophone is a 31 tones-per-octave, just-in-toned mallet percussion instrument consisting of 129 horizontally suspended and resonated aluminum tubes. The instrument is modular and playable by one to six zoomoozophonists)  aNew Grove Online, May 10, 2013:bunder Drummond, Dean (built in 1978, is a metallophone which employs 31 just-intoned pitches per octave. The instrument is based on a g′ of 392 Hz, and has a total range of just over four octaves. Made of aluminum bars, it has a full, resonant sound with a long sustain, and can be played by anywhere from one to four percussionists at a time)00370nz  a2200133n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001100117562003000128670007800158mp2013015828DLC20140224113523.6860211|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015828  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azumari  wgadouble reed instrument  aNew Grove dict. of mus. inst.b(zumari: oboe of the Digo people of Kenya)01167nz  a2200265n  4500001001300000003000400013005001700017008004100034010001700075040002500092162001400117462001000131462001100141462001200152462001000164462001000174462001100184462001000195462001000205562003000215670007200245670021000317670009500527670027900622mp2013015829DLC20140224113523.7910314|| annnnbabn          |a ana        amp2013015829  aDLCbengcDLCelcmpt  azūrnā  asorna  asornai  asurlă  asurle  asurna  asurnai  azukra  azurla  wgadouble reed instrument  aW.P.A. California Folk Music Project Collection, 1938-1940b(Surna)  aNew Grove mus. instr.b(Zūrnā, folk oboe of the Arab world, Turkey, southeast Europe, and parts of Asia; sorna, sornai, surlă, surle, surna, surnā, surnai, surnāī, zukra, zurla, zurna, zurnā)  aMarcuse. Musical instruments, 1975b(Zurna, shawm of the Near East; surle, surna, surnā)  aNew Grove Online, May 10, 2013:b(Folk shawm of West and Central Asia, south-eastern Europe and parts of North Africa. Its general form is a conical wooden tube 30–45 cm long, but its length may extend to 60 cm. It is played with a double reed and usually has a pirouette)